Management Information Systems ISM3011C Chapter 1

Firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic business objectives:

1. Operational excellence 2. new products, services, and business models 3. customer and supplier intimacy 4. improved decision-making 5. competitive advantage 6. survival

iPad and iPhone applications for business

1. sales force1 2. Cisco webex 3. sap business by design 4. iWork 5. Evernote 6. Adobe reader 7. oracle business intelligence 8. dropbox

Cloud computing platform emerges as a major business area of innovation

A flexible collection of computers on the internet begins to perform tasks traditionally performed on corporate computers. Major business apllications are delivered online as an internet service (Software as a service or SaaS)

World wide web

A system with universally excepted standards for storing, retrieve retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a networked environment.

Intranet

An internal network based on Internet and World Wide Web technology and standards.

Core business processes

Are accomplished through digital networks spending the entire organization or linking multiple organizations.

Data

Are streams of raw sex representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use.

Complementary assets

Are those assets required to derive value from a primary investment

Human resources

Attracting, developing, and maintaining the organization's labor force; maintaining employee records

Behavioral approach

Behavioral issues parentheses (strategic business integration, implementation, etc.) Psychology, economics, sociology

Information systems literacy

Broad - based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers.

Big data

Businesses look for insights from huge volumes of data from Web traffic, e-mail messages, social media content, and machines (sensors) that require new data management tools to capture, store and analyze.

Social business

Businesses use social networking platforms including Facebook Twitter and internal corporate social tools to deepen interactions with employees, customers, and suppliers. Employees use blogs wikis, email texting, and SMS messaging to interact in online communities.

Information system

Can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect or retrieve, process, store, and distribute information to support decision-making and control in an organization.

Input

Captures or collects raw data from with in the organization or from its external environment.

Information technology infrastructure (IT)

Computer hardware, software, data, storage technology, and networks providing a portfolio of shared IT resources for the organization.

Information technology

Consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives.

Processing

Converts this raw input into a meaningful form.

Information

Data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings.

Business model

Describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.

Computer software

Detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the work of computer hardware components in an information system.

Technical approach

Emphasizes mathematically based models and computer science, management science, operations research

Internet

Global network of networks using universal standards to connect millions of different networks.

Managers adopt online collaboration and social networking software to improve coordination, collaboration, and knowledge sharing

Google apps, Google sites, Microsoft Windows Sharepoint services, and IBM lotus connections are used by over 100 million business professionals worldwide to support blogs, project management, online meetings, personal profiles, social bookmarks, and online communities.

Key corporate assets

Intellectual property, core competencies, and financial and human assets - are managed through digital means.

Organizational and management capital

Investments in organization and management such as new business processes, management behavior, organizational culture, for training.

Digital firm

Is one in which nearly all of the organizations significant business relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled and mediated.

Feedback

Is output that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the input stage.

Computer literacy

Knowledge about information technology, focusing on understanding of how computer - based technologies work.

Virtual meetings proliferate

Managers adopt telepresence video conferencing and web conferencing technologies to reduce travel time and cost while improving collaboration and decision-making

Finance and accounting

Managing the organization's financial assets and maintaining the organization's financial records

Space shifting

Means that work takes place in a global workshop, as well as within national boundaries.

Business intelligence applications accelerate

More powerful data analytics and interactive dashboards provide real-time performance information to managers to enhance decision-making

Middle management

People in the middle of the organizational hierarchy who are responsible for carrying out the plans and goals of senior management.

Senior management

People occupying the top most hierarchy to an organization who are responsible for making long - range decisions.

Knowledge workers

People such as engineers or architects who design products or services and create knowledge for the organization.

Data workers

People such as secretaries or bookkeepers who process the organization's paperwork.

Production or service workers

People who actually produce the products or services of the organization.

Operational management

People who monitor the day - to - day activities of the organization.

Networking and telecommunications technology

Physical devices and software that link various computer hardware components and transfer data from one physical location to another.

Computer hardware

Physical equipment used for input, processing, and output activities in an information system.

Extranet

Private intranet that is accessible to authorized outsiders.

Manufacturing and production

Producing and delivering products and services

Business processes

Refer to the set of logically related tasks and behaviors that organizations develop overtime to produce specific business results in the unique manner in which these activities are organized and coordinated. Examples are developing a new product, generating and fulfilling an order, creating a marketing plan, and hiring an employee.

Time shifting

Refers to business being conducted continuously, 24/7, rather then in narrow "work day" time bands of 9 AM to 5 PM

Sociotechnical view

Seeing systems as composed of both technical and social elements.

Sales and marketing

Selling the organizations products and services

Data management technology

Software governing the organization of data on physical storage media.

Co-creation creations of business value

Sources of business value shift from products to solutions and experiences, and from internal sources to networks of suppliers in collaboration with customers. Supply chains and product development become more global and collaborative; customer interactions help firms to find new products and services.

Business functions

Specialized tasks performed in a business organization, including Manufacturing and production, sales and marketing, finance and accounting, and human resources.

Management information systems (MIS)

Specific category of information system providing reports on organizational performance to help middle management monitor and control the business. (combines computer science, management science, operations research, and practical orientation with behavioral issues)

Managerial assets

Strong senior management support for technology investment and change, incentives for management innovation, teamwork and collaborative work environments, training programs to enhance management decision skills, and management culture that values flexibility and knowledge-based decision-making

Organizational assets

Supportive organizational culture that values efficiency and effectiveness, appropriate business model, efficient business processes, decentralized authority, distributed decision-making rights, and strong IS development team

A mobile digital platform emerges to compute with the PC as a business system

The Apple iPhone and tablet computers and Android mobile devices are able to download hundreds of thousands of applications to support collaboration, location-based services, and communication with colleagues. Small tablet computers, including the iPad and kindle fire, challenge conventional laptops as platforms for consumer and corporate computing.

Social assets

The Internet and telecommunications infrastructure, IT enriched educational programs raising labor force computer literacy, standards (both government and private sector), laws and regulations creating fair, stable market environments, and technology and service firms in adjacent markets to assist implementation

Telework gains momentum in the workplace

The Internet, wireless laptops, smart phones, and tablet computers make it possible for growing numbers of people to work away from the traditional office. 55% of US businesses have some form of remote work program.

Network

The linking of two or more computers to share data or resources, such as a printer.

Culture

The set of fundamental assumptions about what products the organization should produce, how and where it should produce them, and for whom they should be produced.

Business processes

The unique ways in which organizations coordinate and organize work activities, information, and knowledge to produce a product or service.

Output

Transfers the processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.

Software as a service (SaaS)

services for delivering and providing access to the software remotely as a web based service.