Management Chapter 13

Mentor

is a higher-ranking organizational member who is committed to providing upward mobility and support to a protégé's professional career.86 Mentoring provides minorities and women with direct training and inside information on the norms and expectations of the organization. A mentor also acts as a friend or counselor, enabling the employee to feel more confident and capable.

Diversity

defined as all the ways in which people differ

Diversity of Perspective

A broader and deeper base of ideas, opinions, experiences for problem-solving,creativity, and innovation

Diversity Initiatives and and Programs

Companies believe that diversity initiatives help maintain competitive advantage and improve morale, decrease interpersonal conflict, increase creativity, facilitating progress in new markets

Prejudice

Different is defecient

Stereotypes

Rigid, irrational beliefs associated with a particular group of people

Ethnorelativism

The belief that groups and subcultures are inherently equal.

Diversity in the workplace

The differences people bring ti the workplace are valuable. Workforce is changing as organizations build cohesive teams.

Traditional vs. Inclusive

Traditional:Age,race,gender,pay level Inclusive:Race,Lifestyle,Income,Work Style

Discrimination

When someone acts out their prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice

Opt-Out Trend

Women are voluntarily leaving the workforce for various reasons.

Monoculture

a culture that accepts only one way of doing things and one set of values and beliefs, which can cause problems for minority employees.

Pluralism

an organization accommodates several subcultures. Movement toward pluralism seeks to integrate fully into the organization the employees who otherwise would feel isolated and ignored.

Employee Affinity Groups

are based on social identity, such as gender or race, and are organized to focus on concerns of employees from that group.91 Affinity groups pursue a variety of activities, such as meetings to educate top managers, mentoring programs, networking events, training sessions and skills seminars, minority intern programs, and community volunteer activities.

Ethnocentrism

the belief that one's own group and culture are inherently superior to other groups and cultures

Diversity in Corporate America

-Aging workers. Baby boomers continue to affect the workplace as this massive group of workers progresses through its life stages -Increased diversity. Today's workplace is becoming more diverse as the number of foreign-born workers increases. -More women workers. Today, women outnumber men in the workplace, and their numbers are projected to grow slightly faster, at 7.4 percent compared to 6.3 percent for men.

Dividends of Workplace Diversity

-Better use of employee talent -Increased understanding of the marketplace -Enhanced understanding in leadership positions -Increased quality of team problem solving -Reduced costs associated with high turnover,Absenteeism, and Lawsuits

Factors Affecting Women's Careers

-There are advantages to hiring, retaining, and promoting women in organizations. -Men have higher wages and faster promotions than women. -Women are favored in leadership roles.

Female Advantage

Women more collaborative,less hierachial, relationship-oriented;able to deliver what modern society requires of people.

Managing Diversity

a key management skill in today's global economy, means creating a climate in which the potential advantages of diversity for organizational or group performance are maximized, while the potential disadvantages are minimized

Inclusion

is the degree to which an employee feels like an esteemed member of a group in which his or her uniqueness is highly appreciated.

Expanding Recruitment Efforts

new approach to recruitment means making better use of formal recruiting strategies, offering internship programs to give people opportunities, and developing creative ways to draw on previously unused labor markets

Remember This

• A workforce that displays characteristics of today's diversified marketplace is an important tool for managers who are striving for success in a highly competitive business environment. • The U.S. workforce is being transformed by a four-generation workforce, aging baby boomers, an increase in Hispanic and Asian workers, and an increasing number of women employees. • The progression of women into executive positions continues to be slow in both U.S. and global corporations, but innovative companies are initiating programs to boost women's advancement into higher levels of responsibility. • To succeed in the global marketplace, managers need to understand other cultures and deal with them effectively.

Remember This

• Companies that promote women to senior-level positions outperform those without women in these positions, both financially and organizationally. • The glass ceiling is an invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from senior management positions. • Proponents of the opt-out trend say that some women choose to leave the workforce because they decide success isn't worth it in terms of reduced family and personal time, greater stress, and negative health effects. • Critics say that opinion is just a way to blame women for the scarcity of female top managers and argue that organizations must change. • The queen bee syndrome refers to a female boss who not only has no interest in fostering the careers of other women but might even actively undermine them. • Women are likely to be more collaborative, less hierarchical, and more relationship-oriented than men, qualities that prepare them to succeed in today's multicultural work environment.

Remember This

• Diversity is defined as all the ways in which employees differ. • Inclusion is the degree to which an employee feels like an esteemed member of a group in which his or her uniqueness is highly appreciated. • Diversity of perspective is achieved when a manager creates a heterogeneous team made up of individuals with diverse backgrounds and skill sets. • Managing diversity, which means creating a climate in which the potential advantages of diversity for organizational performance are maximized while the potential disadvantages are minimized, is a key management skill today. • Corporations that recruit and retain a diverse workforce reap numerous benefits, including improved team problem solving and increased understanding of the marketplace. • Reckitt Benckiser attributes an increase in sales and income to the diversity of its top management team and workforce

Remember This

• Many organizations have added a new senior management position called chief diversity officer, whose role is to spearhead diversity efforts and cultivate working environments that help women and minorities flourish. • A mentor is a higher-ranking senior member of the organization who is committed to providing upward mobility and support to a protégé's professional career. • To eliminate sexual harassment, companies may offer sexual harassment awareness programs that define harassment and the legal ramifications of harassment. • Employee affinity groups are based on social identity, such as gender or race, and are organized by employees to focus on the concerns of employees from that group. • The National Black Crown Prosecution Association is an employee affinity group for African Americans at Britain's Crown Prosecution Service.

Remember This

• The tendency to view people who are different as being deficient is called prejudice. • Discrimination occurs when someone acts out their negative attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice. • A rigid, exaggerated, irrational belief associated with a particular group of people is called a stereotype. • One stereotype is that talkative women are less capable and pushy, whereas talkative men are viewed as competent and powerful. • Stereotype threat occurs when a person who, when engaged in a task, is aware of a stereotype about his or her identity group suggesting that he or she will not perform well on that task. • Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own group is inherently superior to other groups. • A culture that accepts only one way of doing things and one set of values and beliefs is called a monoculture. • Ethnorelativism is the belief that groups and subcultures are inherently equal. • Pluralism describes an environment in which the organization accommodates several subcultures, including employees who would otherwise feel isolated and ignored.