management information systems chapter 11

11-2 list and describe the elements of a BI environment

1. data from business env. - structured and unstructured data from many sources, includes big data 2. business intelligence infrastructure - underlying foundation of BI is DB system that captures all relevant data to operate business 3. business analytics toolset - set of software tools is used to analyze data and produce reports 4. managerial users and methods - managers impose order on analysis of data by using variety of managerial methods that define strategic business goals and specify how progress measured 5. delivery platform - MIS, DSS, and ESS deliver info an knowledge to different ppl and levels in firm 6. user interface - visual representation of data; data visualization tools include graphs, charts, dashboards, maps

11-1 list and describe the stages in decision making

1. intelligence - discovering, identifying, and understanding problems occurring in org 2. design - identifying and exploring various solutions 3. choice - choosing among solution alternatives 4. implementation - making chosen alternative work and monitoring how well solution is working

11-2 define and describe business intelligence and business analytics

BI - infrastructure for managing data from business environment; warehousing, integrating, reporting, analyzing -ex) databases, data marts, Hadoop BA - focuses on tools and techniques for analyzing and understanding data -ex) OLAP, statistics, models, data mining both about integrating all info streams a firm produces into single, coherent enterprise-wide set of data and using modeling, statistical analysis, and data mining tools to make sense out of all data so managers can make better decisions and plans

11-4 describe how the following systems support knowledge work: computer-aided design (CAD), virtual reality, and augmented reality

CAD - capable of generating realistic-looking 3D graphics that can be rotated and viewed from all sides; produces design specifications for mfg, reducing errors and prod'n time VR - uses interactive graphics software to create computer-generated simulations that are very close to reality; VR modeling language is set of specifications that organizes multiple media types AR - provides live view of physical env. whose elements are augmented by computer-generated imagery; first-down markers on televised football, image-guided surgery

11-2 support for semi-structured decision

DSS - BI delivery platform for super users who want to create own reports & use more sophisticated analytics/models examples: -what-if analysis -sensitivity analysis -backward sensitivity analysis -pivot tables -intensive modeling techniques

11-4 what types of systems are used for enterprise-wide knowledge management and knowledge work, and how do they provide value for businesses?

ERP systems feature databases and tools for organizing and storing structured documents and semi-structured knowledge. other systems include group collaboration and social tools, portals to simplify info access, search tools, and tools for classifying info

11-2 other types of analytics

big data - combining predictive analytics w/ customer data; driving move toward smart cities operational intelligence - day2day monitoring of business decisions and activity; real time monitoring GIS - geographic info systems; helps decision makers visualize problems w/ mapping, ties location data about resources to map

11-2 decision support for senior management

business performance mgmt. - based on firm's strategies; translate strategies into operational targets; uses set of KPIs to measure progress toward targets ESS combines internal data w/ external drill-down capabilities

11-4 define knowledge management and explain its value to businesses

business processes developed for creating, storing, transferring, and applying knowledge increases ability of org to learn from env. and incorporate knowledge into business processes and decision making

11-1 what are the different types of decisions, and how does the decision-making process work?

decisions may be structured, unstructured, or semi-structured. decision-making can be performed by individuals or groups and includes EEs as well as operational, middle, and senior managers.

11-4 define and describe the various types of enterprise-wide knowledge systems and explain how they provide value for businesses

enterprise content mgmt. system - collects and organizes semistructured and unstructured knowledge; corporate repositories for docs and best practices; digital asset mgmt. systems learning mgmt. systems - provide tools for mgmt. delivery, tracking, and assessment of EE learning and training; videos, web-based classes; massive open online courses (MOOCs)

11-3 define a neural network and describe how it works and how it benefits businesses

finds patterns and relationships in very large amounts of data; has large # of sensoring and processing nodes that simultaneously interact w/ each other

11-3 define and describe genetic algorithms and intelligent agents. explain how each technology works and the kinds of problems for which each is suited

genetic algorithms - useful for finding optimal solution for specific problem by examining large # of alternative solutions; based on machine learning techniques inspired by evolutionary biology - useful for problems w/ design changes requiring 100s of variables intelligent agents - software programs that work in background w/o direct human intervention to carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks for individual user, business process, or software app -useful to make supply chains more efficient

11-3 define an expert system, describe how it works, and explain its value to businesses

intelligent technique that captures human expertise in limited domain of knowledge as set of rules in software system that can be used by other in org models human knowledge as "knowledge bases" and uses inference engines to search through rules to formulate conclusions

11-2 define and describe the balanced scorecard method and business performance management

measures four dimensions of firm performance: 1. financial (cash flow, ROI, ROE) 2. business process (# of activities, accident ratios, resource efficiency) 3. customer (delivery perf., quality perf., customer loyalty) 4. learning and growth (investment rate, EE turnover, gender ratios) key performance indicators (KPI) - used to measure each dimension

11-3 define and describe natural language processing, computer vision systems, and robotics and give examples of their business applications

natural language processing - software that can process voice or text commands using natural human language -ex) Siri, Cortana, Alexa computer vision systems - emulates human visual system to view and extract info from real-world images -ex) Facebook DeepFace robotics - design and use of movable machines that can substitute for humans -ex) manufacturing

11-2 list each of the types of BI users and describe the kinds of systems that provide decision support for each type of user

power users - producers of reports, new analyses, models, and forecasts -IT developers = production reports -super users = parameterized reports, dashboards/scorecards -business analysts = ad hoc queries, drill down, OLAP -analytical modelers = forecasts, what-if analysis, stat models casual users - consumers of BI output - customers, suppliers, operational EES = production reports, parameterized reports -sr. managers = parameterized reports, dashboards/scorecards -managers/staff = ad hoc queries, drill down, OLAP - business analysts = forecasts, what-if analysis, stat models

11-2 define predictive analytics and location analytics

predictive - uses statistical analysis, data mining, historical data, and assumptions about future conditions to predict future trends and behavior patterns location - big data analytics that uses location data from mobile phones, sensors, and maps

11-2 list and describe the analytic functionalities BI systems provide

production reports - predefined reports based on industry-specific requirements parameterized reports - users enter several parameters to filter data and isolate impacts of parameters dashboards/scorecards - visual tools for presenting perf. data ad-hoc query/search/report creation - allows user to create own reports based on queries and searches drill-down - ability to move form high-level summary to more detailed view forecasts, scenarios, models - linear forecasting, what-if scenario analysis, data analysis

11-1 list and describe the different decision-making levels and groups in organizations and their decision-making requirements

senior mgmt faces unstructured decisions: decide entrance/exit from mkts, approve capital budget, decide long-term goals middle mgmt faces semistructured decisions: design mktg plan, develop departmental budget, design new corporate site operational mgmt (individual EEs and teams) face structured decisions: determine overtime eligibility, restock inventory, offer credit to customers, determine special offers

11-4 define knowledge work systems and describe the generic requirements of these systems

specialized systems for engineers, scientists, and other knowledge workers requires computing power to handle sophisticated graphics or complex calculations, easy access to external DBs, user-friendly interface

11-3 define machine learning and explain how it benefits business

study of how computers can improve their perf. w/o explicit commands programmed by humans by training algorithms to learn patterns from previous data and examples provided by humans

11-2 how do business intelligence and business analytics support decision making?

they promise to deliver correct, nearly real-time info to decision makers and the analytic tools help them quickly understand the info and take action

11-1 distinguish among an unstructured, semi-structured, and structured decision

unstructured - decision maker must provide judgment to solve problem; novel, important, nonroutine; no well-understood or agreed-upon procedure for making them semi-structured - only part of the problem has clear-cut answer provided by accepted procedure structured - repetitive and routine; involves definite procedure for handling them; doesn't have to be treated as new