management of patient with oncological disorders
Carcinogens are factors related to the formation of various malignancies. Which factor has the greatest impact on the development of all cancers?
chemical agents
An oncology client has just returned from the postanesthesia care unit after an open hemicolectomy. This client's plan of nursing care should prioritize which of the following?
Assess the client's wound for dehiscence every 4 hours.
The nurse should teach the patient who is being radiated about protecting his skin and oral mucosa. An important teaching point would be to tell the patient to:
Cleanse the skin with a mild soap, using his fingertips, not a rough wash cloth.
A client reports a new onset of sporadic epigastric pain, yellow skin, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and fatigue. The health care provider orders a diagnostic workup, which reveals end-stage gallbladder cancer. What nursing intervention should be used to facilitate adaptive coping?
Encourage ventilation of negative feelings. Correct response: Refer client for professional counseling.
A patient with uterine cancer is being treated with internal radiation therapy. What would the nurse's priority responsibility be for this patient?
Explain to the patient that she will continue to emit radiation while the implant is in place.
A client asks the nurse what is causing the fatigue following radiotherapy. What is the nurse's best response?
Fighting off infection is an exhausting venture. Correct response: Substances are released when tumor cells are destroyed.
A client diagnosed with cancer has the tumor staged and graded based on what factors?
How they tend to grow and the cell type
When malignant cells are killed (tumor lysis syndrome), intracellular contents are released into the bloodstream. This leads to which of the following? Select all that apply.
Hyperkalemia Hyperuricemia Hyperphosphatemia
A nurse is caring for a 29-year-old female client, who was diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia. The client is preparing for an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Which statement by the client demonstrates she understands the informed consent she gave about the diagnosis and treatment?
I'll only need chemotherapy treatment before receiving my bone marrow transplant."
Chemotherapeutic agents have which effect associated with the renal system?
Increased uric acid excretion
A client is diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach. The physician orders mitomycin and other chemotherapeutic agents for palliative treatment. How does mitomycin exert its cytotoxic effects?
It inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis.
A patient is taking vincristine, a plant alkaloid for the treatment of cancer. What system should the nurse be sure to assess for symptoms of toxicity?
Nervous system
WBC PLT RBC normal range
RBC: 4.5-6. WBC: 4500-11000 PLT <100,000 = thrombocytopenia
A bowel resection is scheduled for a client with the diagnosis of colon cancer with metastasis to the liver and bone. Which statement by the nurse best explains the purpose of the surgery?
Removing the tumor is a primary treatment for colon cancer." "Tumor removal will promote comfort." Explanation:
A male client has been unable to return to work for 10 days following chemotherapy as the result of ongoing fatigue and inability to perform usual activities. Laboratory test results are WBCs 2000/mm³, RBCs 3.2 x 10¹²/L, and platelets 85,000/mm³. The nurse notes that the client is anxious. Which of the following is the priority nursing diagnosis?
Risk for infection related to inadequate defenses.
Which of the following would be consistent with a benign neoplasm?
Usually progressive and slow
A nurse is teaching a client who is receiving radiation treatment for left lower lobe lung cancer. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?
You Selected: "Most of the adverse effects should go away shortly after my last radiation treatment." Correct response: "I'll use hats to protect my head from the sun when my hair falls out." Explanation:
The nurse is teaching a client about carcinogens. What carcinogens does the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.
dietary substances environmental factors viruses chemical agents defective genes hormone replacement therapy
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, second only to heart disease. Half of all men and one third of all women will develop cancer during their lifetimes. Which types of cancer have the highest prevalence among both men and women?
lung and colon
The nurse performs a breast exam on a client and finds a firm, non-moveable lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast that the client reports was not there 3 weeks ago. What does this finding suggest?
Malignant tumor
A nurse is administering a peripheral chemotherapeutic agent. What nursing actions are used for extravasation of a chemotherapeutic agent? Select all that apply.
Stop the medication infusion at the first sign of extravasation Aspirate any residual drug from the IV line Administer an antidote, if indicated Apply warm compresses to the irritated site to encourage healing(wrong) Schedule the client for implanted device(wrong)
A client with cancer is being evaluated for possible metastasis. What is one of the most common metastasis sites for cancer cells?
not colon! it is liver!
A nurse has agreed to draft a medication teaching plan for a patient who is taking the hormonal agent, Aromasin, an aromatase inhibitor for postmenopausal women with breast cancer. The nurse knows that a major teaching point is to tell the patient to:
Increase her intake of calcium-rich foods.
For a client newly diagnosed with radiation-induced thrombocytopenia, the nurse should include which intervention in the care plan?
Inspecting the skin for petechiae ONCE EVERY SHIFT
A patient will be receiving radiation for 6 weeks for the treatment of breast cancer and asks the nurse why it takes so long. What is the best response by the nurse?
It will allow time for the repair of healthy tissue.