Management Test 1, Chapter 8 HROB 101, MGMT 3080 Chapter 8 Quiz UC, Management ch. 8 quiz, MGMT442 EXAM 2, MGMT 442 Midterm 2, Management 043 Test 2, Chapter 7 Quiz, OB - Chapter 7, MGMT 363 Ch 7 Connect Trust, Justice, Ethics, OB MGMT Ch 7. Trust, J...

moral intent

____ is third step in the four-component model of ethical decision making which reflects an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action

informational

____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from the authorities

interpersonal

____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities

trust propensity

____ refers to a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon.

Ethics

____ reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms

corporate social responsibility

_____ is a perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society

moral awareness

_____ is defined as the authority's act of recognizing that a moral issue exists in a situation or that an ethical standard or principle is relevant to the circumstance

Joyce works in an office of 20 people and seven or eight employees go to lunch together at least once a week. Joyce never attends the lunches, though all are welcome, but the office manager attends regularly. When Joyce found out about the new phone system being installed, she realized her coworkers that attended the lunches already knew about the new phone system. Joyce likely has a(n) ________ dyad with her office manager.

low-quality

A passive, constructive response to negative events that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement is referred to as:

loyalty

Organizational commitment increases the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with....

loyalty or voice

30. Organizational commitment increases the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with

loyalty or voice.

A passive, constructive response to negative work events that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement is referred to as

loyalty.

Thurston's friend Bao is thinking of applying for a job at Thurston's company. Thurston tells Bao it's a great place to work, but secretly Thurston dislikes his boss and is hoping he will retire soon. Thurston is demonstrating

loyalty.

According to the resource-based view of organizations, people are inimitable because they...

make many small decisions that cannot be replicated by other organizations

Understanding correlation is important because all OB questions are "yes or no" in nature.

False

very few 350- degree feedback systems ask employees to provide their own performance T/F

False

Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

False - Decision Making

The knowledge and skills that distinguish specialists from novices is referred to as...

Expertise

According to researchers, people pay attention to stimuli that are what?

-vivid -recognizable -significant

Faking

Exaggerating your responses to a personality test in a socially desirable fashion.

faking

Exaggerating your responses to a personality test in a socially desirable fashion.

15. According to researchers, a cohesive team is always a high-performance team.

FALSE

Blake leads a design team that consists of four members, including himself, but the workload has become such that they need to add a fifth member. He is considering a variety of candidates, who have relatively equivalent skill sets when it comes to the work, and all are more or less equally easy to get along with. Given all this, Blake should be looking for a candidate who demostrates....

a tendency to come to the aid of their coworkers

Procedural justice tends to be a stronger driver of reactions to authorities than distributive justice.

True

T or F Sometimes the best task performers engage in counterproductive behavior.

True

Trust is defined as the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustee's actions and intentions.

True

__________ is the willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions.

Trust

true

Trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture.

What is trustworthiness? Explain how employees can gauge the "track record" of their supervisors

Trustworthiness is the attributes of a boss that inspire trust. The track record of an authority is gauged on three dimensions: ability, integrity, and benevolence

Organizations use four specific consequences to modify employee behavior. These are known as:

contingencies of reinforcement.

The simplest schedule of reinforcement is:

continuous reinforcement

Organizational Citizenship behaviors include

civic virtue

Knowledge work can best be defined as jobs that primarily....

involve cognitive activity as opposed to physical activity

28. The resource-based view of organizations states that people are valuable assets because their knowledge, skills, and abilities are rare and also because people are

inimitable.

Gateway Corporation developed a new form of technology for which they hold a patent. This technology allowed them to significantly reduce the cost of production on their major product line. This resource is

inimitable.

The resource-based view of organizations states that people are valuable assets because their knowledge, skills, and abilities are rare and also because people are

inimitable.

The full spectrum of transformational leadership can be summarized using four dimensions, collectively called "the Four I's." Which of the following answer options is not one of the Four I's?

initiating structure

When people believe that they are treated with dignity and respect by parties involved in a decision-making process, they perceive ____ justice

interpersonal

____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from the authorities. Interpersonal Procedural Distributive Informational Redistributive

interpersonal

The two main categories of citizenship behavior are

interpersonal and organizational.

Trust is among the most significant factors in determining a company's ____

reputation

trust is among the most significant factors in determining a company'S

reputation

continuance commitment

research has shown that trust does NOT share a positive correlation with ____.

16. Which of the following is a primary individual outcome of interest to organizational behavior researchers according to the integrative model?

job performance

Which of the following is a feature of social exchange relationships between organizations and employees?

mutual investment

Research on satisfaction, emotions, and team processes found in OB draws heavily from studies in

social psychology.

voice

which of the following is a procedural justice rule?

egoism

which of the following specific principles considers an act to be morally right if the decision maker freely decides to pursue either short-term or long-term interests?

What are some dimensions that we gauge an authority's rack record?

-integrity -ability -benevolence

For which reasons can whistle-blowing be considered an especially ethical action for a person to take?

-it exposes an illegal or immoral activity in an organization -the action leaves the person vulnerable to potential retaliation

"_____ contracts" are based on a broader set of open-ended and subjective obligations. A. Transactional B. Relational C. Normative D. Progression E. Psychological

B

Reliability answers the important question if one is measuring something that matters.

False

Research shows that employees with low job satisfaction experience strong positive feelings when they think about their duties or take part in their task activities.

False

Routine task performance can involve employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable T/F

False

T or F Political deviance refers to behaviors that intentionally harm the organization's assets and possessions.

False

distributive justice

Danny Locker recently put down his papers after his managers failed to give him a pay rise that he felt would rightly compensate for his increasing work load. Danny, who had faced this kind of pay discrimination in the company earlier, finally decided to quit and has begun looking for another job. Danny's resentment related to his pay reflects the specific lack of _____ in the company that he worked for.

Which of the following offers the best definition of "job performance?"

Degree to which employee activities accomplish organizational goals

________ is a subjective probability ranging from 0 to 1 that describes how a specific amount of effort will lead to a specific level of performance.

Expectancy

Identify and explain the mathematical formula for expectancy theory.

Expectancy is a subjective probability, ranging from 0 (no chance) to 1 (a mortal lock). Expectancy expects a specific amount of effort will result in a specific level of performance (E → P).

those with a performance prove orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that others will not think poorly of them

FALSE

Affective commitment exists when there is a sense that staying is the "right" or "moral" thing to do.

False

All people move through the preconventional and conventional stages and finally operate from the postconventional stage of moral development.

False

Anya, a manager at Marquette Industries, is always very careful to award bonuses and other rewards to her subordinates based on each individual's performance and contribution. Anya is concerned with interpersonal justice.

False

Civic virtue refers to keeping coworkers informed about matters that are relevant to them.

False

Evaluating an employee's performance based on result alone provides the best picture of which employees are worth more to an organization T/F

False

Expectancy represents the belief that low performance is the outcome of high efforts.

False

In general, easy goals or "do your best" goals result in higher performance than specific and difficult goals

False

Interpersonal justice is fostered when authorities adhere to two particular rules: the justification rule and the truth rule.

False

Intrinsic motivation is controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance.

False

It is impossible for a person to possess all of the forms of power at the same time.

False

T or F Creative task performance is the degree to which individuals develop ideas or physical outcomes that are both novel and useful.

True

T or F Wasting resources is the most common form of production deviance.

True

T or F Property deviance refers to behaviors that harm the organization's assets and possessions.

True

T or F: Creative task performance is the degree to which individuals ideas or physical outcomes that are both novel and useful.

True

T/F Moral identity is the extent to which an individual considers oneself to be a moral person

True

Task performance refers to employee behaviors directly involved in the transformation of resources into goods or services the organization produces.

True

The entire process of reinforcement is a continuous cycle, and the repetition of behaviors is strengthened to the degree that reinforcement continues to occur.

True

The fundamental attribution error argues that people have a tendency to judge others' behaviors as due to internal factors.

True

The importance of trust propensity is most obvious in interactions with strangers, in which any acceptance of vulnerability would amount to "blind trust."

True

The two primary outcomes of interest to OB researchers, employees, and managers are job performance and organizational commitment.

True

Theory is defined as a collection of assertions—both verbal and symbolic—that specify how and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should (and should not) be related.

True

trust propensity

When Cathy gives him the mail, Raheem trusts that she has not stolen or opened any of it. Raheem has a high degree of

intellectual stimulation

When the leader behaves in ways that challenge followers to be innovative and creative by questioning assumptions and reframing old situations in new ways

Tom and Zorah are having a discussion about the representation of minorities in the workforce. Tom thinks that, in general, all minority groups are equally represented, but Zorah corrects him. What does Zorah point out to Tom?

While minorities are better represented, Asians still only make up about 5 percent of the workforce

Forward Media, an advertising firm, started a monthly online journal dedicated to allowing employees to put forth their ideas about improving company performance in an open forum. Feedback is given through the company website, viewable by all employees. Colleagues, managers, and peers can give their constructive feedback without revealing their identity

a social network system

The last step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is _____. A. ethical behavior B. moral awareness C. moral identity D. trust propensity E. moral intent

ethical behavior

the last step in the four component model of ethical decision making is _____

ethical behavior

____ reflects the degree to which outcomes reflect generally accepted moral norms

ethics

_____ reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms. Ethics Justice Competence Trust Morality

ethics

_____ reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.\

ethics

Chloe loves her job, admires her boss, and believes in the goals and the vision of the company she works for. She cannot imagine looking for or finding a better job. Chloe most likely is demonstrating...

a high level of organizational commitment

Equity has ________ effect on citizenship behavior and ________ effect on counterproductive behavior.

a moderate positive; a moderate negative

Mariel is in the market to buy a used car. Her friend Mika tells her that she should avoid City Motors. Mika's boyfriend bought his car there, and it breaks down constantly. Mariel talks to several other friends who agree with Mika. Their judgment reflects the fact that City Motors has

a poor reputation

the O*NET is useful for many thins, but it does not provide

a resource for organizations that find it impractical to use job analysis

Which of the following refers to the propensity to view one's own cultural values as "right" and those of other cultures as "wrong"? Ethnocentrism Short-term orientation Neuroticism Extraversion Zero acquaintance

ethnocentrism

_____ is a dimension of trustworthiness, that is defined as the skills, competencies, and areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific context. Character Personality Benevolence Affect Ability

ability

According to research, the level of trust in authorities is a significant predictor of employees' ____

ability to focus

With ________, the leader arranges to monitor mistakes and errors dynamically and takes corrective action when required.

active management-by-exception

When a fight broke out between two workers at Leo Motors, James the manager, decided to walk away and let the situation resolve on its own. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes James. agreeableness conscientiousness openness to experience extraversion neuroticism

agreeableness

Which of these dimensions in the Big Five taxonomy is associated with the trait adjectives kind, cooperative, sympathetic, and warm? Openness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism Conscientiousness

agreeableness

utilitarianism

an act is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people according to the principle of _____.

moral development at the conventional stage is characterized by

an emphasis on laws, and orders that govern society

Moral development at the conventional stage is characterized by: an emphasis on laws, rules, and orders that govern society. a set of defined, established moral principles. specific principles like utilitarianism and egoism. the desire to obtain pleasure and avoid pain regardless of any concern about moral order. self-interest and a lack of loyalty, gratitude, or fairness.

an emphasis on laws, rules and orders that govern society.

Moral development at the conventional stage is characterized by:

an emphasis on laws, rules, and orders that govern society.

equity distress

an internal tension that can only be alleviated by restoring balance to the ratios.

The tendency to rely too heavily on one trait or piece of information when making decision refers to which of these biases? Anchoring Gambler's fallacy Availability bias Halo effect Confirmation bias

anchoring

establishing that one variable truly does result in another

casual inferences

The Chinese culture is a tight social framework in which people take care of the members of a broader in group and act loyal to it. In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, what is the personality dimension that you will use to describe the Chinese culture? Uncertainty avoidance Collectivism Masculinity Short-term orientation Low power distance

collectivism

A shift in the behaviors of employees, but not their attitudes, occurs with a response to influence tactics known as

compliance

______ is (are) an important moderator of what individuals consider to be positively or negatively valent. Self-efficacy SMART goals Expectancy Culture Generalizability

culture

Moods and emotions can be categorized by

pleasantness and activation.

The most serious form of physical withdrawal is....

quitting

Which of the following represent the two interpersonal justice rules?

respect and propriety

they care for employees, are concerned about their well-being, and feel a sense of loyalty to them

when authorities are perceived as benevolent, it means that:

Cognition-based trust is driven by the trustor's faith in human nature.

False

Constructs represent concepts that can be easily observed, such as applicant gender.

False

_____ includes employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces. A. Task performance B. Citizenship behavior C. Counterproductive behavior D. Job orientation E. Organizational commitment

Task performance includes employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces. Task performance behaviors will focus on the tasks, duties, and responsibilities that are a core part of the job.

Affect-based trust is seen in a select few relationships.

True

Causal inferences means establishing that one variable really does cause another.

True

Someone with affective commitment would most likely sat which of the following?

"My current job duties are very rewarding."

Someone with affective commitment would most likely say which of the following?

"My current job duties are very rewarding."

36. The talented employees who display high level of task performance but never seem to want to get involved in important decisions about the future of the company are most likely to be

) lone wolves.

What are the four contingencies of reinforcement?

(1) positive reinforcement (2) negative reinforcement (3) punishment (4) extinction.

Identify and explain the acronym S.M.A.R.T. as used in goal setting theory.

(SMART - Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results-Based, and Time-Sensitive)

90 % of the knowledge contained in organizations occurs is explicit knowledge. - True - False

- False

Which of the following is true of explicit knowledge? - It is what employees can learn only through experience. - Most of the knowledge in a company occurs in this form. - It cannot be communicated easily from person to person. - It does not affect the performance of an employee. - It is a large part of what companies teach in training sessions.

- It is a large part of what companies teach in training sessions.

Which of the following explains why the moderate correlation between learning and job performance may be underestimated? - Learning seems less relevant to citizenship behavior and counterproductive behavior. - Higher levels of job knowledge are associated with slight increases in emotional attachment to the firm. - Employees with higher levels of expertise become more highly valued commodities on the job market. - It's difficult to fulfill one's job duties if the employee doesn't possess adequate levels of job knowledge. - It's difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, because of its unspoken nature.

- It's difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, because of its unspoken nature.

_____ is the tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations. - Availability bias - A stereotype - Projection bias - Selective perception - Self-serving bias

- Selective perception

Extinction occurs when a(n): - unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior. - unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior. - consequence following an unwanted behavior is removed. - positive outcome follows a desired behavior. - unwanted outcome follows a wanted behavior.

- consequence following an unwanted behavior is removed.

Differences between experts and novices are almost always a function of _____. - intelligence - age - learning - eagerness - perseverance

- learning

One model of attribution processes suggests that when people have a level of familiarity with the person being judged, they'll use a more detailed decision framework. According to this model, a person's behavior will be attributed to internal factors if there is: - high consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. - low consensus, high distinctiveness, and high consistency. - low consensus, low distinctiveness, and low consistency. - low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency. - high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency.

- low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency.

What are the four methods by which people "know" things?

- methods of experience - methods of intuition - methods of authority - methods of science

What are the rules of procedural justice?

-bias suppression -voice -consistency -correctability

What are some elements of abilities?

-competencies -expertise -skills

What are common outcomes of abusive supervision?

-decreased satisfaction -counterproductive behavior -increased absenteeism

What are some factors by which employees judge whether an authority's decision making is fair?

-distributive justice -interpersonal justice -procedural justice

What are consequential moral principles, which judge morality of an action according to its goals, aims, or outcomes?

-egoism -utilitariansim

What are the elements of the four-component model of ethical decision making in order, with the first step at the top?

-moral awareness -moral judgement -moral intent -ethical behavior

In order to determine whether distributive justice exists, employees consider what factors?

-pay -promotions -assignments

What are statements that define a benevolent authority?

-they care for employees -they are loyal to their employees -they are concerned about employees' well-being

Which of the following correlations indicates no statistical relationship between two variables?

0

Ability is defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives.

False

score

10/10

The management approach _____ involves collecting performance information not only from the supervisor but also from anyone else who might have firsthand knowledge about the employees performance behaviors

360-degree feedback

This morning, several people in the marketing department were called by someone at headquarters asking about their coworker Joanna's performance on the job. The man explained that he wanted to get each person's honest assessment of her strengths and weaknesses, and he assured them that they would remain anonymous. Most likely the company is applying the _____________ approach to managing employee performance.

360-degree feedback

Researchers recognize ________ types of cognitive ability.

5

How is stress best defined?

A psychological evaluation of challenging and hindering demands.

Trust Propensity

A general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon.

trust propensity

A general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon.

Which of the following best demonstrates "behavioral modeling?"

A new server observes an experienced server for the first half of the shift and then begins working her own tables during the second half of the shift.

19. Culture, teamwork, trust, and reputation are examples of

A) socially complex resources.

The three dimensions of trustworthiness include:

Ability, benevolence, integrity

86. (p. 43) Which of the following occurs when an employee is assaulted or endangered such that physical and psychological injuries may occur? A. Boosterism B. Sabotage C. Incivility D. Abuse E. Gossiping

Abuse also falls under this heading; it occurs when an employee is assaulted or endangered in such a way that physical and psychological injuries may occur

_____ is defined as the sustained display by a manager of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact. A. Whistle-blowing B. Bias suppression C. Justification D. Trust propensity E. Abusive supervision

Abusive supervision

Interpersonal citizenship behavior includes: A. voice. B. civic virtue. C. sportsmanship. D. boosterism. E. secrecy.

Activities such as helping, being courteous, respectful and having a sense of sportsmanship fall under interpersonal citizenship behavior. Activities such as voice, boosterism and civic virtue come under organizational citizenship behavior.

trustor's feelings for the trustee

Affect-based trust is driven by the

true

Affect-based trust relies on our feelings.

Jackie loves her job, admires her boss, and believes in the goals and vision of her organization. She can't imagine looking for or finding a better job. Jackie is mostly likely demonstrating:

Affective commitment

Which of the following is an example of a strain?

Amrita develops insomnia while trying meet the deadline to sequencing a new gene.e

RIASEC model

An interest framework summarized by six different personality types including realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional.

________ is the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easier to recall.

Availability bias

Missing meetings is a form of _____ withdrawal. A. psychological B. physical C. cultural D. community E. social

B

The "_____ syndrome" is characterized by anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt that affects the employees who remain with an organization after a downsizing. A. employee B. survivor C. stress D. erosion E. decay

B

________ is the value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute, either positively or negatively, to organizational goal accomplishment. A) Knowledge work B) Job performance C) Task performance D) Citizenship behavior E) Civic virtue

B

Which of the following represents the predictable sequence of stages in team development?

B) forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning

As the manager of the local Express Package Services, a retail shipping facility, DeAnna is evaluating the employees who work at the counter. She looks at such factors as positive or negative customer comments about each employee, their sales relative to those of their coworkers, the amount of time they spend with each customer, and so forth. DeAnna is evaluating each of these employees in terms of their A) courtesy B) job performance C) citizenship behavior D) counterproductive behavior. E) task performance.

B) job performance

Which of the following is an example of what equity theory refers to as an external comparison?

Bailey is angry because she finds out that dental hygienists in other offices earn more than she does.

Type A behavior

Behavior pattern characterized by competitiveness, impatience, hostility, and constant efforts to do more in less time

Which of the following dimensions of trustworthiness is defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives?

Benevolence

interpersonal injustice

Bryan McPhelps, a first-line supervisor at Little Toys, regularly uses abusive and derogatory words when dealing with his subordinates. Many employees have also heard Bryan refer to specific employees with inappropriate labels ridiculing their ethnicity, names, or weaknesses. From the scenario, it can be concluded that workers at Little Toys are suffering from _____.

________ is the emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion that results from having to cope with stressful demands on an ongoing basis.

Burnout

"_____ contracts" are based on a narrow set of specific monetary obligations. A. Normative B. Relational C. Transactional D. Psychological E. Progression

C

The short descriptions of effective and ineffective behaviors used to create an employee performance measurement instrument that managers can use to evaluate employee behavior are referred to as _____. A. 360 degree feedback B. management by objectives C. critical incidents D. descriptive events E. favorable incidents

C

Employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces are referred to collectively as A) job performance. B) civic virtue. C) task performance. D) citizenship behavior. E) behaviorally anchored rating scales.

C) task performance

Meaningful

Captures the value of work goal or purpose, relative a person's own ideals and passions.

Meaningfulness

Captures the value of work goal or purpose, relative a person's own ideals and passions.

Employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment are referred to as: A. mistaken errors. B. omissions. C. erroneous identities. D. counterproductive behavior. E. counteractive mistakes.

D

Interpersonal citizenship behaviors consist of all the following EXCEPT: A. helping. B. courtesy. C. sportsmanship. D. boosterism. E. respect for others.

D

The following are all dimensions of psychological empowerment EXCEPT:

Conscientiousness

________ commitment is defined as a desire to remain a member of an organization because of an awareness of the costs associated with leaving it.

Continuance

the behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) approach uses "_____" which are short descriptions of effective and ineffective behavior, to create a measure that can be used to evaluate employee performance

Critical incidents

"Stars" is one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. "Stars" likely respond to negative events with _____ because they have the desire to improve the status quo and the credibility needed to inspire change. A. loyalty B. exit C. neglect D. voice E. ignorance

D

"_____" possess low levels of both organizational commitment and task performance. A. Stars B. Citizens C. Lone wolves D. Apathetics E. Dogs

D

"_____" refers to the verbal chatting about non-work topics that goes on in cubicles and offices or at the mailbox or vending machines. A. Satisficing B. Moonlighting C. Daydreaming D. Socializing E. Cyberloafing

D

Organizational commitment should increase the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work with _____ or _____. A. loyalty; neglect B. exit; loyalty C. voice; exit D. loyalty; voice E. neglect; exit

D

Which of the following occurs when an employee is assaulted or endangered such that physical and psychological injuries may occur? A. Boosterism B. Sabotage C. Incivility D. Abuse E. Gossiping

D

Which of the following statements about management by objectives (MBO) is false? A. It is a management philosophy that bases an employee's evaluations on whether the employee achieves specific performance goals. B. Employee involvement is high in MBO. C. It is a set of mutually agreed-upon objectives that are measurable and specific. D. It is best suited for managing the performance of employees who work in contexts in which subjective measures of performance can be quantified. E. Employee performance can be gauged by referring to the degree to which the employee achieves results that are consistent with the objectives.

D

Programmed Decisions

Decisions that become automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken.

_program decisions

Decisions that become somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken.

judge relative distances between things accurately.

Depth perception is the ability to:

42. Josie, Ignacio, Myra, Randall, and Dinesh work in the human resources department at an educational software company. In the next two weeks, one of them will quit. Based on their behavior, who do you think will be the one to leave?

Dinesh, who always arrives late and leaves early and has been out sick four times in the last six weeks

Among the problems with the forced ranking system is that it

Discourages employees from stepping outside the bounds of routine task behaviors

According to the value-percept theory, the relation between dissatisfaction, value (importance), and value (want) is given by the following:

Dissatisfaction = (Vwant - Vhave) × (Vimportance)

"_____" is a form of withdrawal in which employees appear to be working but are actually distracted by random thoughts or concerns. A. Moonlighting. B. Cyberloafing. C. Socializing. D. Satisficing. E. Daydreaming.

E

All of the following are forms of counterproductive behaviors EXCEPT: A. political deviance. B. personal aggression. C. property deviance. D. production deviance. E. aggressive training.

E

Apathetics tend to respond to negative events with _____, because they lack the performance needed to be marketable and the commitment needed to engage in acts of citizenship. A. loyalty B. exit C. influence D. voice E. neglect

E

Property deviance includes _____. A. interpersonal and organizational behaviors B. sabotage and theft C. gossiping and incivility D. harassment and abuse E. wasting resources and substance abuse

E

Riya has become famous creating new styles in women's formal wear. Her assistants copy the patterns created by Riya, cut cloth pieces and sew them into garments that look like Riya's creations. The work done by Riya is a type of _____ whereas the work done by her assistants is a type of _____. A. routine task performance; creative task performance B. creative task performance; counterproductive behavior C. citizenship behaviors; counterproductive behavior D. counterproductive behavior; creative task performance E. creative task performance; routine task performance

E

Steps that foster learning

Employee training encourages learning of job related knowledge and behavior. Training methods include knowledge transfer, behavioral modeling, communities of practice and transfer of learning

Discuss the steps an organization can take to foster learning.

Employee training encourages learning of job-related knowledge and behavior. Training methods include knowledge transfer, behavior modeling, communities of practice, and transfer of training. a. Mentoring b. Behavior model c. Community of practice d. Training class to learn e. Learning always comes from people to learn

Which of the following best describes job characteristics theory?

Employees are more satisfied when they find fulfilment within the work.

The managers at Pulse, an HR firm, have noticed that the employees are not team players; they are focused on achieving individual goals. Management wants to change this attitude of its employees. The company wants to create a reward system in which all group members would receive exactly the same outcome regardless of their individual productivity levels to promote their ability to work effectively in groups. Which of the following allocation norms would you recommend for this purpose? A. Equality norm B. Consensus norm C. Standard norm D. Propensity norm E. Equity norm

Equality norm

Differentiate between the ethical and legal components of corporate social responsibility.

Ethical components of corporate social responsibility is relevant to the benevolence and integrity of the organization. Ethical assumes organizations have an obligation to do what is right, just, fair, and avoids harm. The legal components of corporate social responsibility are (1) the law of society's codification of right and wrong and must be followed. (2) the integrity of the organization has reached the conventional level of moral development.

Felix started his new job about a month ago. When asked, he says he likes most of his coworkers. One of them, though, is mean-spirited, obnoxious, petty, and belligerent. Felix is describing his coworker's social traits.

F

individuals who value money for the achievement respect and freedom it confers value the rational meaning of money

F

11. A correlation describes the statistical relationship between three variables.

FALSE

12. Routine task performance can involve employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable.

FALSE

A correlation describes the statistical relationship between three variables.

False

The CEO had no idea how to perform any of the jobs on the auto-manufacturing assembly line. One day, while hastily walking past the assembly line he saw two workers putting the front bumper on a car and told them they were installing the wrong bumper. The workers knew they had the correct bumper, but the CEO stopped the assembly line to sort out the conflict. In stopping the assembly line, the CEO was using his expert power.

False

The autocratic style of leadership is characterized by high follower control.

False

The most serious form of physical withdrawal is absenteeism.

False

The theories and concepts foudn in OB are drawn from two disciplines: human resources management and strategic management.

False

The theories and concepts found in OB are drawn from two disciplines: human resources management and strategic management.

False

Which scenario depicts an employee who experiences a high level of meaningfulness?

Floyd walks around his pet rescue, patting his employees on the back and reminding them they are improving the lives of animals and people.

Over the course of a week, various coworkers confide in you about their states of feeling. Which of the following scenarios are you most likely to characterize as a mood?

For some unknown reason, Vasil felt vaguely irritable at work for days.

Due to financial difficulties, the management of Briteway Sav-N-Shop, a chain of retail stores, is planning to cut some of the office staff at its headquarters. Therefore, the chief operations officer instructs Daniel, the human resources director, to develop a system for evaluating workers in terms of their performance. The objective is to divide the workforce into three groups: the top producers, who should be retained at any cost; the lost causes, who will need to be cut; and the mid-level performers, whose jobs are relatively assured—at least for now. This method is known as

Forced ranking

________ occurs when employees are subjected to unwanted physical contact or verbal remarks from a colleague.

Harassment

justice

Reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making.

Distributive Justice

Reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes - pay, rewards, evaluations and promotions.

****

I have a majority of the correct answers but got a few of them wrong and am just pointing out the ones I personally got wrong so you can avoid that answer when you answer you quiz/homework

Affect

In some ways, Colin is not a very good manager. He can be disorganized and flaky, and he often foists his own job responsibilities off onto others. However, his staff love him because he has a lot of personal charm and lets them do things like bring their pets to work. Colin's staff displays ______-based trust in him.

affect

In the case of _____-based trust, our trust arises mostly from the emotional feelings we have for the authority.

cognition

In the case of _____-based trust, we rationally evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of an authority along the dimensions of ability, integrity, and benevolence.

_____ is defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable.

Integrity

justification and truthfulness

Informational justice is fostered when authorities adhere to the rules of

Motivation

Initiates work related effort and it determines direction, intensity and persistence

65. (p. 38) The three hygienists' interact with one another in a manner that reflects high levels of _____. A. boosterism B. interpersonal citizenship behavior C. routine task performance D. adaptive task performance E. centralized behavior

Interpersonal citizenship behavior benefits coworkers and colleagues and involve assisting, supporting, and developing other organizational members in a way that goes beyond normal job expectations.

The moderate correlation between learning and job performance may be underestimated because ________________________________.

It is difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, due to its unspoken nature.

Donnell is a computer programmer whose job performance rating notes the fact that he often goes out to the parking lot and sits in his car during lunch hour. He is otherwise sociable and never late coming back from lunch; therefore, this is not an appropriate item to include on his job performance rating because it

Is not a behavior relevant to the accomplishment of organizational goals.

____________ is the value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute, either positively or negatively, to organizational goal accomplishment.

Job Performance

trust propensity

It is argued that _____ represents a sort of "faith in human nature."

Which of the following is characteristic of disposition-based trust?

It is based on the general propensity of the trustor to trust others.

The process by which an organization determines the requirements associated with the specific job is referred to as a

Job analysis

Which of the following explains why the moderate correlation between learning and job performance may be underestimated?

It's difficult to measure tacit knowledge, which is relevant to task performance, because of its unspoken nature.

100. (p. 50) Which of the following about the forced ranking method is false? A. It is based on Jack Welch's vitality curve. B. It compels managers to rank all of their people into one of three categories: the top 20 percent (A players), the vital middle 70 percent (B players), or the bottom 10 percent (C players). C. The B players are to be developed as better managers. D. Employees may become hypercompetitive with one another to avoid finding themselves in a lower category. E. The B players possess the four E's of GE Leadership.

Jack Welch's vitality curve led to the forced ranking method, which forces managers to rank employees into three categories, the disadvantage being employees may become hypercompetitive. The A players possess the four E's of GE leadership.

_____ bases an employee's evaluations on whether the employee achieves specific performance goals

Management by Objectives

When an athletic director at State University evaluates how much time a coach spends with the team, the coach's ethical impact on team member behaviors, and the clarity of the coach's explanations of new plays, the manager is assessing the coach's______.

Job performance

________ is a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences.

Job satisfaction

________ is a positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences.

Job satisfaction

ability

Laraine, who studied marketing and public relations in college, reviewed numerous articles, studied the new phone thoroughly, and came up with a campaign that received good reviews from her team leaders. Her success in creating a good campaign for the new phone completely on her own reflects her

38. Which of the following provides an example of a situation with high goal interdependence?

Larry's team has developed a mission statement within a week of its formation.

________ is the use of power and influence to direct the activities of followers toward goal achievement.

Leadership

How important is learning? Discuss the relationships among learning, job performance, and organizational commitment.

Learning is moderately correlated with task performance. Gaining job knowledge increases task performance and leads to higher job performance. Learning is only weakly related to organizational commitment

need norm

Leo Motors has an HR policy that does not allow its newly hired employees to work on committee projects or get involved in the union meetings. This is done to ensure that the new employees can concentrate on their work and do not get distracted with other minor issues. Which of the following allocation norms has Leo Motors adopted?

A passive, constructive response to negative events that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement is referred to as :

Loyalty

The management at Consumer Research Systems, which has several hundred employees, is attempting to determine whether to apply the management by objectives (MBO) or behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) approach for evaluating job performance. In making their choice, they should consider the fact that....

MBO emphasizes results as much as performance behaviors, whereas BARS focuses on performance behaviors

Employees are willing to manipulate and deceive others to acquire power are referred to as having ________ tendencies.

Machiavellian

93. (p. 47) Which of the following performance appraisal systems refers to a philosophy that bases an employee's evaluations on whether the employee achieves specific performance goals? A. Behaviorally anchored rating scales B. Management by objectives C. 360 degree feedback D. Benchmarking E. Behavioral observation scales

Management by objectives (MBO) bases an employee's evaluations on whether the employee achieves specific performance goals.

a poor reputation

Mariel is in the market to buy a used car. Her friend Mika tells her that she should avoid City Motors. Mika's boyfriend bought his car there, and it breaks down constantly. Mariel talks to several other friends who agree with Mika. Their judgment reflects the fact that City Motors has

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the core job characteristic of variety?

Maxim has to answer the phone, provides tours, write reports, and make appointments.

49. Trent loves working on the new engineering team. Everyone is so friendly, and there is never any bitterness or conflict. Trent is sure they will come up with the most innovative designs ever. Is Trent right?

Maybe, but the team members may be so focused on creating harmony, they may endanger task accomplishment.

The following are all examples of psychological withdrawal behaviors EXCEPT:

Missing Meetings

The following are all examples of psychological withdrawal behaviors EXCEPT:

Missing meetings

Which of the following is a feature of social exchange relationships between organizations and employees? A. Narrow definition of work demands B. Advance knowledge of occupational obligations C. Impersonal and contractual D. Mutual investment E. Explicit repayment schedule

Mutual investment

angry at his boss and coworker, Jerome has booby-trapped the cartridges in the office printers so that ink will bleed all over each page, his behavior is an example of

NOT wasting resources, a type of property deviance

A study shows that the high turnover rate at a company is only caused by the domineering attitude of a middle manager. What criteria of causal inference does this example show?

No alternative explanation exists for the correlation.

29. Teresa works in a chemical factory where her job involves inspecting containers of kerosene as they pass down the assembly line. She goes through a five-step process compliant with safety regulations laid down in the company manual, and she seldom has to think about her work. One day, however, a fire broke out on the line, and Teresa, who saw it before anyone else, grabbed an extinguisher just in time. Had she not acted quickly, the fire would have quickly spread, potentially resulting in widespread injuries and even death. In terms of organizational behavior, what is the best way to describe this situation?

Normally, Teresa's job involves routine task performance, but this situation required adaptability.

Which is the best learning method to acquire tacit knowledge in organization?

Observation

Neuroticism

One of the "Big Five" dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous, and unstable.

Creative task performance is the degree to which individuals develop ideas or physical outcomes that are both novel and useful.

True

84. (p. 43) Behavior that involves verbal hostility and physical altercations directed toward other employees is referred to as _____. A. boosterism B. incivility C. personal aggression D. sabotage E. political deviance

Personal aggression is defined as hostile verbal and physical actions directed toward other employees.

Integrity Tests

Personality tests that focus specifically on a predisposition to engage in theft and other counterproductive behaviors.

20. Which of the following examples demonstrates the midway point of the punctuated equilibrium development pattern?

Phyllis and her teammates realize they need to quit messing around and get busy to meet their deadline.

historically, research on organizational behavior has focused on the _____ aspects of the job performance

Physical

Behaviors that intentionally disadvantage other individuals rather than the larger organization are referred to as

Political Deviance

79. (p. 43) Behaviors that intentionally disadvantage other individuals rather than the larger organization are referred to as _____. A. property deviance B. organizational aggression C. wasting resources D. personal aggression E. political deviance

Political deviance refers to behaviors that intentionally disadvantage other individuals rather than the larger organization. It includes gossiping and incivility.

Safe Heaven Laboratories has a very liberal atmosphere in which all employees are welcome to participate in the decision-making process. The company values the feedback and suggestions given by the employees, who in turn are pleased that they are able to express their opinions freely. Which of the following dimensions of justice is the company promoting by giving its employees voice? A. Interpersonal justice B. Informational justice C. Procedural justice D. Retributive justice E. Distributive justice

Procedural justice

______________ is particularly important when outcomes are bad.

Procedural justice

Identify and explain the two methods of decision making and give examples of each.

Programmed decisions are those easy to recognize and quickly know the course of action to take; it is automatic. Nonprogrammed decisions are new, complex, and not recognized.

In order to determine whether distributive justice exists, employees consider which of the following

Promotions Pay Assignments

75. (p. 42) Behaviors that intentionally harm the organization's assets and possessions are referred to as: A. production deviance. B. political deviance. C. property deviance. D. personal aggression. E. organizational aggression.

Property deviance refers to behaviors that harm the organization's assets and possessions.

________ is the energy rooted in the belief that work tasks contribute to some larger purpose.

Psychological empowerment

What is quantitative ability?

Quantitative ability is the capability to do simple math operations (adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing). It is also mathematical reasoning, which is the ability to choose and apply formulas to solve problems that involve numbers.

Task complexity

Reflects how complicated the information and actions involved in a task.

Expectancy Theory

Ranging from zero (no chance) to 1 a mortal lock E>>>P

Ralph consistently completes the duties outlined in his job description. He arrives on time and never leaves before the end of his shift. He tends to keep to himself and prefers to "get the job done." His efforts have helped his team meet several organizational directives over the last few years. In spite of these efforts, Ralph continues to have average scores on his annual performance review. What is one thing Ralph could do that would have the best potential for improving his scores on the next performance review?

Reach out to his coworkers and share his expertise when relevant.

According to researchers, people pay attention to stimuli that are which of the following?

Recognizable Vivid Significant

Which of the following represent the two interpersonal justice rules?

Respect and propriety

Which of the following represent the two interpersonal justice rules? A. Equity and equality B. Consistency and accuracy C. Justification and truthfulness D. Respect and propriety E. Voice and correctability

Respect and propriety

91. (p. 46) Which of the following represents the bulk of the service job growth in the United States? A. Maintenance workers B. Repair sheet metal workers C. Retail salespersons D. Construction industry laborers E. Production jobs

Retail salespersons, customer service representatives, and food service workers would represent the bulk of that service job growth in the United States.

Yuka has a great relationship with her boss, Oliver. Oliver demands a lot of his employees, but he gives a lot in return in the form of not only bonuses and other incentives, but also sincere praise and personal accolades. He often asks Yuka for her opinion about things outside her area of expertise, and he communicates that he finds her to be a smart, capable person. As a result, Yuka has no qualms about staying late and taking on extra duties. Which of the following is most likely true about Yuka's understanding about Oliver and her job responsibilities?

She has an emotional connection to Oliver and feels theirs is a mutually beneficial relationship.

Heuristics

Simple, efficient rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions more easily.

59. (p. 38) Don always maintains a good attitude with coworkers even when the department goes through tough times. Don's behavior is an example of: A. helping. B. courtesy. C. sportsmanship. D. civic virtue. E. boosterism.

Sportsmanship involves maintaining a good attitude with coworkers, even when they've done something annoying or when the unit is going through tough times.

Differentiate between spatial and perceptual abilities. Describe types of jobs that may require each of these abilities.

Spatial ability relates to capabilities associated with visual and mental representation and manipulation of objects in space. Perceptual ability refers to being able to perceive, understand, and recall patterns of information.

S.M.A.R.T

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results Based, and Time sensitive

Which of the following is true about goal setting?

Specific, difficult goals are better for motivating employees.

Interpersonal citizenship behaviors include helping, courtesy, and _____

Sportsmanship

Felicia is an experienced lab technician, but at the moment she is not working in the lab. She is reviewing a list of activities associated with her job and rating them in terms of their importance. Most likely, Felicia is a

Subject matter expert involved in a job analysis.

10. Noise increases the effort that communicators need to exert to make the communication process work.

TRUE

Zelda is reading a job posting for an accountant's position at a local office. The advertisement mentions preparing, examining, and analyzing accounting records for accuracy and completeness as job responsibilities for the position. This job description refers to:

Task Performance

Employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces are referred to collectively as

Task performance

The explicit obligations that an employee must fulfill to receive compensation and continued employment are referred to as

Task performance

Repeated uses of coercive power could actually decrease organizational commitment levels.

True

truthfulness

The ____ rule requires that the decision-making procedures and outcomes that the authorities explain to employees are honest and candid

comparison other

The ________ is the person who provides an intuitive frame of reference for judging equity.

98. (p. 49) Which of the following is NOT an element of GE leadership according to Jack Welch's vitality curve? A. High energy levels B. The edge to make tough yes-and-no decisions. C. Ability to energize others D. Desire to emulate E. Ability to consistently execute and deliver on their promises

The four E's of GE Leadership include high energy levels, the edge to make tough yes-and-no decisions, ability to energize others and ability to consistently execute and deliver on their promises.

Which of the following statements about the O*NET is false? A. It captures the "numerous small decisions" that separate the most effective organizations from their competitors. B. It is an online database. C. It is involved in figuring out the important tasks for a given job. D. It includes the characteristics of most jobs in terms of tasks. E. It includes the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform a task.

The online database O*NET includes the characteristics of most jobs in terms of tasks, the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform the task. This helps in identifying the important tasks of a given job, which is the first step in job analysis.

________ is defined as a collection of assertions that specify how and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should and should not be related.

Theory

87. (p. 42) Which of the following is false about counterproductive behaviors? A. People who engage in one form of counterproductive behavior also tend to engage in other forms of counterproductive behavior. B. Counterproductive behavior is relevant to any job. C. There is a strong positive correlation between task performance and counterproductive behavior. D. Counterproductive behaviors tend to represent a pattern of behavior rather than isolated incidents. E. Sometimes the best task performers are the ones who can best get away with counterproductive actions.

There is only a weak negative correlation between task performance and counterproductive behavior.

Which of the following are true of authorities considered benevolent?

They are concerned about employees' well-being They are loyal to their employees They care for employees

Just a week into their new jobs in the marketing and advertising division of a cell phone company, Alexa, Nigel, and Laraine were given the task of creating an advertising campaign for the company's new phone. Alexa and Nigel are having a lot of trouble coming up with anything creative, so when Laraine volunteers to take over, they readily agree. Although they know little about Laraine's skills in this area, they believe she will do a good job. Which of the following is true with regard to Alexa and Nigel?

They have a high degree of disposition-based trust.

Meyer Briggs Type Indicator

This instrument was originally created to test a theory of psychological types advanced by the noted psychologist Carl Jung.

Migger briggs

This instrument was originally created to test a theory of psychological types advanced by the noted psychologist Carl Jung.

A reliable measurement generates consistent results.

True

Disposition-based trust depends on the trustor's propensity to trust.

True

When performing routine tasks, employees behave in habitual or programmed ways.

True

Withdrawal behavior is a set of actions employees perform to avoid the work situation

True

Which of the following statements is true with regard to trust, justice, and ethics?

Trust in authorities like the management in a firm depends on two factors: justice and ethics.

justice and ethics

Trust in authorities like the management in a firm depends on which two factors?

Which of the following is true with regard to trust propensity?

Trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture.

Consensus

Used by decision makers to attribute cause, whether other individuals behave the same way under similar circumstances

consensus

Used by decision makers to attribute cause, whether other individuals behave the same way under similar circumstances.

Which of the following is true regarding value-percept theory?

Value-percept theory describes the central characteristics of intrinsically satisfying jobs.

Rules of Procedural justice are...

Voice Correctability bias suppression representativeness accuracy

The Morning Muffin is a family-run baking company. It specializes in custom-made cakes, turnovers, croissants, muffins, and pies. Younger family members have learned the value of attention to detail when creating a new recipe by observing the praise given to bakers who exhibit this level of attention. Those who now exhibit close attention to detail while creating recipes have learned through

Vicarious experiences.

When employees use too many materials or too much time to do too little work, this is ___ deviance

Wasting resources, production deviance

cognition-based

When trust is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness, it is called ______ trust

the authority's track record

Which of the following drives cognition-based trust?

moral identity

____ is defined as the degree to which a person see himself as a 'moral person'

ability

a dimension of trustworthiness, defined as the skills, competencies, and areas of expertise, that enable an authority to be successful in some specific context.

At Sound & Light, a store that sells computers, stereos, and accessories, the sales team has monthly evaluations, and the top five performers receive bonuses. This is an example of

a fixed interval schedule.

Describe the personality types from Holland's RIASEC model. (6 personality types )

a. realistic b. investigative c. artistic d. social e. enterprising f. conventional

Which of the following occurs when an employee is assaulted or endangered such that physical and psychological injuries may occur?

abuse

________ occurs when an employee is assaulted or endangered in such a way that physical and psychological injuries may occur

abuse

A strong desire to achieve task-related goals as a means of expressing personality is known as _____. status striving value striving accomplishment striving curiosity power striving

accomplishment striving

Conscientious people prioritize: power striving. communion striving. status striving. accomplishment striving. curiosity.

accomplishment striving

virtue of ethics

according to the specific principle of ____, an act is considered to be morally right if it allows the decision maker to lead a 'good life' by adhering to virtues like wisdom, honesty, courage, friendship, mercy, loyalty, modesty, and patience

In some ways, Colin is not a very good manager. He can be disorganized and flaky, and he often foists his own job responsibilities off onto others. However, his staff love him because he has a lot of personal charm and lets them do things like bring their pets to work. Colinâs staff displays ______-based trust in him.

affect

Yusuf is a pediatrician who is passionate about helping children with difficult medical conditions. He also volunteers at a free clinic during the weekend. Judging from this, which of the following work value categories would be important for him?

altruism

cognitive moral development

argues that as people age and mature, they move through various stages of moral development

social exchange

as trust increases between employees and their authorities, ____ relationships develop that are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long-term in their repayment schedule

The first step in the behavioral modeling process involves ________ processes.

attentional

cognition based trust is driven by the

authority's track record.

Claire has built her company by giving special attention to details. She is highly meticulous and demanding and often imposes her decisions on subordinates. Claire makes use of the ________ style of decision making.

autocratic

Albert is the manager of a large retail store. He has the authority to appoint employees in the store. The store does not have a specialized human resource executive and Albert himself conducts selection interviews. Albert has not received any training on selection and recruitment. This often leads to selection errors. Albert does not prepare in advance for interviews. He asks questions that come to his mind easily during interviews. This indicates _____. social identification bandwagon effect projection bias self-fulfilling prophecy availability bias

availability bias

The tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is easier to recall refers to the: self-fulfilling prophecy. availability bias. bandwagon effect. environmental bias. projection bias.

availability bias

Wes's employer has established a course of learning for him. From the standpoint of organizational behavior, this is particularly important because learning will help him to

become a better decision maker.

________ does not always result in positive outcomes for the organization. Employees who witness other employees not being punished for leaving early, taking long lunch breaks, and taking supplies home may engage in the same counterproductive activities. Goal orientation Behavioral modeling Continuous reinforcement Production processes Selective perception

behavioral modeling

The _____ approach uses critical incidents to create a measure that can be used to evaluate employee performance.

behaviorally anchored rating scales

stressful demands that are perceived as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievements, are called:

challenge stressors

true learning only occurs when

changes in behavior become relatively permanent

As a project manager with a great deal of training in decision making, Alex is to be taken seriously when he tells his subordinates, "We're in a crisis situation." He is referring to a(n)

circumstance that requires educated minds to address, because intuition alone will not prove adequate.***

Which of the following types of employees possesses high commitment and low task performance but performs many of the voluntary "extra-role" activities that are needed to make the organization function smoothly

citizens

_______________ describes voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place.

citizenship behavior

In the case of _____-based trust, we rationally evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of an authority along the dimensions of ability, integrity, and benevolence.

cognition

In the case of _____ trust, we rationally evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of an authority along the dimensions of ability, integrity, and benevolence. cognition-based emotion-based mentor-based affect-based disposition-based

cognition based

When trust is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness, it is called ______ trust.

cognition-based

authority's track record

cognition-based trust is driven by the:

_____ reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality. Accomplishment striving Attainment striving Power striving Status striving Communion striving

communion striving

____ are groups of employees who work together and learn from one another by collaborating over an extended period of time. Attribution anchors Communities of practice Internal advocates Control moderators Heuristics developers

communities of practice

The ________ is the person who provides an intuitive frame of reference for judging equity.

comparison other

Larry is a commercial financial analyst but wants to become a commercial lender, so he engages in self-directed learning, seeks out feedback from his managers, and manages his own workload. Larry is attempting to build his own _____. impact meaningfulness competence instrumentality valence

competence

Which of the following attributes have been identified as some of the worst behaviors exhibited by coworkers?

complaining about anything and everything

Melissa was reading her slam book from junior high, in which most of her friends described her as a dependable and reliable individual. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes Melissa. openness to experience introversion conscientiousness agreeableness neuroticism

conscientiousness

The scenario below is a review that some of the employees at The Pulse, an HR company, received after a 360 degree feedback. Jack, who was being considered for a promotion, was described as someone who is eager to learn and innovate. Alex was appreciated for his meticulous and organized work and was the one the team could depend on during crunch time. Isabelle's ability to be cooperative, accommodating, and sociable to customers who had grievances, was well acknowledged in the feedback. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes Alex. conscientiousness introversion agreeableness extraversion neuroticism

conscientiousness

Big Five Dimensions

conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience

Big 5 Personality Traits

conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion (CANOE)

which of the following are among the rules of procedural justice?

consistency bias suppression correctability voice

Organizations use four specific consequences to modify employee behavior. They are known as: climates of transfer. communities of practice. attribution biases. heuristics. contingencies of reinforcement.

contingencies of reinforcement

31. Lamar works for the United Bank at Madison. He feels overworked and dislikes his job, but he cannot quit because he needs the job to repay his college loans. What type of commitment does Lamar have

continuance commitment

Research has shown that trust does not have a positive correlation with _____. A. normative commitment B. continuance commitment C. task performance D. affective commitment E. job performance

continuance commitment

Which of the following is one of the three types of organizational commitment that focuses on personal and family issues more than the other two commitment types?

continuance commitment

Fulfilling the legal component of corporate social responsibility suggests that the organization has reached the _____ of moral development. A. preoperational level B. postconventional level C. preconventional level D. conventional level E. principled level

conventional level

Fulfilling the legal component of corporate social responsibility suggests that the organization has reached the _____ of moral development. postconventional level preoperational level preconventional level conventional level principled level

conventional level

_____ is a perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society. Consequentialist egoism Predicted outcome value theory Rational choice and responsibility Social exchange theory Corporate social responsibility

corporate social responsibility

defined as employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment

counterproductive behavior

An artist, Martel is known for his bright canvases awash in extraordinary color combinations. His pieces bring tens of thousands of dollars at auction, and this allows him to pay the salary of assistants, such as Brendan. An aspiring young painter, Brendan mixes paints, cleans brushes, and maintains the inventory of art supplies in Martel's studio. The difference between their two positions is best described in organizational terms by saying that Martel's work involves ______ task performance.

creative task performance, whereas Brendan's is primarily concerned with routine

Jamie, Patrick, and Lori have just finished their team's project and are waiting for their supervisor's feedback. Patrick has been mostly unengaged and quiet ever since the project started. While this was not his best work, neither was his work bad. His mood would be categorized as

deactivated.

Justice reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's

decision making

Under management by objectives (MBO), employees meet with their manager in order to:

develop a set of mutually agree-upon objectives that are measurable and specific

Under Management by objectives (MBO), employees meet with their manager in order to

develop a set of mutually agreed-upon objectives that are measurable and specific

Under management by objectives (MBO), employees meet with their manager in order to:

develop a set of mutually agreed-upon objectives that are measurable and specific.

The scientific study of how people *tend* to act when presented with a moral problem or dilemma is known as ____ ethics

descriptive

An authority makes a moral judgement only after

determining a moral situation exists

an authority makes a moral judgment only after

determining a moral situation exists

Raj has a strongly collaborative style of conflict resolution, which will prove especially helpful for him in situation where

different perspectives might help arrive at a better alternative.

Leslie in as administrative manager with a number of exciting new ideas about how to change organizational procedures and run the company more efficiently. However, she soon ran into opposition from company leadership, who insisted that she stick with policies adopted several decades earlier. This indicates a low degree of ________, which limits Leslie's ability to influence others.

discretion

Abigail was abandoned as an infant and later went to school in a district with a great deal of gang activity where she seldom felt safe. Abigail is not likely to demonstrate ______ trust. A. justice-based B. cognitive-based C. disposition-based D. affect-based E. organizationally based

disposition-based

Kathryn was bullied as a child and later married a man who lied and stole money from her. Kathryn is not likely to demonstrate ______ trust.

disposition-based

When employees evaluate outcomes such as pay, rewards, and promotions to determine whether they are allocated using proper norms, they are applying the _____ type of justice.

distributive

Which of the following terms refers to the work and nonwork forces that bind us to our current employer?

embeddedness

The traits of high conscientiousness and low agreeableness are linked to leader

emergence.

A supervisor appears understanding and empathizes with his subordinates when they experience work-related stress. In this example, the supervisor is providing ________ support.

emotional

Unlike other forms of trust, affect-based trust is primarily

emotional

A supervisor appears understanding and empathizes with his subordinates when they experience work related stress

emotional support

As he labors at his keyboard, Antonio is discovering on negative consequence of the rise in jobs that involve knowledge works. This negative consequence is most likely the fact that

employees may have an unrealistic expectation about the speed at which employees can complete tasks

economic exchange

employees who do not trust their authorities have ____ relationships that are based on narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations

As he labors at his keyboard, Antonio is discovering one negative consequence of the rise in jobs that involve knowledge work. This negative consequence is most likely the fact that....

employers may have unrealistic expectations about the speed at which employees can complete tasks

Bobbi invests a great deal of energy in her job. She focuses closely, finds her tasks so interesting that she loses track of time, and takes a lot of initiative. Bobbi demonstrates a high level of ___________.

engagement.

Personality traits are a function of both your: values and beliefs. culture and beliefs. beliefs and environment. genes and perceptions. environment and genes.

environment and genes

personality traits are a function of both your

environment and genes

_____ theory acknowledges that motivation doesn't just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances but also what happens to other people. Equity Goal setting Psychological empowerment Expectancy Extrinsic

equity

An active, destructive response by which an individual either ends or restricts organizational membership is referred to as :

exit

An active, destructive response by which an individual either ends or restricts organizational membership is referred to as:

exit

Annalise worked with Perry five years ago at a different company, and they had constant personality clashes. Annalise is a team player who prizes loyalty to the team above individual accomplishments. She has been unhappy at Axon for some time and has been considering sending out her CV to other companies. However, when she discovers that Perry is joining the team, she turns in her resignation. Annalise's response is best described as an example of....

exit

The two types of personal power are ________ power.

expert and referent

Evaluating an employee's performance based on results alone provides the best picture of which employees are worth more to an organization true or false

false

T/F: An effective way for organizations to foster affective commitment is through improving salary and benefits packages.

false

__ consists of updates on employee progress toward goal attainment. Goal commitment Feedback Self-efficacy Instrumentality

feedback

Unicoi Inc., a Brazilian sports manufacturer, is known as a company that focuses on improving its customers' quality of life. In the context of the Hofstede's dimensions, the cultural dimension _____ best describes Unicoi Inc. short-term orientation high power distance femininity individualism uncertainty avoidance

femininity

Jerry and his brother Joe both work in manufacturing plants, but Jerry gets a regular paycheck, whereas Joe is paid according to the number of items he produces. The difference between the way that Jerry gets paid and the way Joe gets paid is the difference between ______ schedules.

fixed interval and fixed ratio

Denise is a freelance writer who works with a number of clients. She used to charge by the hour, but she has now switched to charging by the page. In other words, she has moved from a ______ schedule.

fixed interval to a fixed ratio

work life balance initiative

flexible and limited work time, job sharing, telecommuting, personal leave, childcare support

The difference between apprising and rational persuasion is that apprising

focuses on benefits to the target rather than benefits to the group or organization.

conventional level

follow rules and laws and earn the approval of others

principled level

follow universal principles and protect individual rights

Examples of physiological needs are:

food, safety, and shelter.

_____ is defined as the degree to which a person accepts a goal and is determined to try to reach it. Goal commitment Task complexity Feedback Self-efficacy Instrumentality

goal commitment

Serious Interpersonal counterproductive behaviors include

harassment

________ occurs when employees are subjected to unwanted physical contact or verbal remarks from a colleague

harassment

A person with high job satisfaction will tend to have ________ life satisfaction.

high

Pamela's sales have been slipping for the last four quarters, but this has not adversely affected her performance ratings. As her boss, Paul, observes, "Things are tough all over, and especially in that northeastern territory where she's working. I do not think anybody else could have done any better, given the same situation." This indicates ______ attribution.

high consensus resulting in an external

When a worker comes late to the work site, others are likely to make an external attribution under conditions of

high consensus, high distinctiveness, and low consistency.

When employees have higher levels of trust in authorities, they have

higher levels of task performance

when employees have high level of trust in authorities, they have

higher levels of task performance

stressful demands that are perceived as hindering progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment are called

hinderance stressors

23. When job performance evaluation time rolls around, Michael always comes out ahead of his coworkers, but his success comes at a price. He has been known to give his supervisors negative (and sometimes untrue) information about his coworkers, and when it looks as though someone else may be about to get a better job performance evaluation, bad things tend to happen to that person, such as lost paperwork and missed meetings due to deleted calendar appointments. In terms of organizational behavior and the principles of job performance evaluations, it is clear that

his supervisors' emphasis on results has created an environment in which an employee might use unethical behavior to get ahead.

Ethics can be defined as

how well one's actions fit in with generally accepted moral standards

Which of the following takes the theories and principles studied in OB and explores the "nuts and bolts" applications of those principles in organizations?

human resource management

The scientific method requires that theories be used to inspire ____________.

hypotheses

affect-based

in the case of ____ trust, our trust arises mostly from the emotional feelings we have for the authority

44. As the level of task interdependence ________, members must spend ________ amounts of time communicating and coordinating with other members to complete tasks.

increases; increasing

with the increasing popularity of the internet, maintaining a company's reputation has become

increasingly difficult

According to the __________ model of withdrawal, various withdrawal behaviors are uncorrelated with one another, occur for different reasons, and fulfill different needs on the part of employees.

independent forms

The perceived fairness of the *communication* provided to employees from authorities is called ____ justice

informational

A person who "tells it how it is" demonstrates the dimension of trustworthiness known as

integrity

_____ is defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable. Ability Integrity Abusive supervision Benevolence Competence

integrity

a person who "tells it how it is" demonstrates the dimension of trustworthiness known as

integrity

An authority's commitment to the moral course of action can be described as the authority's moral ____

intent

An authority's commitment to the moral course of an action can be described as the authority's moral __

intent

Larson, a first-line supervisor at Lou's Market, regularly uses abusive and derogatory words when dealing with his subordinates. Many employees have also heard Larson refer to specific employees with inappropriate labels ridiculing their ethnicity, names, or weaknesses. From the scenario, it can be concluded that workers at Lou's lack ________ justice.

interpersonal

_____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities. Interpersonal Procedural Informational Distributive Utilitarian

interpersonal

_______________ is the type of citizenship behavior that benefits coworkers and colleagues and involves assisting, supporting, and developing other organizational members in a way that goes beyond normal job expectations.

interpersonal

Bryan McPhelps, a first-line supervisor at Little Toys, regularly uses abusive and derogatory words when dealing with his subordinates. Many employees have also heard Bryan refer to specific employees with inappropriate labels ridiculing their ethnicity, names, or weaknesses. From the scenario, it can be concluded that workers at Little Toys lack _____. informational justice restorative justice distributive justice procedural justice interpersonal justice

interpersonal justice

Donnell is a computer programmer whose job performance rating notes the fact that he often goes out to the parking lot and sits in his car during lunch hour. He is otherwise sociable and never late coming back from lunch; therefore, this is not an appropriate item to include on his job performance rating because it

is not a behavior relevant to the accomplishment of organizational goals.

In their evaluation of his performance as a trainer in the sales department of Ogilvy Pharmaceuticals, Jeremy's supervisors look at such factors as the amount of time he spends with each of his trainees, his coverage of all key points in training, his success rate in turing out trained salespeople within the amount of time allotted, and so forth. In other words, Jeremy's supervisors are evaluating his_______.

job performance

In their evaluation of his performance as a trainer in the sales department of Ogilvy Pharmaceuticals, Jeremy's supervisors look at such factors as the amount of time he spends with each of his trainees, his coverage of all key points in training, his success rate in turning out trained salespeople within the amount of time allotted, and so forth. In other words, Jeremy's supervisors are evaluating his

job performance

Which of the following is a primary individual outcome of interest to organizational behavior researchers according to the integrative model?

job performance

________ is the value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute either positively or negatively, to an organizational goal accomplishment

job performance

people who experience higher levels of challenge stressors tend to have higher levels of:

job performance

trust propensity

it is argued that ____ represents a sort of 'faith in human nature'

Which of the following captures the specific actions that leaders take to influence others at work?

leader styles and behaviors

which of these reflects relatively permanent changes in an employees knowledge or skill that result from experience

learning

When an individual has a _____, building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence. projection bias negative reinforcement performance orientation learning orientation productivity bias

learning orientation

Building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence when a person has a(n) __________________________.

learning orientation.

As manager and team leader, Sandra calls her subordinates together and says, "Okay, this week I'll need each of you to work a few extra hours because we need to get out those brochures that were back-ordered." She is exercising her ________ power.

legitimate

The three types of organizational power are ________ power.

legitimate, reward, and coercive

Kevin works for Outrageous Burger, a nationwide fast-food chain, but his job does not involve flipping patties or making fries. Instead, he is sitting before a computer screen in the company's corporate offices, writing something. "Place the two halves of the bun in the counter," one line reads, "then add enough shredded lettuce to cover the bottom bun to a depth of not more than 0.25 inches." In all likelihood, Kevin is writing a...

list of core job tasks for a detailed job analysis

Kevin works for Outrageous Burger, a nationwide fast-food chain, but his job does not involve flipping patties or making fries. Instead, he is sitting before a computer screen in the company's corporate offices, writing something. "Place the two halves of the bun on the counter," one line reads, "then add enough shredded lettuce to cover the bottom bun to a depth of not more than 0.25 inches." In all likelihood, Kevin is writing a

list of core job tasks for a detailed job analysis

Which of the following is not a "dimension" of the big five taxonomy? Openness to experience Neuroticism Extraversion Locus of control Conscientiousness

locus of control

Which of the following is not a dimension of the Big Five taxonomy?

locus of control

___ reflects whether people attribute the causes of events to themselves or to the external environment

locus of control

_____ reflects whether people attribute the causes of events to themselves or to the external environment. Ethnocentrism Zero acquaintance Locus of control Differential reactivity Differential exposure

locus of control

One model of attribution processes suggests that when people have a level of familiarity with the person being judged, they'll use a more detailed decision framework. According to this model, a person's behavior will be attributed to internal factors if there is:

low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency.

According to the resource-based view of organizations, people are inimitable because they

make many small decisions that cannot be replicated by other organizations.

One of the suggested guidelines for using coercive power is to

make sure the punishment fits the nature of the lack of compliance.

39. Nominal group technique decreases social loafing and production blocking—problems with brainstorming—by

making people write down ideas on their own.

Karabo works at United Causes International. Her job requires her to spend eight hours a day entering donor information on Excel spreadsheets. Karabo's job is characterized by

low variety.

"Citizens" are one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. "Citizens" are likely to respond to negative events with ___________ because they may not have the credibility needed to inspire change but possess the desire to remain a member of the organization.

loyalty

Dallas, a project manager at Stars Inc., was the man behind the company's shift to a new culture that focused on being assertive with their clients. In the context of the Hofstede's dimensions, the cultural dimension _____ best describes Stars Inc. uncertainty avoidance masculinity low power distance short-term orientation collectivism

masculinity

Karen is a senior manager at The American Bank. A good part of her workday is spent in meetings with clients, subordinates at the bank, prospective customers, and the auditors. Though Karen has such a busy schedule, she manages to find time for her equally important meetings with the PETA foundation. Karen's commitment can be classified under which of the following concepts of psychological empowerment? Competence Impact Expectancy Meaningfulness Self-determination

meaningfulness

The psychological state that reflects the degree to which work tasks are viewed as something that "counts" in the employee's system of philosophies and beliefs is known as

meaningfulness of work

"M" in the S.M.A.R.T. goals stands for: major. model. methodical. measurable. monetary.

measurable

26. Teams differ from groups because

members of teams have a specific task-related purpose, while groups do not.

Ji-woo is interested in the effects of the choice of reward on employee motivation. She knows that there have been several studies done on this subject and compares their results looking for an average correlation. Ji-woo is conducting a

meta-analysis

Riku, an HR manager, believes that his implementation of HR practices in the company is impeccable because he received the inputs for these practices from the CEO himself. Which of the following philosophies is he relying on?

method of authority

What methods suggests that people hold firmly to some belief because some respected official, agency, or source has said it is so?

method of authority

Which of the following methods suggests that people hold firmly to some belief because it is consistent with their own observations?

method of experience

The first step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is _____. A. moral intent B. moral judgment C. moral awareness D. ethical behavior E. moral identity

moral awareness

The first step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is _____. moral awareness moral intent moral identity moral judgment ethical behavior

moral awareness

Which of the following is a feature of moral development at the preconventional stage? Right versus wrong is referenced to a set of defined, established moral principles. Right versus wrong is referenced to the expectations of one's family and one's society. Concepts such as doing one's duty and maintaining the social order come to be valued for their own sakes. Morality is practiced to avoid punishment regardless of any concern about moral order. People come to emphasize the laws, rules, and orders that govern society.

morality is practiced to avoid punishment regardless of any concern about moral order

The set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee, initiates work-related effort, and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence is known as: motivation. job satisfaction. job performance. organizational commitment. leadership.

motivation

The Big Five dimension neuroticism is synonymous with _____. conscientiousness openness to experience extraversion collectivism negative affectivity

negative affectivity

The Big Five-dimension known as neuroticism is synonymous with:

negative affectivity

____ occurs when an unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior

negative reinforcement

Apathetics tend to respond to negative events with ____________ because they are low performers who lack marketable skills and who do not have a high enough level of organizational commitment needed to engage in acts of citizenship.

neglect

Which of the following terms refers to a passive, destructive response in which interest and effort in the job decline?

neglect

A study shows that the high turnover rate at a company is only caused by the domineering attitude of a middle manager. What criteria of casual inference does this example show?

no alternative explanation exists for the correlation

now, complex, and unrecognized situations call for:

non programed decisions

A desire to remain a member of an organization due to a feeling of obligation is called ________ commitment.

normative

Hector works as an assistant coach for the Boise Geysers in the US Basketball Association. Recently, he was offered the position of head coaching duties with the Boulder Mountain Goats. Though their offer was very attractive, and it would have been a huge career move for Hector, he declined the offer. He felt it was with Geysers that he had learned and developed as a coach and that staying with the team was the right thing to do. This is an example of _____________ commitment.

normative

What commitment exists when there is a sense that staying is the "right" or "moral" thing to do?

normative

If an employee is keeping relevant facts and events secret, they are

not being courteous, an interpersonal citizenship behavior.

Candace hopes to get a job with the U.S. Foreign Service, serving as a liaison between an overseas embassy and the local population. She has an uncanny ability with languages, but if she wants to function well in her dream job, she also needs to be

open-minded, flexible, and a good listener

Together with cognitive ability, _____ is a key driver of creative thought, as smart and open people excel at the style of thinking demanded by creativity. agreeableness conscientiousness neuroticism openness to experience extraversion

openness to experience

george is described by his friends as curious and imaginative. He is probably high on the trait of _____

openness to experience

_____ says that we learn by observing the link between our voluntary and behavior and the consequences that follow it:

operant conditioning

People with a performance-avoid orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that _______________________________.

others will not think poorly of them.

Managers in global organizations recognize that some motivators are universal; that is, they work no matter what the culture. Other motivators differ by culture. Which of the following is not a universal motivator? Participation Growth Achievement Pay Interesting work

participation

Kazue works in a department store. She has noticed that several of her coworkers avoid interacting with customers, take a lot of smoke breaks, and leave their sales areas messy and disorganized. When she discusses the situation with her manager, Rob, he says he will do something about it, but he does not. In fact, nothing changes until several customers file complaints in the space of a single week, at which point Rob takes disciplinary measures toward two of his employees. Rob is demonstrating

passive management-by-exeption

In organizational behavior research, a correlation of +1 between two variables is considered _____________.

perfect

The Container Store, a retailer based out of Texas, wants to increase the motivation of its employees. Which of the following examples would most likely achieve this?

performance-based incentive system

What system would most likely increase the motivation of employees because it would capture the energetic forces that drive employees' work effort?

performance-based incentive system

____ refer(s) to the structures and property inside a person that explain his or her emotions and behavior

personality

_____ refers to the structures and propensities inside a person that explain his or her characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior. Ethnocentrism Personality Ethnoburb Apophenia Perception

personality

Missing meetings is a form of __________ withdrawal.

physical

Mariel is in the market to buy a used car. Her friend Mika tells her that she should avoid City Motors. Mika's boyfriend bought his car there, and it breaks down constantly. Mariel talks to several other friends who agree with Mika. Their judgment reflects the fact that City Motors has

poor reputation.

43.Which of the following levels of cross-training involves team members observing how other members perform their roles?

positional modeling

Extraverted people tend to be high in: status striving. agreeableness. positive affectivity. conflict avoidance. neuroticism.

positive affectivity

In the 1960s, a popular ad stated that "Blondes have more fun!" This is an example of a(n)

positive correlation

Lupe is the assistant editor at the Voice of Today, an online publication. With recent increased readership, the editorial committee had decided to move up the deadline for article submissions to eight hours. This move was not welcomed by the junior writers and editors. Lupe, though unhappy with the decision, faces the problem head on and choses to cope by working faster and harder. This is an example of ________ coping.

problem-focused behavior

The perceived fairness of the process used in reaching decisions is known as _________ justice

procedural

the perceived fairness of the processes used in reaching decision is known as ____ justice

procedural

Safe Heaven Laboratories has a very liberal atmosphere where all employees are welcome to participate in the decision-making process. The company values the feedback and suggestions given by the employees who in turn are pleased that they are able to express their opinions freely. Which of the following dimensions of justice is the company promoting by giving its employees voice? Informational justice Procedural justice Interpersonal justice Distributive justice Retributive justice

procedural justice

____ are decisions that become somewhat automatic because peoples knowledge allows for a clear course of action

programmed

_____ decisions are decisions that become somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken. Unstructured Programmed Spontaneous Surface Indirect

programmed

The belief that others think, feel, and act the same way as you do refers to: anchoring effect. halo effect. projection bias. bandwagon effect. availability bias.

projection bias

There are two types of withdrawal within an organizational setting, and they are

psychological and physical.

Conrad is the manager of a large retail store. He has the authority to appoint employees in the store. The store does not have a specialized human resource executive and Conrad himself conducts selection interviews. He has not received any training on selection and recruitment. This often leads to selection errors. Conrad interviews people mainly to analyze if they have ability to address the latest problem that the store is facing. Identify the bias facing Conrad in this case. Anchoring Contrast Framing Recency Representativeness

recency

Noted for his flamboyant ties and his outspoken opinions, Billy is no ordinary vice president within the gigantic Mulray Corporation. Top management has identified him as one of the rising stars, and he has an enormously loyal following among the company's youngest and most energetic executives. Everyone, it seems, wants to be around Billy, who possesses a great deal of ________ power within the organization

referent

trust propensity

refers to a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon.

The last step of behavior modeling is: retention process. behavior assessment. attention process. reinforcement. production process.

reinforcement

Spatial ability

relates to capabilities associated with visual and mental representation

_____________ contracts are based on a broader set of open-ended and subjective obligations than _____________ contracts.

relational; transactional

______ is a work hinderance stressors that occurs from incompatible demands within a single role that a person may hold

role conflict

Well-known responses to normal job demands that occur in a predictable way are a part of

routine task performance

Linda has been hired by Doctor Patel to oversee a fast-paced, innovative medical office. It is a highly difficult, but well-paid job. Linda believes she has the skills and experiences to easily handle the task and improve the efficiency of the office. Linda's belief in her capabilities is known as

self-efficacy.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator evaluates individuals on the basis of all of these types of preferences except: judging versus perceiving. extraversion versus introversion. thinking versus feeling. short-term versus long-term orientation. sensing versus intuition.

short term versus long term orientation

33. A psychology class has been assigned an individual case study project as well as a group project. The members of the group will receive the same grade for the group project, but they will be graded separately for their individual projects. Drew, Ben, Donna, and Julia are members of one such group. Drew and Donna worked very hard on the group project. Ben and Julia, however, did not contribute much to the group project because they felt that Drew and Donna would manage to get good grades for it. Instead, they focused their efforts on their individual projects. Ben and Julia's behavior is an example of

social loafing.

one of the interpersonal citizenship behaviors is

sportsmanship

Extraverted people prioritize _____. value striving accomplishment striving communion striving attainment striving status striving

status striving

A(n) _____ occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group. stereotype projection bias bandwagon effect availability bias self-efficacy

stereotype

a psychological response to demands when there is something at stake copying with those demands exceeds our capacity

stress

48. New Day Investments is cutting its workforce in large numbers because of the current recession. The employees who still have their jobs are angered and depressed by the layoffs. They have lost the trust they had in management and are not sure if their futures are secure. They are facing the ________ syndrome.

survivor

_____ reflects how complicated the information and actions involved in a task are, as well as how much the task changes. Instrumentality Self-efficacy Goal commitment Feedback Task complexity

task complexity

Charles finds an advertisement for an accountant's position at a local office. The advertisement mentions preparing, examining, and analyzing accounting records for accuracy and completeness as job responsibilities of the position. This job description refers to:

task performance

Damita finds an advertisement for a bookkeeper position at a small business. The ad mentions handling accounts payable and accounts receivable, payroll, worker's compensation and unemployment insurance, and other financial matters related to the operation of the company. These items in the job description are all examples of

task performance

Employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces are referred to collectively as

task performance

If organizations find it impractical to use job analysis to identify the set of behaviors needed to define task performance, they can use

the Occupational Information Network.

Justice is defined as

the degree to which authority's decision making is considered fair

Selena sells luxury cars for a living, but in recent months her sales have slumped. This is partly due to an economic recession, which has led to a downturn in the market. In addition, Selena has been distracted by the fact that her mother has been in the hospital. As a result of her decline in sales, Selena recently received a bad job performance rating. Why would she have grounds to dispute this rating?

the economic downturn is a factor beyond her control

based on the dimensions of moral intensity, what is: concentration of effect

the extent to which consequences of the act are focused

concentration of effect

the extent to which consequences of the act are focused

based on the dimensions of moral intensity, what is: probability of effect

the likelihood that the act will occur or cause harm

probability of effect

the likelihood that the act will occur or cause harm

trust

the willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions is called_____.

trust

the willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions.

Tamara shows classic withdrawal behavior and is no longer performing her work tasks effectively. Her friends know she has very little organizational commitment. Tamara is likely

to quit.

personality is a collection of multiple ____

traits

Which of these occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job? Attribution anchoring Communities of practice Transfer of training Heuristics Illusion of control

transfer of training

Creative task performance is the degree to which individuals develop ideas or physical outcomes that are both novel and useful true or false

true

Sometimes the best task performers engage in counterproductive behavior true or false

true

T/F: A useful way to understand correlation between two variables is to look at a scatterplot.

true

T/F: Firms that undergo an IPO typically have shorter histories and need an infusion of cash to grow or introduce some new technology.

true

Which of the following statements is true with regard to trust, justice, and ethics? Trust in authorities like the management in a firm depends on two factors: justice and ethics. Reputation of a company is independent of how trustworthy and ethical its practices are. Relationships based on trust are completely free from risks and uncertainties. Ethics reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally mandated legal requirements; morals and norms are not a part of ethics. Justice reflects the actual degree of fairness of an authority's decision making.

trust in authorities like the management in a firm depends on 2 factors; justice and ethics.

It is argued that _____ represents a sort of "faith in human nature."

trust propensity

According to the principle of ________, an act is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people. A. ethics of duties B. egoism C. ethics of rights D. utilitarianism E. virtue ethics

utilitarianism

Nathan is defending his first place at the annual debate competition. Just minutes before his turn, Nathan gets cold feet and cannot remember his arguments. His teacher speaks to him which helps reinforce the lost confidence. Nathan delivered his best and defended his title. Which of the following considerations dictated Nathan's self-efficacy? Verbal persuasion Vicarious experiences Past accomplishments Instrumentality Equity distress

verbal persuasion

Employees consider _____ for a given task by taking into account their observations and discussions with others who have performed similar tasks. vicarious experiences past accomplishments instrumentality emotional cues verbal persuasion

vicarious experience

which moral principles judge the morality of an action solely on its intrinsic desirability

virtue ethics ethics of rights

Josh is a technological expert whose work with advanced broadband systems has made him one of the most high-profile figures at Takemodo Telecommunications, one of the world's leading technology companies. With his picture on the cover of magazines and his name popping up in blogs all over the Internet, Josh has a high degree of ________, which gives him influence over others.

visibility

cognition-based trust

when trust is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness, it is called:

explicit repayment schedule

which of the following is a feature of economic exchange relationships between organizations and employees?

Paul McEnroe became a household name after he reported the rampant use of sweatshop labor by a famous clothes and accessories company that he worked for. Following his allegations, the company had to pay several million dollars in penalties along with funding rehabilitation programs for the same group of laborers it had been exploiting a few months back. This scenario reflects McEnroe's act of _____.

whistleblowing

_____ is defined as the process by which employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their employer

whistleblowing

the requirements of work - in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities - tax or exceed the capabilities of the person

work complexity

Manuela, a writer of advertising copy, has been an overachiever throughout her career. She enjoys the intellectual stimulation she has at work. She feels her work allows her to use her creativity and artistic skills to their full potential. Which of the following work value categories is important to Manuela?

work itself

decision making

Justice reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's

Property deviance includes _____.

sabotage and theft

Legitimate, reward, and coercive power are derived primarily from a person's position within the organization.

True

Citizenship behaviors can be divided into the two main categories of: A. intrapersonal and organizational. B. interpersonal and intrapersonal. C. organizational and political. D. interpersonal and political. E. interpersonal and organizational.

Citizenship behavior is defined as voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place. Citizenship behavior is divided in to interpersonal and organizational behavior.

________ is a perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society.

Corporate social responsibility

abusive supervision

____ is defined as the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact

Pay is the strongest driver of overall job satisfaction.

False

If you are interested in distributive justice, you are interested in understanding which of the following?

Justice as it relates to work-related outcomes.

21. ________ is getting more from the team than you would expect according to the capabilities of its individual members.

Process gain

task complexity

Reflects how complicated the information and actions involved in a task.

88. (p. 44) There is _____ correlation between task performance and counterproductive behavior. A. a weak negative B. a weak positive C. a strong negative D. a strong positive E. no

There is only a weak negative correlation between task performance and counterproductive behavior.

Organizational citizenship behaviors benefit the larger organization by supporting and defending the company, working to improve its operations, and being especially loyal to it.

True

Interpersonal citizenship behaviors consist of all the following EXCEPT:

boosterism

Depth perception is the ability to:

judge relative distances between things accurately.

T/F: Moral identity is the extent to which an individual considers oneself to be a moral person.

true

T/F: Property deviance refers to behaviors that harm the organization's assets and possessions.

true

An active, constructive response to a negative work situation in which individuals attempt to improve the situation, is referred to as

voice.

Some people react to bad rules or policies by constructively trying to change them instead of passively complaining about them. This positive characteristic is known as

voice.

Adaptive task performance involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable.

True

Citizenship behavior is defined as voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded.

True

Civic virtue refers to keeping coworkers informed about matters that are relevant to them.

True

Collaboration is seen as a win-win form of conflict resolution.

True

Consultation occurs when the target is allowed to participate in deciding how to carry out or implement a request.

True

Continuance commitment tends to create more of a passive form of loyalty than affective commitment.

True

Affect-based trust is driven by the

trustor's feeling for the trustee

Creative Task Performance is the degree to which individuals develop ideas or physical outcomes that are both novel and useful. T/F

True

When authorities are perceived as benevolent, it means that they

care for employees, are concerned about their well-being, and feel a sense of loyalty to them.

conventional level

fulfilling the legal component of corporate social responsibility suggests that the organization has reached the ____ of moral development

A week ago, Manny wrecked a company car when another driver pulled out in front of him, and one he threw away about a hundred dollars' worth of perfectly good office supplies while clearing out an old storage cabinet. Yet his supervisors have not held either action against him. Why is this most likely the case?

These acts were unintentional and therefore are not considered counterproductive behavior.

Affect-based trust is driven by the __________________________________________________________.

trustor's feelings for the trustee.

The characteristics of a person that inspire our trust are known as that person's

trustworthiness

The characteristics or attributes of a person that inspire our trust are known as that person's ____

trustworthiness

The characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust are defined as one's

trustworthiness

50. The idea behind ________ is that team members can develop shared mental models of what is involved in each of the roles in the team and how the roles fit together to form a system.

cross-training

Jamarcus, a manager at the corporate headquarters of Shurway Shipping & Packing Supply, has just received a complaint about Wanda, a receptionist, having been rude a customer who called the office. After apologizing to the caller, Jamarcus asks Wanda to report to his office. Confronted with the situation, she says that she has been having a bad day and the caller was extremely rude to her. She apologizes and says she will not do it again. Jamarcus, knowing that Wanda has never had any negative interactions with clients in her ten years with the company, is inclined to believe that this particular caller was indeed rude, and he therefore takes no further action. This is an example of ______ attribution by Jamarcus.

****idk but it is NOT low consistency resulting in an internal

The concept of bounded rationality suggests that we are likely to

***idk but it is NOT develop an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions.

equality norm

The managers at Pulse, an HR firm, have noticed that the employees are not team players; they are focused on achieving individual goals and the management seeks to change this attitude of its employees. The company wants to create a reward system in which all group members would receive exactly the same grade regardless of their individual productivity levels to promote their ability to work effectively in groups. Which of the following allocation norms would you recommend for this purpose?

The legal component of corporate social responsibility argues the the law represents society's codification of right and wrong and must therefore be followed

T

4. A high degree of goal interdependence exists when team members have a shared vision of the team's goal and align their individual goals with that vision as a result.

TRUE

neuroticism

One of the "Big Five" dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous, and unstable.

Extraversion

One of the "Big Five" dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold and dominant.

In thinking of the contingencies of reinforcement, which of the following is most likely to INCREASE desired behavior?

Removing an unwanted outcome after performance of a desired behavior.

respect and propriety

Which of the following represent the two interpersonal justice rules?

In equity theory, the internal tension that is caused by an imbalance in the ratios is known as: equity distress. goal commitment. comparison other. expectancy. cognitive distortion.

equity distress

continuous reinforcement

The simplest schedule of reinforcement is:

Define and explain motivation and its forces.

(Motivation initiates work-related effort and it determines direction, intensity, and persistence. Job performance is dependent on motivation and ability. Some forces are internal to the employee such as self-confidence. Others external to the employee such as goals given to the employee from their boss.)

Applied Dynamic Systems, a large international technology provider, has just transferred Darrell to China. His supervisor has informed him that he will be involved in a knowledge transfer, which most likely means that

****idk but it is NOT Applied Dynamic Systems is engaged in a transfer of technology and other information to a Chinese corporation.

Juliet has just completed a twelve-week training course and now is back at work. Her boss should expect that she will be

***idk but it is NOT considerably better at her job and much more committed to staying with the firm than she was twelve weeks earlier.

Blaine's coworker, Tamika, has accused him of sexual harassment, but Blaine denies it. Though there is little evidence to support either person's claims, their supervisor, Yessi, is inclined to believe Tamika. She knows that Blaine had a DUI just a few years back, and he was once reprimanded for mismanaging company funds. Yessi's judgment is one of ______ attribution.

***idk but it is NOT low consensus resulting in an external

Kate's firm does marketing research studies for film production companies, and this week they showed carefully selected test audiences a soon-to-be released blockbuster called Love, Explosions, and Laughter. Afterward they presented participants with a series of questions, including one that asked them to rate their favorite movie of all time. Production company executives were thrilled to see that viewers rated Love, Explosions, and Laughter higher than such classics as Citizen Kane and The Wizard of Oz, but most likely the reason for this was a decision-making bias known as

***idk but it is NOT representiveness

_____ schedules reinforce behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited. - Continuous - Fixed interval - Variable interval - Fixed ratio - Variable ratio

- Fixed ratio

Which two forms of reinforcement deliver intended results without creating feelings of animosity and conflict? - Positive reinforcement and punishment - Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement - Negative reinforcement and extinction - Positive reinforcement and extinction - Negative reinforcement and punishment

- Positive reinforcement and extinction

Employees with higher levels of expertise may become more highly valued commodities on the job market, thereby reducing their levels of continuance commitment. - True - False

- True

Extinction occurs when there is the removal of a consequence following an unwanted behavior. - True - False

- True

Performance-avoid orientation is associated with high levels of anxiety and lower levels of learning. - True - False

- True

What are the two primary goals managers have for their employees?

- high levels of job performance - organizational commitment

Four I's of Transformational Leadership

1. Idealized influence 2. Inspirational motivation 3. Intellectual stimulation 4. Individualized consideration

Which of the following is an informational justice rule?

truthfulness

Embeddedness summarizes employees' links to their organization and community, their sense of fit with that organization and community, and what they would have to sacrifice for a job change.

True

Benevolence is defined as the perception that the authority

wants to aid the trustor.

Which of the following is a minor organizational counterproductive behavior?

wasting resources

Which of the following behaviors are forms of production deviance?

wasting resources and substance abuse

production deviance behaviors include

wasting resources and substance abuse

41. When employees use too many materials or too much time to do too little work, this is ________ deviance.

wasting resources, a form of production

When employees use too many materials or too much time to do too little work, this is ________ deviance.

wasting resources, a form of production

distributive

when evaluate outcomes such as pay, rewards, and promotions to determine whether they are allocated using proper norms, they are applying the ____ type of justice

need norm

when organizations protect new employees form committee assignments and other extra activities, so that they can get their careers off to a productive start, they are using the ____ type of allocation norms

benevolence

which of the following dimensions of trustworthiness is defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives?

For a leader, internalization is the best outcome of influence tactics.

True

In the integrative model, ability- which includes cognitive abilities, emotional skills, and physical abilities- is classified as a(n)

individual characteristic

22. According to the integrative model of organizational behavior, motivation, trust, justice, and ethics are

individual mechanisms.

37. Emilee is frequently hostile to other team members, cynical about the goals of the team and others' engagement in the project, and sometimes disagrees and stubbornly blocks progress "just because." Her behavior often leaves other team members feeling hopeless or tired. Emilee's behavior reflects a(n) ________ role.

individualistic

Behaviors that intentionally harm the organization's assets and possessions are referred to as: A. production deviance. B. political deviance. C. property deviance. D. personal aggression. E. organizational aggression.

C

Don always maintains a good attitude with coworkers even when the department goes through tough times. Don's behavior is an example of: A. helping. B. courtesy. C. sportsmanship. D. civic virtue. E. boosterism.

C

Donnell is a computer programmer whose job performance rating notes the fact that he often goes out to the parking lot and sits in his car during lunch hour. He is otherwise sociable and never late coming back from lunch; therefore, this is not an appropriate item to include on his job performance rating because it A) implies that he is doing something wrong by sitting in his car. B) relates to his task performance rather than his job performance. C) is not a behavior relevant to the accomplishment of organizational goals. D) demonstrates an undue focus on interpersonal citizenship behavior. E) concerns citizenship behavior rather than job performance.

C

Employees who feel a sense of _____ commitment tend to engage in more interpersonal and organizational citizenship behaviors, such as helping, sportsmanship, and boosterism. A. normative B. evaluative C. affective D. proactive E. continuance

C

Interpersonal citizenship behavior includes: A. voice. B. civic virtue. C. sportsmanship. D. boosterism. E. secrecy.

C

Mark, who is the HR manager at People's Pulse, wants to incorporate a new method of performance appraisal. He wants to introduce a system that clearly differentiates the good performers from the average and low performers. During the same period, the company is thinking about reducing its workforce because of financial constraints. The appraisal method should help management link employee performance to their compensation and retention level. Mark is looking for a method that would clearly state whom to fire and whom not to. Which of the following approaches should he adopt? A. Linear graph B. Behaviorally anchored rating scales C. Forced ranking D. Social networking systems E. Up-down approach

C

Natalie's acts of attending events on behalf of Healthy White, keeping abreast of dental regulations and business-related news during her personal time refers to: A. counterproductive behavior. B. boosterism. C. civic virtue. D. sportsmanship. E. voice.

C

Normative commitment from employees can result from all of these EXCEPT: A. personal work principles of employees'. B. organizational socialization. C. creating a feeling that the employee is in the organization's debt. D. increasing the organization's charitable activities. E. implementing a matrix structure in the organization.

C

The _____ model suggests that employees with fewer bonds will be most likely to quit the organization. A. social influence B. social impact C. erosion D. decay E. continuity

C

The electronic government database used to identify the set of behaviors needed to define task performance is known as the: A. behaviorally anchored ratings scale network. B. employment analysis network. C. occupational information network. D. task performance analysis network. E. job responsibilities network.

C

When employees perceive high levels of _____, they believe that decision outcomes are fair and that decision-making processes are designed and implemented in a fair manner.

justice

Which of the following represents the bulk of the service job growth in the United States? A. Maintenance workers B. Repair sheet metal workers C. Retail salespersons D. Construction industry laborers E. Production jobs

C

Which of the following types of employees possess high commitment and high performance and are held up as role models for other employees? A. Dogs B. Apathetics C. Stars D. Lone wolves E. Citizens

C

_______ describes voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place

Citizenship behavior

The talented employees who display high level of task performance but never seem to want to get involved in important decisions about the future of the company are most likely to be "_____." A. citizens B. dogs. C. apathetic. D. lone wolves. E. stars.

D

The value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute, either positively or negatively, to organizational goal accomplishment is known as _____. A. task identity B. task orientation C. job satisfaction D. job performance E. organizational commitment

D

Which of the following is wrong about job analysis? A. The first step in job analysis is to generate a list of all job activities. B. A subject matter expert is consulted regarding the frequency and importance of all job activities. C. Each activity is rated by subject matter experts, according to things like importance and frequency of the activity. D. Activities with the lowest ratings are used to define job responsibilities. E. Job analysis is used by many organizations to identify task performance behaviors.

D

Which of these is one of the conditions necessary to establish causal inferences?

The two variables are correlated.

Justice

Reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making.

More than half the total wages and salary in the United States are paid to employees who need to be creative as part of their jobs.

True

13. When employees engage in moonlighting, they use work time and resources to complete something other than their job duties, such as assignments for another job.

TRUE

Projection bias causes problems in decision making because it limits our ability to develop appropriate criteria for a decision and evaluate decisions carefully.

True

self efficacy

The belief that a person has the capabilities needed to execute the behaviors required for task success.

Instrumentality

The belief that successful performance will result in some outcomes.

Angry at his boss and coworkers, Jerome has booby-trapped the cartridges in the office printers so that ink will bleed all over each page. His behavior is an example of

sabotage, a type of property deviance.

Service jobs in which employees often have direct contact with customers are high in emotional labor.

True

T or F Adaptive task performance involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable.

True

T or F Forced ranking systems can force managers to give bad evaluations to good performers.

True

T or F Organizational citizenship behaviors benefit the larger organization by supporting and defending the company, working to improve its operations, and being especially loyal to it.

True

T or F Service work contexts place a greater premium on high levels of citizenship behavior and low levels of counterproductive behavior.

True

T or F Social networking sites and their applications can be used to monitor employee performance.

True

T or F: Sometimes the best task performers engage in counterproductive behavior

True

T/F Justice provides the behavioral evidence that employees need to determine trustworthiness

True

The legal component of corporate social responsibility argues that the law represents society's codification of right and wrong and must, therefore, be followed.

True

The rational decision-making model offers a step-by-step approach to making decisions that maximize outcomes by examining all available alternatives.

True

The strength of a correlation can be inferred from the "compactness" of its scatterplot.

True

Traits are more predictive of leader emergence than they are of leader effectiveness.

True

Transformational leaders heighten followers' awareness of the importance of certain outcomes while increasing their confidence that those outcomes can be achieved.

True

Adaptive task performance is crucial in today's global economy.

True

Of the five facets of value-percept theory, if job satisfaction had to increase to a large extent, which facet should be given high priority for improvement?

satisfaction with the work itself

Communication that is rude, impolite, discourteous, and lacking in good manners is

incivil

Equity Theory

you compare yourself to another person who provides an intuitive frame of reference for judging equity

Cyrus had a job interview. His friend Andy, asks him if they asked him clear purpose or veiled purpose questions.

**Clear purpose test** are asked about attitudes toward dishonesty Veiled purpose tests do not ask about dishonesty- more general personality questions

_____ occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group. - Availability bias - A stereotype - Projection bias - Selective perception - Self-serving bias

- A stereotype

Which of the following is a step in the bounded rationality decision making process? Refer To: Table 8-3 - Boil the problem down to something that is easily understood. - Evaluate all the alternatives simultaneously. - Pick the alternative that maximizes value. - Use accurate information to evaluate alternatives. - Develop an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions.

- Boil the problem down to something that is easily understood.

Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem. - True - False

- False

Which of the following correlations indicates a perfect statistical relationship between two variables?

1

"Citizens" is one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. "Citizens" are likely to respond to negative events with _____ because they may not have the credibility needed to inspire change but possess the desire to remain a member of the organization. A. loyalty B. exit C. neglect D. voice E. ignorance

A

"_____ commitment" is defined as a desire to remain a member of an organization because of an awareness of the costs associated with leaving it. A. Continuance B. Affective C. Associative D. Normative E. Situational

A

"_____" indicates an intentional desire on the part of the employee to look likes he/she is working, even when not performing work tasks. A. Looking busy B. Moonlighting C. Daydreaming D. Socializing E. Cyberloafing

A

A(n) _____ merely exerts the minimum level of effort needed to keep their jobs. A. apathetic B. citizen C. dog D. star E. lone wolf

A

According to the _____ model of withdrawal, various withdrawal behaviors are uncorrelated with one another, occur for different reasons, and fulfill different needs on the part of employees. A. independent forms B. compensatory forms C. progression D. normative E. nominal

A

An active, constructive response to a negative situation, in which individuals attempt to improve the situation, is referred to as _____. A. voice. B. neglect. C. loyalty. D. exit. E. honesty.

A

Ashton, another team member, called Sean and held a lunch meeting to express all the team members' concerns. He tried to reason with Sean to smooth things out before he formally joins the team. Ashton's reaction can be described as _____. A. voice B. neglect C. loyalty D. exit E. ignorance

A

Frank says that it is not worthwhile for him to leave like Mary because he is so close to getting his big promotion. He has put in the time and hard work for this promotion if he left for another company, he will not likely get this opportunity again. Frank is exhibiting: A. continuance commitment. B. affective commitment. C. evaluative commitment. D. normative commitment. E. associative commitment.

A

Mauve has been working as the creative head at Juno Designs for the past 10 years. Her growth at Juno has made her one of the finest designers in the field. Of late Mauve has been receiving several offers and inquiries from head hunters from other companies. Mauve feels that she should stay with Juno Designs because her retirement benefit increases during her later years of service as opposed to her initial years of service. This is an example of _____ commitment. A. continuance B. affective C. ethical D. normative E. associative

A

Miranda works for the United Bank at Madison. She feels over-worked and dislikes her job profile. But Miranda cannot quit because she needs the job to re-pay her education loan. What type of commitment does Miranda have? A. Continuance commitment B. Normative commitment C. Affective commitment D. Cognitive commitment E. Intuitive commitment

A

Organizational commitment should decrease the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with _____ or _____. A. exit; neglect B. loyalty; neglect C. neglect; voice D. exit; voice E. exit; loyalty

A

Teresa works in a chemical factory where her job involves inspecting containers of kerosene as they pass down the assembly line. She goes through a five-step process compliant with safety regulations laid down in the company manual, and she seldom has to think about her work. One day, however, a fire broke out on the line, and Teresa, who saw it before anyone else, grabbed an extinguisher just in time. Had she not acted quickly, the fire would have quickly spread, potentially resulting in widespread injuries and even death. In terms of organizational behavior, what is the best way to describe this situation? A) Normally, Teresa's job involves routine task performance, but this situation required adaptability. B) Usually, Teresa's job calls for routine task performance, but in this situation she had to be creative. C) Teresa's job is usually very routine, but on this occasion it became exciting. D) Teresa's job demands that she remain vigilant, but this time she needed to be extra-vigilant. E) On a typical day, Teresa's job requires adaptability, but this situation called for creative task performance.

A

The _____ model suggests that employees who have direct linkages with "leavers" will themselves become more likely to leave. A. social influence B. affective C. continuance D. decay E. social identity

A

There is _____ correlation between task performance and counterproductive behavior. A. a weak negative B. a weak positive C. a strong negative D. a strong positive E. no

A

Which of the following behaviors are forms of production deviance? A. Wasting resources and substance abuse B. Sabotage and theft C. Gossiping and incivility D. Harassment and abuse E. Interpersonal and organizational behaviors

A

Which of the following behaviors is a type of production deviance? A. Wasting resources and substance abuse B. Sabotage and theft C. Gossiping and incivility D. Harassment and abuse E. Interpersonal and organizational behaviors

A

Which of the following is an organizational citizenship behavior? A. Civic virtue B. Courtesy C. Representing self-interests in a positive way to the public D. Sportsmanship E. Behaviors that benefit employees with excess workloads

A

Which of the following occurs when employees are subjected to unwanted physical contact or verbal remarks from a colleague? A. Harassment B. Abuse C. Incivility D. Production deviance E. Boosterism

A

Which of the following statements about the O*NET is false? A. It captures the "numerous small decisions" that separate the most effective organizations from their competitors. B. It is an online database. C. It is involved in figuring out the important tasks for a given job. D. It includes the characteristics of most jobs in terms of tasks. E. It includes the required knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform a task.

A

_____ commitment exists when there is a sense that staying at a firm is the "right" or "moral" thing to do. A. Normative B. Evaluative C. Social D. Continuance E. Affective

A

_____ includes employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces. A. Task performance B. Citizenship behavior C. Counterproductive behavior D. Job orientation E. Organizational commitment

A

Which of the following is wrong about job analysis? A. The first step in job analysis is to generate a list of all job activities. B. A subject matter expert is consulted regarding the frequency and importance of all job activities. C. Each activity is rated by subject matter experts, according to things like importance and frequency of the activity. D. Activities with the lowest ratings are used to define job responsibilities. E. Job analysis is used by many organizations to identify task performance behaviors.

A job analysis consists of the following steps: listing all job activities; consulting with a subject matter expert regarding the frequency and importance of all job activities; rating these activities and using the ones with the highest values to define the job responsibilities.

_____ occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group.

A stereotype

Adaptability involves all of the following EXCEPT: A. handling work stress. B. solving problems creatively. C. handling emergencies. D. performing daily routine work. E. responding to unpredictable demands.

Adaptability involves handling work stress, solving problems creatively, handling emergencies, responding to unpredictable demands, and demonstrating interpersonal adaptability. Refer: Table 2-1

64. (p. 34) Dr. Doris contributes most directly to the business goals of the Family Dentistry through: A. creative task performance. B. routine task performance. C. interpersonal task performance. D. intrapersonal task performance. E. adaptive task performance.

Adaptive task performance or "adaptability" involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable. Dr. Doris responds to emergencies and performs duties on the spot. This is termed as adaptive task performance.

For a kindergarten teacher, assisting her students out of a smoke-filled elementary school is an example of _____. A. citizenship behavior B. routine task performance C. job dissonance D. counterproductive behavior E. adaptive task performance

Adaptive task performance, or more commonly "adaptability," involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable. It includes behaviors like handling emergencies, work stress etc.

_____ involves employee responses to job demands that are novel, unusual, or unpredictable. A. Job dissonance B. Adaptive task performance C. Counterproductive behavior D. Routine task performance E. Citizenship behavior

Adaptive task performance, or more commonly "adaptability," involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable. It includes behaviors like handling emergencies, work stress, etc.

Just a week into the job at the marketing and advertising division of a company, Alex, Neil, and John were given the task of creating an advertisement campaign for the company's new product. Alex and Neil had much trouble with the task and when John volunteered to take it up on their behalf, they readily agreed. Though they had no idea of John's skills in this area, they felt that John could be trusted to do a good job. John, who had done a paper on marketing while in college, reviewed numerous articles, studied the new product thoroughly, and came up with a campaign that received good reviews from his team leaders. Which of the following is true with regard to Alex and Neil? -Alex and Neil had high degree of disposition-based trust. -Alex and Neil share a mentor-protégé relationship with John at present. -Alex and Neil had used a rational assessment to arrive at the conclusion that John would do a good job with their assignment. -Alex and Neil had a high degree of trustworthiness to execute the job they were given. -Alex and Neil had a high degree of the abilities required for their job at present.

Alex and Neil had high degree of disposition-based trust

Akari accepted a position with Innovate Electronics because she knows the company is highly regarded. Which of the following work value categories does Akari's choice relate to?

status

Just a week into the job at the marketing and advertising division of a company, Alex, Neil, and John were given the task of creating an advertising campaign for the company's new product. Alex and Neil had much trouble with the task, and when John volunteered to take it up on their behalf, they readily agreed. Though they had no idea of John's skills in this area, they felt that John could be trusted to do a good job. John, who had done a paper on marketing while in college, reviewed numerous articles, studied the new product thoroughly, and came up with a campaign that received good reviews from his team leaders. Which of the following is true with regard to Alex and Neil? A. Alex and Neil had a high degree of trustworthiness to execute the job they were given. B. Alex and Neil had high degree of disposition-based trust. C. Alex and Neil used a rational assessment to arrive at the conclusion that John would do a good job with their assignment. D. Alex and Neil had a high level of the abilities required for their job at present. E. Alex and Neil share a mentor-protégé relationship with John at present.

Alex and Neil had high degree of disposition-based trust

60. (p. 39) Which of the following is false about interpersonal behavior? A. A team whose members have good interpersonal behavior is likely to have a positive team atmosphere. B. Interpersonal behavior is most important when employees work in small groups. C. Interpersonal behavior is most important when employees work in large groups. D. Behaviors that commonly fall under the "teamwork" heading are examples of interpersonal behavior. E. Team members with good interpersonal behavior tend to work toward achieving common goals.

Although interpersonal citizenship behavior is important in many different job contexts, it may be even more important in contexts in which employees work in small groups or teams. Also, team members with high interpersonal behavior work toward common goals, and create a positive team atmosphere.

high dispositioned-based trust

Although they know little about Laraine's skills in this area, they believe she will do a good job. Which of the following is true with regard to Alexa and Nigel?

Equity Distress

An internal tension that can only be alleviated by restoring balance to the ratios.

________ are usually the most accurate and most effective in assessing the job satisfaction of rank-and-file employees.

Attitude surveys

"Lone wolves" is one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. "Lone wolves" are likely to respond to negative events with _____. A. loyalty B. exit C. neglect D. voice E. ignorance

B

An active, destructive response by which an individual either ends or restricts organizational membership is referred to as _____. A. voice B. exit C. loyalty D. neglect E. ignorance

B

Candace hopes to get a job with the U.S. Foreign Service, serving as a liaison between an overseas embassy and the local population. She has an uncanny ability with languages, but if she wants to function well in her dream job, she also needs to be A) reliable, detail-oriented, and unchanging. B) open-minded, flexible, and a good listener. C) creative, fearless, and original. D) flamboyant, articulate, and irrepressible. E) easy to train and a good rule-follower.

B

Captive Minds, an entrepreneurial organization, started a monthly "Lecture Day." The journal is dedicated to the aspiring businessmen to put forth their business ideas in an open forum. Feedback is given through the company website, which can be viewed by all employees. Colleagues, managers, and peers can give their constructive feedback without revealing their identity. The employees welcomed this idea as they were able to give feedback without hurting anyone's ego. Which of the following systems has the management successfully implemented? A. Forced ranking method B. Social networking system C. Behaviorally anchored rating scale D. Citizenship system E. Task performance system

B

Charles finds an advertisement for an accountant's position at a local office. The advertisement mentions preparing, examining, and analyzing accounting records for accuracy and completeness as job responsibilities of the accountant's position. These job descriptions typically refer to: A. comprehension skills. B. task performance. C. counterproductive behavior. D. citizenship behaviors. E. organizational commitment.

B

Delux Services was celebrating its operations in over 17 countries. Linda, a junior HR assistant, was disinterested in attending this celebratory event. The senior HR managers overheard Linda asking her friends the reason for this party. Back at the office, after a review, it was found that Linda never attended any of the meetings with the local business heads. Her lack of interest and knowledge about the company would make her someone who displays _____. A. high self-esteem B. low civic virtue C. "A" player characteristics D. wasting resources E. positive boosterism

B

EuroOne, a mutual fund company is cutting its human resource in large numbers because of the recession. The employees who still have their jobs are angered and depressed by the happenings. They have lost the trust they had in the management and are not sure if their future is secure with EuroOne. The employees are facing the "_____ syndrome." A. outsourcing B. survivor C. decay D. erosion E. progression

B

Which of the following is one of the three types of organizational commitments that focuses on personal and family issues more than the other two commitment types? A. Evaluative commitment B. Continuance commitment C. Associative commitment D. Affective commitment E. Normative commitment

B

Natalie, Rose, and Charlet contribute most directly to the business goals of the Healthy White clinic through their: A. creative task performance. B. routine task performance. C. interpersonal task performance. D. intrapersonal task performance. E. adaptive task performance.

B

Perhaps the most widespread form of psychological withdrawal among white-collar employees is _____ using Internet, e-mail, and instant messaging access for their personal enjoyment rather than work duties. A. moonlighting B. cyberloafing C. satisficing D. socializing E. daydreaming

B

Sean was recently added to the marketing team at Axon International. He will be starting at the company in two weeks. Sean has had the reputation of being an expert in ad campaigns and catching the nerve of the target audience, however, he also has the reputation of not getting along with anyone. He doesn't care much about where and for whom he works but is primarily motivated to achieve goals for himself and beat his own records. Sean can be described as a(n) _____. A. star B. lone wolf C. citizen D. apathetic E. dog

B

Ted says "it's the CI's relaxed atmosphere and his best friends at CI that keeps him working there. Ted is exhibiting: A. continuance commitment. B. affective commitment. C. obligation-based commitment. D. normative commitment. E. skill-based commitment.

B

The _____ model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors negatively correlate with one another—that doing one means you're less likely to do another. The idea is that any form of withdrawal can compensate for, or neutralize, a sense of dissatisfaction, which makes the other forms unnecessary. A. independent forms B. compensatory forms C. progression D. normative E. nominal

B

The desire to remain a member of an organization due to emotional attachment to, and involvement with, an organization is called "_____ commitment." A. continuance B. affective C. evaluative D. normative E. associative

B

The management technique that assesses an employee's performance by directly assessing job performance behaviors is known as _____ A. behaviorally anchored rating scales. B. management by objectives. C. 360 degree feedback. D. behaviorally applicable rating scales. E. 180 degree feedback.

B

The three hygienists' interact with one another in a manner that reflects high levels of _____. A. boosterism B. interpersonal citizenship behavior C. routine task performance D. adaptive task performance E. centralized behavior

B

When employees engage in _____, they use work time and resources to complete something other than their job duties, such as assignments for another job. A. daydreaming B. moonlighting C. social loafing D. satisficing E. cyberloafing

B

Which of the following behaviors benefits coworkers and colleagues and involves assisting, supporting, and developing other organizational members in a way that goes beyond normal job expectations? A. Intrapersonal citizenship behavior B. Interpersonal citizenship behavior C. Organizational citizenship behavior D. Production citizenship behavior E. Political citizenship behavior

B

Which of the following is a type of serious interpersonal counterproductive behavior? A. Sabotage B. Harassment C. Incivility D. Gossiping E. Wasting resources

B

Which of the following is false about interpersonal behavior? A. A team whose members have good interpersonal behavior is likely to have a positive team atmosphere. B. Interpersonal behavior is most important when employees work in small groups. C. Interpersonal behavior is most important when employees work in large groups. D. Behaviors that commonly fall under the "teamwork" heading are examples of interpersonal behavior. E. Team members with good interpersonal behavior tend to work toward achieving common goals.

B

Which of the following performance appraisal systems refers to a philosophy that bases an employee's evaluations on whether the employee achieves specific performance goals? A. Behaviorally anchored rating scales B. Management by objectives C. 360 degree feedback D. Benchmarking E. Behavioral observation scales

B

Which of the following terms refers to the various people, places, and things that can inspire a desire to remain a member of an organization? A. focus of influence B. focus of commitment C. focus of attention D. focus of performance E. focus of dominance

B

Which of the following types of employees possess high commitment and low task performance but perform many of the voluntary "extra-role" activities that are needed to make the organization function smoothly? A. Stars B. Citizens C. Lone wolves D. Apathetics E. Dogs

B

_____ involves employee responses to job demands that are novel, unusual, or unpredictable. A. Job dissonance B. Adaptive task performance C. Counterproductive behavior D. Routine task performance E. Citizenship behavior

B

_____ reflects the tendency to arrive at work late, or leave work early. A. Daydreaming B. Tardiness C. Socializing D. Moonlighting E. Cyber loafing

B

_____ represents communication that is rude, impolite, discourteous, and lacking in good manners. A. Abuse B. Incivility C. Harassment D. Property deviance E. Gossiping

B

Which of the following is a step in the bounded rationality decision-making process?

Boil the problem down to something that is easily understood.

Tandy works in the legal department for SportCity, a chain of health clubs with a large regional office. In addition to performing the functions directly associated with her job, she goes out of her way to represent her department in companywide meetings, keeps up with announcements relevant to the legal department, and stays up to date on industry news related to SportCity. Her behavior is an example of

Boosterism

67. (p. 39) Charlet represents the organization in a positive way when out in public, away from the office, and away from work. What is she exhibiting? A. Voice B. Feminism C. Civic virtue D. Boosterism E. Political deviance

Boosterism means representing the organization in a positive way when out in public, away from the office, and away from work. Charlet exhibits boosterism by acting as the publicist of the dentistry.

"_____" contracts reflect employees' beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them. A. Cultural B. Transactional C. Psychological D. Normative E. Relational

C

trust makes employees less likely to engage in counterproductive behaviors

which of the following has been proven in research studying the impact of stress on performance and commitment?

As the manager of the local Express Package Services, a retail shipping facility, DeAnna is evaluating the employees who work at the counter. She looks at such factors as positive or negative customer comments about each employee, their sales relative to those of their coworkers, the amount of time they spend with each customer, and so forth. DeAnna is evaluating each of these employees in terms of their A) courtesy. B) citizenship behavior. C) job performance. D) counterproductive behavior. E) task performance.

C

Behavior that involves verbal hostility and physical altercations directed toward other employees is referred to as _____. A. boosterism B. incivility C. personal aggression D. sabotage E. political deviance

C

Paul, a ticket collector, performs his duty robotically every day. This refers to: _____. A. sportsmanship B. adaptive task performance C. routine task performance D. counterproductive behavior E. citizenship behavior

C

Some people react to bad rules or policies by constructively trying to change them, instead of passively complaining about them. This positive characteristic refers to: A. helping. B. sportsmanship. C. voice. D. civic virtue. E. boosterism.

C

The _____ approach involves collecting performance information not just from the supervisor but from anyone else who might have firsthand knowledge about the employee's performance behaviors. A. behaviorally anchored rating scales B. management by objectives C. 360 degree feedback D. behavioral observation scales E. benchmarking

C

The _____ approach uses critical incidents to create a measure that can be used to evaluate employee performance. A. management by objectives B. 360 degree feedback C. behaviorally anchored rating scales D. benchmarking E. behavioral observation scales

C

The _____ model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are positively correlated. For example, the tendency to daydream or socialize leads to the tendency to come in late or take long breaks, which leads to the tendency to be absent or quit. A. independent forms B. compensatory forms C. progression D. normative E. nominal

C

Which of the following behaviors is a type of minor interpersonal counterproductive behavior? A. Sabotage B. Harassment C. Incivility D. Substance abuse E. Theft

C

Which of the following is a "neglect" withdrawal behavior? A. Tardiness B. Missing meetings C. Looking busy D. moonlighting E. Absenteeism

C

Which of the following is a form of physical withdrawal? A. Daydreaming B. Moonlighting C. Tardiness D. Socializing E. Cyberloafing

C

Which of the following is false about counterproductive behaviors? A. People who engage in one form of counterproductive behavior also tend to engage in other forms of counterproductive behavior. B. Counterproductive behavior is relevant to any job. C. There is a strong positive correlation between task performance and counterproductive behavior. D. Counterproductive behaviors tend to represent a pattern of behavior rather than isolated incidents. E. Sometimes the best task performers are the ones who can best get away with counterproductive actions.

C

Which of the following is one of the three types of organizational commitments? A. Reactive commitment B. Associative commitment C. Normative commitment D. Proactive commitment E. Distributive commitment

C

_____ is the most common form of production deviance. A. Theft B. Incivility C. Wasting resources D. Sabotage E. Harassment

C

Donnell is a computer programmer whose job performance rating notes the fact that he often goes out to the parking lot and sits in his car during lunch hour. He is otherwise sociable and never late coming back from lunch; therefore, this is not an appropriate item to include on his job performance rating because it A) relates to his task performance rather than his job performance. B) demonstrates an undue focus on interpersonal citizenship behavior. C) is not a behavior relevant to the accomplishment of organizational goals. D) concerns citizenship behavior rather than job performance. E) implies that he is doing something wrong by sitting in his car.

C) is not a behavior relevant to the accomplishment of organizational goals

How do employees make the choices that take them in the "right direction"?

Choices are made based on expectancy theory. Our choices depend on three specific beliefs that are based on past learning and experience: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Which of the following types of employees possesses high commitment and low task performance but performs many of the voluntary "extra-role" activities that are needed to make the organization function smoothly?

Citizens

_____ describes voluntary employees activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place

Citizenship Behavior

________ describes voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place.

Citizenship behavior

______________ describes voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place.

Citizenship behavior

morality is practiced to avoid punishment regardless of any concern about moral order

which of the following is a feature of moral development at the pre-conventional stage?

_____ is defined as voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place. A. Creative task performance. B. Adaptive task performance. C. Counterproductive behavior. D. Citizenship behavior. E. Routine task performance.

Citizenship behavior is defined as voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place. Citizenship behavior is the differentiating factor between the good and the most effective companies.

Everyone at the St. Louis offices of Dominique Marceau Cosmetics, from the president to the lowest sales person, came to the company holiday party - all except for Melanie, who told her coworkers that going to the party was a "waste of time." When her supervisor told her she had been missed, she claimed that her mother was sick, but later laughed about this behind her supervisor's back and said that she spent the evening out partying with friends. Her behavior shows a lack of

Civic Virtue

70. (p. 41) Employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment are referred to as: A. mistaken errors. B. omissions. C. erroneous identities. D. counterproductive behavior. E. counteractive mistakes.

Counterproductive behavior, defined as employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment. These are things that employees mean to do, not things they accidentally do.

________ refer(s) to the behaviors and thoughts that people use to manage both the stressful demands that they face and the emotions associated with those stressful demands.

Coping

_____ is a perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society.

Corporate social responsibility

_____ is a perspective that acknowledges that the responsibility of a business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society. A. Rational choice and responsibility B. Corporate social responsibility C. Social exchange theory D. Consequential egoism E. Predicted outcome value theory

Corporate social responsibility

76. (p. 42) All of the following are forms of counterproductive behaviors EXCEPT: A. political deviance. B. personal aggression. C. property deviance. D. production deviance. E. aggressive training.

Counterproductive behavior, defined as employee behaviors that intentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment. It includes political deviance, personal aggression, property deviance, and production deviance.

explicit repayment schedule

which of the following is a feature of social exchange relationships between organizations and employees?

Riya has become famous creating new styles in women's formal wear. Her assistants copy the patterns created by Riya, cut cloth pieces and sew them into garments that look like Riya's creations. The work done by Riya is a type of _____ whereas the work done by her assistants is a type of _____. A. routine task performance; creative task performance B. creative task performance; counterproductive behavior C. citizenship behaviors; counterproductive behavior D. counterproductive behavior; creative task performance E. creative task performance; routine task performance

Creative task performance is the degree to which individuals develop ideas or physical outcomes that are both novel and useful whereas routine task performance involves well-known responses to demands that occur in a normal, routine, or otherwise predictable way. Riya has become famous because of her novel and creative designs—displaying creative task performance. Though her assistants work on the new styles created by Riya, they merely duplicate the pattern, which does not involve any creativity. They are just sewing and stitching, which is part of their daily job. Hence it is routine task performance.

equity

which of the following is a rule under the dimension of distributive justice?

A desire to remain a member of an organization due to a feeling of obligation is called _____ commitment. A. continuance B. affective C. associative D. normative E. evaluative

D

A passive, constructive response that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement is referred to as _____. A. voice B. exit C. neglect D. loyalty E. ignorance

D

Adaptability involves all of the following EXCEPT: A. handling work stress. B. solving problems creatively. C. handling emergencies. D. performing daily routine work. E. responding to unpredictable demands.

D

As soon as Amanda heard about Sean joining the team, she turned in her resignation. Amanda's reaction can be described as _____. A. voice B. neglect C. loyalty D. exit E. ignorance

D

Charlet represents the organization in a positive way when out in public, away from the office, and away from work. What is she exhibiting? A. Voice B. Feminism C. Civic virtue D. Boosterism E. Political deviance

D

Historically, research on OB has focused on the _____ aspects of job performance. A. educational B. knowledge C. learning D. physical E. theoretical

D

Jess indicates that Mary had no bonds to CI. She was relatively new and had not invested any time at CI. For me, Jess says, "CI gave me an opportunity and invested so much in mentoring me, preparing me for the position, and showing me the ropes to success. There is no way that I can desert them by leaving for another company." Jess is exhibiting: A. continuance commitment. B. intuitive commitment. C. evaluative commitment. D. normative commitment. E. affective commitment.

D

Nelson Roe works as an assistant coach for the Washington Wizards in the NBA. Recently he was offered the Head-coaching duties at the Portland Blazers. Though their terms and remuneration were very attractive and it would be a huge career move for Nelson, he declined the offer. He felt it was with Washington Wizards that he learned and developed as a coach, and that staying back at Washington Wizards is the right thing to do and is his obligation. This is an example of _____ commitment. A. continuance B. intuitive C. evaluative D. normative E. affective

D

The explicit obligations that an employee must fulfill to receive compensation and continued employment are referred to as _____. A. job orientation B. citizenship behavior C. organizational commitment D. task performance E. counterproductive behavior

D

The factors that increase normative commitment include: A. salary and other monetary benefits. B. availability of employment opportunities. C. a sense that the organization has invested in the employee. D. links to the local community. E. organizational culture.

D

The most serious form of physical withdrawal is _____. A. absenteeism B. tardiness C. long breaks D. quitting E. missing meetings

D

The set of actions that employees perform to avoid the work situation that may eventually culminate in the employee quitting the organization are referred to as _____ behavior. A. productivity B. commitment C. performance D. withdrawal E. citizenship

D

Tim is a new hire at The Journal, a weekly publication. He does not like his job and is not committed to the organization. He hardly exerts any effort that is requires to keep his job. Tim is staying with The Journal because he does not want to be "unemployed." Tim is a(n) "______." A. star B. citizen C. lone wolf D. apathetic E. dog

D

Which of the following behaviors involved in adaptability deals with anticipating change in the work demands and searching for and participating in assignments or training to prepare for these changes? A. Handling work stress B. Solving problems creatively C. Dealing with uncertain and unpredictable work situations D. Learning work tasks, technologies, and work situations E. Demonstrating interpersonal adaptability

D

Which of the following is NOT an element of GE leadership according to Jack Welch's vitality curve? A. High energy levels B. The edge to make tough yes-and-no decisions. C. Ability to energize others D. Desire to emulate E. Ability to consistently execute and deliver on their promise

D

Which of the following is a serious organizational counterproductive behavior? A. Incivility B. Wasting resources C. Gossiping D. Sabotage E. Substance abuse

D

Which of the following terms refers to the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization? A. organizational efficacy B. organizational control C. organizational efficiency D. organizational commitment E. organizational effectiveness

D

Which of the following terms refers to the work and non-work forces that bind us to our current employer? A. Normative impact B. Affective influence C. Industry regulations D. Embeddedness E. Social influence

D

_____ involves well-known responses to normal job demands that occur in a predictable way. A. Job enhancement B. Adaptive task performance C. Counterproductive behavior D. Routine task performance E. Citizenship behavior

D

_____ is defined as voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded but that contribute to the organization by improving the overall quality of the setting in which work takes place. A. Creative task performance. B. Adaptive task performance. C. Counterproductive behavior. D. Citizenship behavior. E. Routine task performance.

D

____________ justice is when decision-making outcomes are perceived as fair.

Distributive

Kohlberg's theory of cognitive moral development proposes that as people age and mature, they move through the preconventional, postconventional, and principled stages of moral development.

False

Behaviors that focus specifically on reducing the efficiency of work output are known as _____. A. political deviance B. property deviance C. personal aggression D. political aggression E. production deviance

E

Behaviors that intentionally disadvantage other individuals rather than the larger organization are referred to as _____. A. property deviance B. organizational aggression C. wasting resources D. personal aggression E. political deviance

E

Citizenship behaviors can be divided into the two main categories of: A. intrapersonal and organizational. B. interpersonal and intrapersonal. C. organizational and political. D. interpersonal and political. E. interpersonal and organizational.

E

Dr. Doris contributes most directly to the business goals of the Family Dentistry through: A. creative task performance. B. routine task performance. C. interpersonal task performance. D. intrapersonal task performance. E. adaptive task performance.

E

Employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces are referred to collectively as A) citizenship behavior. B) behaviorally anchored rating scales. C) civic virtue. D) job performance. E) task performance.

E

For a kindergarten teacher, assisting her students out of a smoke-filled elementary school is an example of _____. A. citizenship behavior B. routine task performance C. job dissonance D. counterproductive behavior E. adaptive task performance

E

James is a junior level manager with the Palm Green Hotels. He is also a freelance journalist for a local travel magazine. James keeps himself updated with news about his company and always features the hotel in his weekly columns. He promotes his hotel to such an extent that the number of visitors to the hotel have considerably increased. Which of the following characteristics does James portray? A. Edginess B. Political deviance C. Sportsmanship D. Civic virtue E. Boosterism

E

Maria is rather quiet at her work place. Her only friend at work, Nancy, quit the company a month ago. The _____ model suggests that Maria will soon quit her job because Nancy is not working in the same organization anymore. A. social identity B. continuance C. progression D. embedded E. social influence

E

The term "focus of commitment" refers to all of the following EXCEPT: A. supervisors. B. company's top management. C. salary. D. specific coworkers. E. industry regulations.

E

Leaders who are high on initiating structure play a passive role in directing group activities and often fail to plan activities.

False

Which model of withdrawal has received the most scientific support? A. Individualistic forms model B. Compensatory forms model C. Independent forms model D. Autonomous forms model E. Progression forms model

E

Which of the following about the forced ranking method is false? A. It is based on Jack Welch's vitality curve. B. It compels managers to rank all of their people into one of three categories: the top 20 percent (A players), the vital middle 70 percent (B players), or the bottom 10 percent (C players). C. The B players are to be developed as better managers. D. Employees may become hypercompetitive with one another to avoid finding themselves in a lower category. E. The B players possess the four E's of GE Leadership.

E

Which of the following is a minor organizational counterproductive behavior? A. Sabotage B. Harassment C. Incivility D. Gossiping E. Wasting resources

E

Which of the following statements about knowledge work is false? A. By the early 1990s, the majority of new jobs required employees to apply analytical knowledge acquired through formal education and continuous learning. B. The tools used to do knowledge work change quickly. C. Statistics from the U.S. Department of Labor confirm the rise of knowledge work. D. Jobs involving cognitive activity are becoming more prevalent than jobs involving physical activity. E. Knowledge work tends to be less fluid and dynamic in nature than physical work.

E

Which of the following terms refers to a passive, destructive response in which interest and effort in the job declines? A. exit B. loyalty C. voice D. ignorance E. neglect

E

_____ possess low levels of organizational commitment but high levels of task performance and are motivated to achieve work goals for themselves, not necessarily for their company. A. Stars B. Citizens C. Dogs D. Apathetics E. Lone wolves

E

_____ is the value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute, either positively or negatively, to organizational goal accomplishment. A) Civic virtue B) Citizenship behavior C) Knowledge work D) Task performance E) Job performance

E) Job performance

Teresa works in a chemical factory where her job involves inspecting containers of kerosene as they pass down the assembly line. She goes through a five-step process compliant with safety regulations laid down in the company manual, and she seldom has to think about her work. One day, however, a fire broke out on the line, and Teresa, who saw it before anyone else, grabbed an extinguisher just in time. Had she not acted quickly, the fire would have quickly spread, potentially resulting in widespread injuries and even death. In terms of organizational behavior, what is the best way to describe this situation? A) Usually, Teresa's job calls for routine task performance, but in this situation she had to be creative. B) Teresa's job is usually very routine, but on this occasion it became exciting. C) Teresa's job demands that she remain vigilant, but this time she needed to be extra-vigilant. D) On a typical day, Teresa's job requires adaptability, but this situation called for creative task performance. E) Normally, Teresa's job involves routine task performance, but this situation required adaptability.

E) Normally, Teresa's job involves routine task performance, but this situation required adaptability

Candace hopes to get a job with the U.S. Foreign Service, serving as a liaison between an overseas embassy and the local population. She has an uncanny ability with languages, but if she wants to function well in her dream job, she also needs to be A) creative, fearless, and original. B) easy to train and a good rule-follower. C) reliable, detail-oriented, and unchanging. D) flamboyant, articulate, and irrepressible. E) open-minded, flexible, and a good listener.

E) open-minded, flexible, and a good listener

Claire, a manager at GroundWork, is a favorite with her employees because she has the ability to recognize and understand the emotions of her peers and subordinates. She interacts with all employees in a warm manner and is very approachable when her employees are encountering any problems. Which of the following characteristics does Claire possess?

Emotion regulation

Which of the following is an allocation norm under which all group members receive exactly the same outcome on a project regardless of their individual productivity levels?

Equality norm

Brandy has been given a great deal of opportunity to advance her career. She recently got a huge increase in authority and salary, and she was hired to do what she has always claimed was her dream job. However, Brandy is not enthusiastic about coming to work, and when she is there, she spends most of her time complaining about how Maurice got a bigger office and nicer furniture than she did. Brandy's behavior would seem to support ________ theory.

Equity

Which theory suggests that employees create a "mental ledger" of the outcomes they get from their job duties? Goal-setting theory Psychological empowerment theory Expectancy theory Extrinsic theory Equity theory

Equity theory

Mediation occurs when a third party determines a binding settlement to a dispute.

False

________ knowledge is information that is relatively easily communicated and a large part of what companies teach during training sessions.

Explicit

14. Team reward structures with hybrid outcome interdependence reward members based on how well they perform as individuals rather than overall team performance.

FALSE

2. Evaluating an employee's performance based on results alone provides the best picture of which employees are worth more to an organization

FALSE

3. Employees falling under the category of "lone wolves" possess low levels of both organizational commitment and task performance and merely exert the minimum level of effort needed to keep their jobs.

FALSE

9. Members tend to be more productive in high task interdependence situations when there is low outcome interdependence.

FALSE

Creative task performance involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or unpredictable.

False

Creative task performance is a behavior that is only valuable in jobs such as artist and inventor.

False

Creative task performance is a behavior that is only valuable in jobs such as artists and inventor T/F

False

Descriptive ethics evolved with scholars in philosophy debating how people ought to act using various codes and principles.

False

Employees gauge procedural justice by asking whether decision outcomes, such as pay, rewards, evaluations, promotions, and work assignments, are allocated using proper norms.

False

Employees who feel a sense of continuance commitment identify with the organization, accept that organization's goals and values, and are more willing to exert extra effort on behalf of the organization.

False

Jasmine met Lee at her apartment pool and agreed to go out on a date with him that evening. She has often gone out with people she just met. Her agreement to go out with him when she just met him demonstrates affect-based trust.

False

Job performance is the collected well-known or habitual responses by employees to predictable task demands.

False

Justice reflects the actual fairness of an authority's decision making.

False

Meta-analysis takes all the correlations found in studies of a particular relationship and calculates a weighted average (such that correlations based on studies with small samples are weighted more than correlations based on studies with small samples).

False

Most people appraise situations with high time pressure as rather stressful, and they also tend to appraise these situations as more hindering than challenging.

False

Of the knowledge contained in organizations, 90 percent is explicit knowledge.

False

Organizational politics is the ability to understand others and the use of that knowledge to influence them to further personal or organizational objectives.

False

Perceptual biases and heuristics are detrimental to every aspect of business.

False

Predictive validation is less time consuming and easier than concurrent validation.

False

States of feeling that are intense, last for a few hours, and are clearly directed at (and caused by) someone or some circumstance are termed moods.

False

T or F Creative task performance is a behavior that is only valuable in jobs such as artist and inventor.

False

T or F Employees' performance of routine task behaviors is becoming increasingly important as globalization, technological, advances, and knowledge-based work increase the pace of change in the workplace.

False

T or F Evaluating an employee's performance based on results alone provides the best picture of which employees are worth more to an organization.

False

T or F In addition to being more cognitive, knowledge work tends to be more structured and static in nature.

False

T or F Interpersonal citizenship behavior is most important when people work in large groups.

False

T or F O*NET captures the "numerous small decisions" that separate the most effective organizations from their competitors.

False

T or F Routine task performance can involve employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable.

False

T or F The MBO approach involves collecting performance information not just from the supervisor but from anyone else who might have firsthand knowledge about the employee's performance behaviors.

False

T or F Very few 360-degree feedback systems ask employees to provide ratings of their own performance.

False

T or F: Evaluating an employee's performance based on results alone provides the best picture of which employees are worth more to an organization.

False

T or F: The MBO approach involves collecting performance information NOT just from the supervisor but from any else who might have firsthand knowledge about the employee's performance behaviors.

False

Tacit knowledge is the kind of information that can be easily communicated during training sessions or using written manuals.

False

Tardiness, long breaks, and missed meetings are actions of psychological withdrawal.

False

The two primary outcomes of interest to OB researchers, employees, and managers are job performance and job satisfaction.

False

Transformational leadership represents the carrot-and-stick approach to leadership.

False

Negative reinforcement occurs when there is the removal of a consequence following an unwanted behavior.

False - extinction

Of the knowledge contained in organizations, 90 percent is explicit knowledge.

False - tactic knowledge

Amber is responsible for creating a master emergency preparedness plan for the chemical facility in which she works. Her supervisor, Whitney, has examined all of her materials and updated Amber on which parts of the plan are satisfactory and which parts need more work. Whitney has provided Amber with

Feedback

71. (p. 42) Which of the following is a type of serious interpersonal counterproductive behavior? A. Sabotage B. Harassment C. Incivility D. Gossiping E. Wasting resources

Harassment is a type of serious interpersonal behavior. Wasting resources is a type of minor organizational behavior. Gossiping and incivility are minor interpersonal behaviors. Sabotage is a serious organizational behavior. Refer: Figure 2-3

34. Ji-hu believes in making decisions based on the method of experience. Considering this, which of the following actions would he most likely take?

He would buy the Jones espresso machine because he liked his previous machine, which was made by Jones.

Ji-hu believes in making decisions based on the method of experience. Considering this, which of the following actions would he most likely take?

He would buy the Jones espresso machine because he liked his previous machine, which was made by Jones.

Kamal is looking for a part-time job. He has several acquaintances who have worked for SlamDogs Burgers and Dogs, a restaurant chain. They say that the company pays well, has a good company culture, and treats its employees with respect. Plus, its high quality and affordable food and the cleanliness of its establishments make it extremely popular with the public—in fact, Kamal loves going to SlamDogs and has eaten there on a regular basis since he was a child. Kamal thinks SlamDogs sounds like a good place to work and decides to fill out an application. What can you deduce based on his decision?

His decision is rational and is based on subjective as well as objective information about the company.

When job performance evaluation time rolls around, Michael always comes out ahead of his coworkers, but his success comes at a price. He has been known to give his supervisors negative (and sometimes untrue) information about his coworkers, and when it looks as though someone else may be about to get a better job performance evaluation, bad things tend to happen to that person, such as lost paperwork and missed meetings due to deleted calendar appointments. In terms of organizational behavior and the principles of job performance evaluations, it is clear that

His supervisors' emphasis on results has created an environment in which an employee might use unethical behavior to get ahead.

89. (p. 46) Historically, research on OB has focused on the _____ aspects of job performance. A. educational B. knowledge C. learning D. physical E. theoretical

Historically speaking, research on organizational behavior has focused on the physical aspects of job performance.

As a manager, you have been alarmed by the fact that a number of employees on your team have recently left the company for other job opportunities. You offer competitive wages and benefits to your employees, and a recent company survey suggests that employees feel adequately compensated and rewarded. Yet, you cannot seem to keep people in your organization. What is likely the best opportunity for resolving this issue?

Hold company-wide events that include employees' families.

83. (p. 43) _____ represents communication that is rude, impolite, discourteous, and lacking in good manners. A. Abuse B. Incivility C. Harassment D. Property deviance E. Gossiping

Incivility represents communication that is rude, impolite, discourteous, and lacking in good manners. It is a form of political deviance.

Which of the following are common outcomes of abusive supervision?

Increased absenteeism Decreased satisfaction Counterproductive behavior

Interpersonal citizenship behaviors consist of all the following EXCEPT: A. helping. B. courtesy. C. sportsmanship. D. boosterism. E. respect for others.

Interpersonal citizenship behavior of an employee benefits coworkers and colleagues. It involves assisting, supporting, and developing other organizational members in a way that goes beyond normal job expectations. Activities such as helping, being courteous, respectful and having a sense of sportsmanship fall under interpersonal citizenship behavior. Boosterism is a form of organizational citizenship behavior.

Which of the following behaviors benefits coworkers and colleagues and involves assisting, supporting, and developing other organizational members in a way that goes beyond normal job expectations? A. Intrapersonal citizenship behavior B. Interpersonal citizenship behavior C. Organizational citizenship behavior D. Production citizenship behavior E. Political citizenship behavior

Interpersonal citizenship behavior of an employee benefits coworkers and colleagues. It involves assisting, supporting, and developing other organizational members in a way that goes beyond normal job expectations. Activities such as helping, being courteous, respectful, and having a sense of sportsmanship are forms of interpersonal citizenship behavior.

Which of the following is a unique feature of the citizenship component of corporate social responsibility? A. It represents the conventional level of moral development. B. It demands that organizations follow the prescribed ethical codes for their business. C. It ensures legal compliance so that a company's reputation is protected against allegations like violation of intellectual property rights or labor laws. D. It argues that organizations should contribute resources to improve the quality of life in the communities in which they work. E. It proposes that law represents society's codification of right and wrong and must therefore be followed.

It argues that organizations should contribute resources to improve the quality of life in the communities in which they work

Which of the following statements about the O*NET is FALSE?

It captures the "numerous small decisions" that separate the most effective organizations from their competitors

Which of the following statements about the resource-based view of organizations is accurate?

It describes what makes resources capable of creating long-term profits for the firm.

69. (p. 39) James is a junior level manager with the Palm Green Hotels. He is also a freelance journalist for a local travel magazine. James keeps himself updated with news about his company and always features the hotel in his weekly columns. He promotes his hotel to such an extent that the number of visitors to the hotel have considerably increased. Which of the following characteristics does James portray? A. Edginess B. Political deviance C. Sportsmanship D. Civic virtue E. Boosterism

James is portraying boosterism. Boosterism means representing the organization in a positive way when out in public, away from the office, and away from work.

justice

Jay, Kuo, and Elaineâs company has an opening for a manager, and all three of them apply. However, Elaine, who has been with the company the longest and has a business degree, gets the job. Although Jay and Kuo are disappointed, they most likely agree that the companyâs decision reflects a high level of

As the manager of the local Express Package Services, a retail shipping facility, DeAnna is evaluating the employees who work at the counter. She looks at such factors as positive or negative customer comments about each employee, their sales relative to those of their coworkers, the amount of time they spend with each customer, and so forth. DeAnna is evaluating each of these employees in terms of their

Job Peformance

In their evaluation of his performance as a trainer in the sales department of Ogilvy Pharmaceuticals, Jeremya's supervisors look at such factors as the amount of time he spends with each of his trainees, his coverage of all key points in training, his success rate in turning out trained salespeople within the amount of time allotted, and so forth. In other words, Jeremya's supervisors are evaluating his

Job Performance

The value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute, either positively or negatively, to organizational goal accomplishment is known as _____. A. task identity B. task orientation C. job satisfaction D. job performance E. organizational commitment

Job performance is formally defined as the value of the set of employee behaviors that contribute, either positively or negatively, to organizational goal accomplishment. Job performance includes behaviors that are within the control of employees, but it places a boundary on which behaviors are (and are not) relevant to job performance.

When Rebecca and Julie worked together on a project last year, both did more than their share and earned a nice bonus from their boss. Julie was then sent to another state to help set up a new office over the summer, and from her messages on social media, Rebecca could tell that she was working harder than ever. In the fall, when Julie returned to her home office, Rebecca suggested that they work together on a new project. This time, however, things did not go well: Julie seemed to lose interest quickly, and Rebecca began to feel resentful when she realized that she was doing most of the work. What most likely happened?

Julie began suffering from citizenship fatigue.

ability

Just a week into the job at the marketing and advertising division of a company, Alex, Neil, and John were given the task of creating an advertisement campaign for the company's new product. Alex and Neil had much trouble with the task and when John volunteered to take it up on their behalf, they readily agreed. Though they had no idea of John's skills in this area, they felt that John could be trusted to do a good job. John, who had done a paper on marketing while in college, reviewed numerous articles, studied the new product thoroughly, and came up with a campaign that received good reviews from his team leaders. John's success in creating a good campaign for the new product completely on his own reflects his _____.

Alex and Neil had a high degree of disposition-based trust

Just a week into the job at the marketing and advertising division of a company, Alex, Neil, and John were given the task of creating an advertisement campaign for the company's new product. Alex and Neil had much trouble with the task and when John volunteered to take it up on their behalf, they readily agreed. Though they had no idea of John's skills in this area, they felt that John could be trusted to do a good job. John, who had done a paper on marketing while in college, reviewed numerous articles, studied the new product thoroughly, and came up with a campaign that received good reviews from his team leaders. Which of the following is true with regard to Alex and Neil?

When employees perceive high levels of _____, they believe that decision outcomes are fair and that decision-making processes are designed and implemented in a fair manner.

Justice

Which of the following statements offers the best description of "justice?"

Justice provides behavioral evidence that authorities within the organization are fair.

rational

Kamal is looking for a part-time job. He has several acquaintances who have worked for SlamDogs Burgers and Dogs, a restaurant chain.

dispositioned-based

Kathryn was bullied as a child and later married a man who lied and stole money from her. Kathryn is not likely to demonstrate ______ trust.

Which of the following behaviors involved in adaptability deals with anticipating change in the work demands and searching for and participating in assignments or training to prepare for these changes? A. Handling work stress B. Solving problems creatively C. Dealing with uncertain and unpredictable work situations D. Learning work tasks, technologies, and work situations E. Demonstrating interpersonal adaptability

Learning work tasks, technologies, and work situations involves deals with anticipating change in the work demands and searching for and participating in assignments or training to prepare for these changes. Refer: Table 2-1

According to the value-percept theory, in which of the following scenarios would the employee be the most dissatisfied?

Levente wants to work with people, so he took a job with a boat tour company. He didn't realize most of his hours would be spent alone doing paperwork.

68. (p. 39) Delux Services was celebrating its operations in over 17 countries. Linda, a junior HR assistant, was disinterested in attending this celebratory event. The senior HR managers overheard Linda asking her friends the reason for this party. Back at the office, after a review, it was found that Linda never attended any of the meetings with the local business heads. Her lack of interest and knowledge about the company would make her someone who displays _____. A. high self-esteem B. low civic virtue C. "A" player characteristics D. wasting resources E. positive boosterism

Linda is displaying low civic virtue. Civic virtue refers to participating in the company's operations at a deeper-than-normal level by attending voluntary meetings and functions, reading and keeping up with organizational announcements, and keeping abreast of business news that affects the company.

Kevin works for Outrageous Burger, a nationwide fast-food chain, but his job does not involve flipping patties or making fries. Instead, he is sitting before a computer screen in the company's corporate offices, writing something. "Place the two halves of the bun on the counter," one line reads, "then add enough shredded lettuce to cover the bottom bun to a depth of not more than 0.25 inches." In all likelihood, Kevin is writing a

List of core job tasks for a detailed job analysis.

47. The management at Consumer Research Systems, which has several hundred employees, is attempting to determine whether to apply the management by objectives (MBO) or behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) approach for evaluating job performance. In making their choice, they should consider the fact that

MBO emphasizes results as much as performance behaviors, whereas BARS focuses on performance behaviors.

94. (p. 48) The management technique that assesses an employee's performance by directly assessing job performance behaviors is known as _____ A. behaviorally anchored rating scales. B. management by objectives. C. 360 degree feedback. D. behaviorally applicable rating scales. E. 180 degree feedback.

MBO emphasizes the results of job performance as much as it does the performance behaviors themselves. In contrast, behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) assess performance by directly assessing job performance behaviors.

92. (p. 47) Which of the following statements about management by objectives (MBO) is false? A. It is a management philosophy that bases an employee's evaluations on whether the employee achieves specific performance goals. B. Employee involvement is high in MBO. C. It is a set of mutually agreed-upon objectives that are measurable and specific. D. It is best suited for managing the performance of employees who work in contexts in which subjective measures of performance can be quantified. E. Employee performance can be gauged by referring to the degree to which the employee achieves results that are consistent with the objectives.

MBO is best suited for managing the performance of employees who work in contexts in which objective measures of performance can be quantified.

99. (p. 49) Mark, who is the HR manager at People's Pulse, wants to incorporate a new method of performance appraisal. He wants to introduce a system that clearly differentiates the good performers from the average and low performers. During the same period, the company is thinking about reducing its workforce because of financial constraints. The appraisal method should help management link employee performance to their compensation and retention level. Mark is looking for a method that would clearly state whom to fire and whom not to. Which of the following approaches should he adopt? A. Linear graph B. Behaviorally anchored rating scales C. Forced ranking D. Social networking systems E. Up-down approach

Mark should adopt the forced ranking approach. The forced ranking method requires managers to rank all of their people into one of three categories: the top 20 percent (A players), the vital middle 70 percent (B players), or the bottom 10 percent (C players). The A players are thought to possess "the four Es of GE leadership: very high energy levels, the ability to energize others around common goals, the edge to make tough yes-and-no decisions, and finally the ability to consistently execute and deliver on their promises." The B players are developed. According to Welch, B players are the backbone of the company but lack the passion of As. The C players are those who cannot get the job done and are let go.

What is moral intensity?

Moral intensity captures the degree to which the issue has ethical urgency

_____ is third step in the four-component model of ethical decision making which reflects an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action.

Moral intent

Which of the following is a feature of moral development at the preconventional stage? A. Morality is practiced to avoid punishment regardless of any concern about moral order. B. Right versus wrong is referenced to the expectations of one's family and one's society. C. People come to emphasize the laws, rules, and orders that govern society. D. Concepts such as doing one's duty and maintaining the social order come to be valued for their own sakes. E. Right versus wrong is referenced to a set of defined, established moral principles.

Morality is practiced to avoid punishment regardless of any concern about moral order

66. (p. 39) Natalie's acts of attending events on behalf of Healthy White, keeping abreast of dental regulations and business-related news during her personal time refers to: A. counterproductive behavior. B. boosterism. C. civic virtue. D. sportsmanship. E. voice.

Natalie's acts refer to civic virtue. Civic virtue refers to participating in the company's operations at a deeper-than-normal level by attending voluntary meetings and functions, reading and keeping up with organizational announcements, and keeping abreast of business news that affects the company.

Teresa works in a chemical factory where her job involves inspecting containers of kerosene as they pass down the assembly line. She goes through a five-step process compliant with safety regulations laid down in the company manual, and she seldom has to think about her work. One day, however, a fire broke out on the line, and Teresa, who saw it before anyone else, grabbed an extinguisher just in time. Had she not acted quickly, the fire would have quickly spread, potentially resulting in widespread injuries and even death. In terms of organizational behavior, what is the best way to describe this situation?

Normally, Teresa's job involves routine task performance, but this situation required adaptability.

Whistleblowing

Occurs when former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their organization.

whistleblowing

Occurs when former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their organization.

Extinction

Occurs when there is a removal of a consequence following an unwanted behavior.

extinction

Occurs when there is a removal of a consequence following an unwanted behavior.

________ is the idea that we learn by observing the link between our voluntary behavior and the consequences that follow it.

Operant conditioning

__________ is the idea that we learn by observing the link between our voluntary behavior and the consequences that follow it

Operant conditioning

________ is a field of study devoted to understanding, explaining, and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations.

Organizational behavior

61. (p. 39) Which of the following is an organizational citizenship behavior? A. Civic virtue B. Courtesy C. Representing self-interests in a positive way to the public D. Sportsmanship E. Behaviors that benefit employees with excess workloads

Organizational citizenship behavior includes civic virtue; voice which is defined as speaking up and offering constructive suggestions for change; boosterism, which is defined as representing your organization in a positive way when out in public, away from the office, and away from work. In general all those behaviors that benefit the organization are classified under organizational citizenship behavior.

whistle blowing

Paul McEnroe became a household name after he reported the rampant use of sweatshop labor by a famous clothes and accessories company that he worked for. Following his allegations, the company had to pay several million dollars as penalty along with funding rehabilitation programs for the same group of laborers it was exploiting a few months back. This scenario reflects McEnroe's act of _____.

85. (p. 43) Which of the following occurs when employees are subjected to unwanted physical contact or verbal remarks from a colleague? A. Harassment B. Abuse C. Incivility D. Production deviance E. Boosterism

Personal aggression is defined as hostile verbal and physical actions directed toward other employees. Harassment falls under this heading and occurs when employees are subjected to unwanted physical contact or verbal remarks from a colleague.

________ is the ability to influence the behavior of others and to resist unwanted influence in return.

Power

Melissa has noticed that people in her office lack commitment to their goals. Each year goals are set and then ignored. Describe some strategies for fostering goal commitment that Melissa could use in her office.

Powerful strategies for fostering goal commitment include rewards, publicity, supervisory support, employee participation, and providing resources to help employees reach goals.

80. (p. 43) Which of the following behaviors are forms of production deviance? A. Wasting resources and substance abuse B. Sabotage and theft C. Gossiping and incivility D. Harassment and abuse E. Interpersonal and organizational behaviors

Production deviance includes wasting resources and substance abuse; sabotage and theft are forms of property deviance; gossiping and incivility fall under political deviance; personal aggression includes harassment and abuse.

78. (p. 42) Property deviance includes _____. A. interpersonal and organizational behaviors B. sabotage and theft C. gossiping and incivility D. harassment and abuse E. wasting resources and substance abuse

Production deviance includes wasting resources and substance abuse; sabotage and theft are types of property deviance; gossiping and incivility are types of political deviance; and personal aggression includes harassment and abuse.

81. (p. 43) Behaviors that focus specifically on reducing the efficiency of work output are known as _____. A. political deviance B. property deviance C. personal aggression D. political aggression E. production deviance

Production deviance, directed against the organization, focuses specifically on reducing the efficiency of work output. It includes wasting of resources and substance abuse.

82. (p. 43) _____ is the most common form of production deviance. A. Theft B. Incivility C. Wasting resources D. Sabotage E. Harassment

Production deviance, directed against the organization, focuses specifically on reducing the efficiency of work output. It includes wasting of resources and substance abuse.

Grace is in charge of staffing for the pediatric unit and must make sure there are always enough nurses on the unit. When Reg breaks his leg skiing and can't work for several weeks, Grace is able to competently and easily decide how to adjust the schedule because she has done this many times over the years. Schedule reshuffling is a _______________ for her.

Programmed decision

Rhonda works as a copy editor for a local publisher and frequently operates with a high workload and tight deadlines. Her most important task is reviewing manuscripts, yet she has little control over this process. She cannot predict how many manuscripts she will receive in a day, and has almost no say in how quickly these documents need to be turned over to production. This makes Rhonda's job very stressful. Which of the following is most likely the way in which Rhonda will try to relieve her stress?

Reaching out to her teammates for help in reviewing manuscripts.

distributive justice

Reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes - pay, rewards, evaluations and promotions.

_______ is the last step of behavioral modeling.

Reinforcement

5

Researchers recognize ________ types of cognitive ability.

As a team leader for C & C Engineering, Colin needs to choose the best possible candidate to head up a sensitive project. The client had worked with another engineering firm whose inexperience resulted in structural defects that need to be corrected, and now they have brought the project to Colin's firm. They want someone who can get up to speed on the project quickly and make sound decisions on the job. With little room for error, Colin's best choice for project manager would be

Roland, who experienced a number of failures early in his career two decades ago, but went back to school and set out to learn his trade from the bottom up, taking on new and different projects along the way.

Angela is working as the head of sales at Blue Mountain Cola. Her work requires her to travel extensively and meet customers in various countries. However, Angela's role also requires her to mentor several sales representatives who work under her and keep track of their progress. Because Angela stays away from her office most of the time, she finds it difficult to manage both types of work responsibilities. Angela faces which of the following challenges?

Role conflict

trust propensity

Ron recently moved into a flat in the Oak Wood apartments. As Ron is at work all day, he has requested his neighbor to collect his mails. He receives confidential letters and documents regarding work and his estate. When the mails are given to him, Ron believes that he is the first one to open them. Ron has a high degree of _____.

Paul, a ticket collector, performs his duty robotically every day. This refers to: _____. A. sportsmanship B. adaptive task performance C. routine task performance D. counterproductive behavior E. citizenship behavior

Routine task performance involves well-known responses to demands that occur in a normal, routine, or otherwise predictable way. In these cases, employees tend to behave in more or less habitual or programmed ways that vary little from one instance to another. When the ticket collector performs his tasks robotically, he is demonstrating routine task performance.

_____ involves well-known responses to normal job demands that occur in a predictable way. A. Job enhancement B. Adaptive task performance C. Counterproductive behavior D. Routine task performance E. Citizenship behavior

Routine task performance involves well-known responses to demands that occur in a normal, routine, or otherwise predictable way. Routine task performance includes duties that are done over and over again without any major changes in the way it is done.

63. (p. 34) Natalie, Rose, and Charlet contribute most directly to the business goals of the Healthy White clinic through their: A. creative task performance. B. routine task performance. C. interpersonal task performance. D. intrapersonal task performance. E. adaptive task performance.

Routine task performance involves well-known responses to demands that occur in a normal, routine, or otherwise predictable way. Since all three perform regular duties, it can be termed as routine task performance.

73. (p. 43) Which of the following is a serious organizational counterproductive behavior? A. Incivility B. Wasting resources C. Gossiping D. Sabotage E. Substance abuse

Sabotage is a serious organization counterproductive behavior. Minor counterproductive behavior includes production deviance (wasting resources, substance abuse) and political deviance (gossiping and incivility). Refer: Figure 2-3

procedural justice

Safe Heaven Laboratories has a very liberal atmosphere where all employees are welcome to participate in the decision making process. The company values the feedback and suggestions given by the employees who in turn are pleased that they are able to express their opinions freely. Which of the following dimensions of justice is the company promoting by giving its employees voice?

_____ is the tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations.

Selective perception

GroundWork is a venture capital firm that helps in financing small businesses. New hires at the firm are given a project worth $50,000 to work on with minimal interference from senior management. The project has a large scope for innovation and creation. What is management attempting to use as a motivator for the new hires?

Self-determination

Sierra, an intern, is well-liked by everyone in the office. She has seemingly boundless energy, asks a lot of questions, and is self-confident without being arrogant. Her supervisor, John, is discussing her time at the company with his colleague Maxine. He predicts that

Sierra's personality means she is likely to emerge as a leader.

heuristic

Simple, efficient rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions more easily.

Who is considered to be the originator of the scientific method?

Sir Francis Bacon

although interpersonal citizenship behavior is beneficial in many contexts, it may be most important when people work in

Small groups

Discuss how relationships based on the social exchange play a vital role in employee-authority relationships.

Social exchange relationships are based on mutual investment. Employees are willing to engage in beneficial behaviors because they trust their efforts will result in a reward.

101. (p. 50) Captive Minds, an entrepreneurial organization, started a monthly "Lecture Day." The journal is dedicated to the aspiring businessmen to put forth their business ideas in an open forum. Feedback is given through the company website, which can be viewed by all employees. Colleagues, managers, and peers can give their constructive feedback without revealing their identity. The employees welcomed this idea as they were able to give feedback without hurting anyone's ego. Which of the following systems has the management successfully implemented? A. Forced ranking method B. Social networking system C. Behaviorally anchored rating scale D. Citizenship system E. Task performance system

Social networking services such as Facebook and Twitter. Well, this technology has recently been applied in organizational contexts for the purposes of developing and evaluating employee job performance. These types of systems provide performance information that is much more relative to traditional practices that measure performance quarterly or even yearly.

5. Tran needs to increase his team's creativity. He calls them in to a meeting and tells them to shout out as many ideas as they can think of for a new project. No one is to analyze or criticize any ideas while this exercise is going on. Tran is using the brainstorming technique.

TRUE

6.The integrative model of OB was designed with the Rule of One-Eighth in mind.

TRUE

7.Sometimes the best task performers engage in counterproductive behavior.

TRUE

8. Psychological contracts reflect employees' beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them.

TRUE

According to the resource-based view of organizations, a firm's resources include resources related to organizational behavior, such as the knowledge, ability, and wisdom of the workforce.

TRUE

Stamina is involved whenever the nature of the physical activity causes the heart rate to climb and the depth and rate of breathing to increase for prolonged periods of time.

TRUE

________ knowledge is typically learned by employees only through experience.

Tacit

Zelda is reading a job posting for an accountant's position at a local office. The advertisement mentions preparing, examining, and analyzing accounting records for accuracy and completeness as job responsibilities for the position. This job description refers to:

Task performance

What is the best way to describe how task performance differs from citizenship behaviors and counterproductive behaviors?

Task performance is required for compensation.

Charles finds an advertisement for an accountant's position at a local office. The advertisement mentions preparing, examining, and analyzing accounting records for accuracy and completeness as job responsibilities of the accountant's position. These job descriptions typically refer to: A. comprehension skills. B. task performance. C. counterproductive behavior. D. citizenship behaviors. E. organizational commitment.

Task performance is the set of explicit obligations that an employee must fulfill to receive compensation and continued employment. For an accountant, task performance involves preparing, examining, and analyzing accounting records for accuracy and completeness. These are part of the daily work that an accountant is expected to perform.

The explicit obligations that an employee must fulfill to receive compensation and continued employment are referred to as _____. A. job orientation B. citizenship behavior C. organizational commitment D. task performance E. counterproductive behavior

Task performance is the set of explicit obligations that an employee must fulfill to receive compensation and continued employment. Task performance behaviors will focus on the tasks, duties, and responsibilities that are a core part of the job.

97. (p. 48) The _____ approach involves collecting performance information not just from the supervisor but from anyone else who might have firsthand knowledge about the employee's performance behaviors. A. behaviorally anchored rating scales B. management by objectives C. 360 degree feedback D. behavioral observation scales E. benchmarking

The 360 degree feedback approach involves collecting performance information not just from the supervisor but from anyone else who might have firsthand knowledge about the employee's performance behaviors.

96. (p. 48) The short descriptions of effective and ineffective behaviors used to create an employee performance measurement instrument that managers can use to evaluate employee behavior are referred to as _____. A. 360 degree feedback B. management by objectives C. critical incidents D. descriptive events E. favorable incidents

The BARS approach uses "critical incidents"—short descriptions of effective and ineffective behaviors—to create a measure that can be used to evaluate employee performance.

95. (p. 48) The _____ approach uses critical incidents to create a measure that can be used to evaluate employee performance. A. management by objectives B. 360 degree feedback C. behaviorally anchored rating scales D. benchmarking E. behavioral observation scales

The BARS approach uses critical incidents to create a measure that can be used to evaluate employee performance.

negative affectivity

The Big Five-dimension known as neuroticism is synonymous with:

Self-Efficacy

The belief that a person has the capabilities needed to execute the behaviors required for task success.

instrumentality

The belief that successful performance will result in some outcomes.

Benevolence

The belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives.

benevolence

The belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives.

The weak negative correlation between task performance and counterproductive behavior can be best explained by the fact that

The best workers are the ones most likely to get away with counterproductive actions

trustworthiness

The characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust are defined as one's

Selena sells luxury cars for a living, but in recent months her sales have slumped. This is partly due to an economic recession, which has led to a downturn in the market. In addition, Selena has been distracted by the fact that her mother has been in the hospital. As a result of her decline in sales, Selena recently received a bad job performance rating. Why would she have grounds to dispute this rating?

The economic downturn is a factor beyond her control.

The electronic government database used to identify the set of behaviors needed to define task performance is known as the: A. behaviorally anchored ratings scale network. B. employment analysis network. C. occupational information network. D. task performance analysis network. E. job responsibilities network.

The electronic government database used to identify the set of behaviors needed to define task performance is known as occupational information network or O*NET.

74. (p. 43) Which of the following behaviors is a type of minor interpersonal counterproductive behavior? A. Sabotage B. Harassment C. Incivility D. Substance abuse E. Theft

The minor interpersonal offense is incivility, which is part of political deviance. Harassment is a serious interpersonal behavior and sabotage is a serious organizational offense while substance abuse is a minor organizational offense. Refer: Figure 2-3

The O*NET is useful for many things, but it does not provide

The task requirements unique to a particular organization.

Bao is the art director at Blue Cat Publishing, a publisher of art monographs, coffee-table books, and several niche lifestyle magazines. He has an art degree, and he won many awards for his design work before he took over the branding and marketing at Blue Cat. Even though Baoâs employees do not always understand his thinking and find Bao to be introverted and difficult to talk to, they all have huge respect for his talent and vision for the company. In fact, the company has received many accolades for its overall branding since Bao took over the department. Which of the following is most likely true about Baoâs employees at Blue Cat?

Their trust in Bao is based on his proven track record and his demonstrated expertise in his field.

90. (p. 46) Which of the following statements about knowledge work is false? A. By the early 1990s, the majority of new jobs required employees to apply analytical knowledge acquired through formal education and continuous learning. B. The tools used to do knowledge work change quickly. C. Statistics from the U.S. Department of Labor confirm the rise of knowledge work. D. Jobs involving cognitive activity are becoming more prevalent than jobs involving physical activity. E. Knowledge work tends to be less fluid and dynamic in nature than physical work.

There has been a considerable rise in the level of knowledge work. In addition to being cognitive, it tends to more fluid and dynamic in nature.

A week ago, Manny wrecked a company car when another driver pulled out in front of him, and once he threw away about a hundred dollars' worth of perfectly good office supplies while clearing out an old storage cabinet. Yet his supervisors have not held either action against him. Why is this most likely the case?

These acts were unintentional and therefore are not considered counterproductive behavior.

________ leadership involves inspiring followers to commit to a shared vision that provides meaning to their work while also serving as a role model who helps followers develop their own potential and view problems from new perspectives.

Transformational

Trudy is an excellent performer and enjoys working for the company. She frequently spends her breaks socializing with her closest colleague, Sally. Recently, Sally left the organization for a new job opportunity. Based on this information, what do you think is most likely to happen?

Trudy will leave the organization.

According to the resource-based view of organizations, a firm's resources include resources related to organizational behavior, such as the knowledge, ability, and wisdom of the workforce.

True

Adaptive task performance involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable T/F

True

Darien has just started a new job. His coworkers tell him that their manager is very unselfish and always keeps her promises. In addition, she is the leading expert in the company on product development. As a result of this information, Darien is likely to develop cognition-based trust in his manager.

True

Economic exchanges are impersonal and resemble contractual agreements, such that employees agree to fulfill the duties in their job description in exchange for financial compensation.

True

Efforts to improve the quality of life in the communities in which organizations work is typically an effort that comes under the citizenship component of corporate social responsibility.

True

Employees who feel a sense of equity on the job are more likely to engage in citizenship behaviors, particularly when those behaviors aid the organization.

True

Employees with transformational leaders have higher levels of job satisfaction than other employees.

True

From time to time, leaders need to resist the influence of other leaders or higher-ups to do what is best for their own unit.

True

In the context of trust and job performance, the ability to focus reflects the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to engaging in workplace politics or saving themselves from problems like abusive supervision.

True

Job characteristics theory argues that variety, identity, significance, autonomy, and feedback result in high levels of the three psychological states (meaningfulness of work, responsibility for outcomes, and knowledge of results), making work tasks more satisfying.

True

Leader-member exchange theory argues that new leader-member relationships are typically marked by a role taking phase.

True

Low levels of informational justice can make an organization vulnerable to wrongful termination claims.

True

Organizational commitment is the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization.

True

Psychological contracts reflect employees' beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them.

True

T or F Citizenship behavior is defined as voluntary employee activities that may or may not be rewarded.

True

Under enormous pressure to make a decision, Emily ends up selecting the first acceptable solution without considering any more possibilities. Emily has engaged in satisficing behavior.

True

Wasting resources is the most common form of production deviance.

True

When people first encounter stressors, the process of primary appraisal is triggered.

True

Which of the following has been proven in research studying the impact of trust on performance and commitment? A. Trust has a strong positive relationship with continuance commitment. B. Trust has no effect on citizenship behavior. C. Trust has a weak positive correlation with affective and normative commitment. D. Trust makes employees less likely to engage in counterproductive behaviors. E. Trust has a strong positive effect on performance.

Trust makes employees less likely to engage in counterproductive behaviors

Cyrus just had a job interview. His friend, Andy, asks him if they asked him clear purpose questions or veiled purpose questions. Cyrus says he is not sure, but they asked him things like if he felt it was okay to steal something that would be thrown away, if he had ever lied in a job interview, and if it was okay to secretly leave work early if a friend covered the job. Contrast clear purpose tests with veiled purpose tests and explain which one Cyrus took and why.

Veiled purpose : doesn't reference honestly but they are looking for specific traits Clear purpose : clear questions

Which of the following is a procedural justice rule of fair process?

Voice

62. (p. 39) Some people react to bad rules or policies by constructively trying to change them, instead of passively complaining about them. This positive characteristic refers to: A. helping. B. sportsmanship. C. voice. D. civic virtue. E. boosterism.

Voice involves speaking up and offering constructive suggestions for change. Natalie, Rose, and Charlet are three dental hygienists who work for Dr. Doris at Healthy White. All three hygienists perform almost the same tasks every day. On an average, they see 12 people every day for regular teeth cleaning which involves cleaning, flossing, rinsing, and a normal checkup. Dr. Doris, on the other hand, has quite an unpredictable job. She has to respond to all types of teeth-related emergencies including surgeries. All three hygienists always try to help each other out, have a very good attitude toward each other, and keep each other informed about matters that are relevant to them and to Dr. Doris. Natalie specifically takes on the role of attending all community-related voluntary meetings and functions where Healthy White may have a stake or is asked to be present. She makes sure that she is up to date with all dental regulations and business-related news that may have an impact on Healthy White. Rose and Charlet, on the other hand, can be described as the unofficial publicists of Healthy White. They always represent the clinic in a very positive way away from work. Dr. Doris couldn't be happier to have such wonderful people working with her.

77. (p. 42) Which of the following behaviors is a type of production deviance? A. Wasting resources and substance abuse B. Sabotage and theft C. Gossiping and incivility D. Harassment and abuse E. Interpersonal and organizational behaviors

Wasting resources is the most common form of production deviance, when employees use too many materials or too much time to do too little work. Substance abuse represents another form of production deviance. If employees abuse drugs or alcohol while on the job or shortly before coming to work, then the efficiency of their production will be compromised because their work will be done more slowly and less accurately.

72. (p. 42) Which of the following is a minor organizational counterproductive behavior? A. Sabotage B. Harassment C. Incivility D. Gossiping E. Wasting resources

Wasting resources, which is part of production deviance, is a type of minor organizational behavior. Gossiping and incivility are minor interpersonal behaviors. Harassment is a serious interpersonal behavior and sabotage is a serious organizational behavior. Refer: Figure 2-3

Distributive

When employees evaluate outcomes such as pay, rewards, and promotions to determine whether they are allocated using proper norms, they are applying the ________ type of justice.

Behavioral Modeling

When employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat the observed behavior.

behavioral modeling

When employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat the observed behavior.

justice

When employees perceive high levels of ____, they believe that decision outcomes are fair and that decision-making processes are designed and implemented in a fair manner

justice

When employees perceive high levels of _____, they believe that decision outcomes are fair and that decision-making processes are designed and implemented in a fair manner.

Idealized Influence

When the leader behaves in ways that earn the admiration, trust, and respect of followers, causing followers to want to identify with and emulate the leader

Inspirational Motivation

When the leader behaves in ways that foster an enthusiasm for and commitment to a shared vision of the future

individualized consideration

When the leader behaves in ways that help followers achieve their potential through coaching, development, and mentoring

benevolence

Which of the following dimensions of trustworthiness is defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives?

true

Which of the following drives cognition-based trust?: authority's track record

distributive justice

____ is defined as the dimension of justice that reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes

whistle-blowing

____ is defined as the process by which employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their employer.

extroverted

_ One of the "Big Five" dimensions of personality reflecting traits like being talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold and dominant.

integrity test

_ Personality tests that focus specifically on a predisposition to engage in theft and other counterproductive behaviors.

integrity

____ defined as the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable

ability

____ is a dimension of trustworthiness, that is defined as the skills, abilities, and the areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific context

procedural justice

____ is defined as a dimension of justice that reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making processes

moral intensity

____ is defined as the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency

ability to focus

____ is defined as the degree to which employees can devote their attention to work, as opposed to perpetrating or being victimized by office politics

Reinforcement

________ is the last step of behavioral modeling.

Tacit

________ knowledge is typically learned by employees only through experience.

24. The factors that increase normative commitment include

a sense that the organization has invested in the employee.

The factors that increase normative commitment include

a sense that the organization has invested in the employee.

When behaviors are reinforced at random points in time, ______ is being used.

a variable interval schedule

Describe equity theory. What are the three general possibilities that can result from the comparison of the ratio of outcomes and inputs to the ratio of some comparison others?

a. Ratio of outcomes to inputs is balanced between you and our comparison other. b. Ratio of outcomes to inputs is less than your comparison other's ratio. c. Ratio of outcomes to inputs is greater than your comparison other's ratio. )

Describe each of the Big Five dimensions. Which dimension has the biggest influence on job performance?

a. Conscientiousness b. Agreeableness c. Extraversion d. Neuroticism e. Openness to experience The most important dimension that has the most influence on job performance is conscientiousness.

What are the rules under procedural justice?

a. voice - giving employees a chance to express their opinions. b. correctability - employees can appeal when a procedure has been ineffective. c. consistency - rules are consistent d. bias suppression e. representativeness f. accuracy

Laraine, who studied marketing and public relations in college, reviewed numerous articles, studied the new phone thoroughly, and came up with a campaign that received good reviews from her team leaders. Her success in creating a good campaign for the new phone completely on her own reflects her

ability

_____ is a dimension of trustworthiness, defined as the skills, competencies, and areas of expertise, that enable an authority to be successful in some specific context.

ability

Handling work stress and emergencies, solving problems creatively, and responding to unpredictable demands are all aspects of

adaptability

Employee responses to job demands that are novel, unusual, or unpredictable are a part of ________________________________________ .

adaptive task performance

Employee responses to job demands that are novel, unusual, or unpredictable are a part of_______.

adaptive task performance

Employee responses to job demands that are novel, unusual, or unpredictable are parts of

adaptive task performance

Today, Jamie, a police officer with a big-city force, apprehended a suspect fleeing the scene of a convenience store robbery. The suspect ran for three blocks before Jamie managed to tackle and handcuff him and read him his rights, by which time other officers had arrived on the scene to take him down to the station for booking. Jamie later described the situation to family and friends as "all in a day's work," but in organizational terms this is an example of....

adaptive task performance

_____ involves employee responses to job demands that are novel, unusual, or unpredictable.

adaptive task performance

involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable. It includes such behaviors as handling emergencies and crisis situations.

adaptive task performance

Employee responses to job demands that are novel, unusual, or unpredictable are a part of

adaptive task performance.

Today, Jamie, a police officer with a big-city force, apprehended a suspect fleeing the scene of a convenience store robbery. The suspect ran for three blocks before Jamie managed to tackle and handcuff him and read him his rights, by which time other officers had arrived on the scene to take him down to the station for booking. Jamie later described the situation to family and friends as "all in a day's work," but in organizational terms this is an example of

adaptive task performance.

In the case of _____-based trust, our trust arises mostly from the emotional feelings we have for the authority.

affect

The three factors that influence trust levels are disposition-based trust, cognition-based trust, and ____-based trust.

affect

The three factors that influence trust levels are disposition-based trust, cognition-based trust, and __________-based trust.

affect

In the case of _____ trust, our trust arises mostly from the emotional feelings we have for the authority. disposition-based mentor-based affect-based character-based cognition-based

affect based

In the case of _____ trust, our trust arises mostly from the emotional feelings we have for the authority.

affect-based

in the case of _____ trust, our trust arises mostly from the emotional feelings we have for the authority

affect-based

trustor's feelings for the trustee

affect-based trust is driven by the ____.

Which of the following is true with regard to affect-based trust?

affect-based trust relies on our feelings

The desire to remain a member of an organization due to emotional attachment to, and involvement with, that organization is called ________ commitment.

affective

Moral development at the conventional stage is characterized by ___________________________________________________.

an emphasis on laws, rules, and orders that govern society.

Social exchange relationships

are based on mutual investment. Employees are willing to exchange in beneficial behaviors

programmed decisions

are easy to recognize and quickly know the course of action to take

40. You work for a company that manufactures jeans, and you have an idea about how cold weather correlates with buying jeans. If you were implementing the scientific method for this company, which of the following actions would you do first?

assert that cold weather makes people buy more jeans

a set of defined, established moral principles

at the post-conventional stage of moral development, right versus wrong is established on the basis of:

According to Kohlberg, moral development begins

at the preconventional stage

The first step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is moral ____

awareness

When employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat what they have observed, they are engaging in: behavioral modeling. hierarchical modeling. extrinsic learning. structural modeling. static learning.

behavioral modeling

Which of the following dimensions of trustworthiness is defined as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives?

benevolence

Job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful are called:

benign job demands

To be a rational decision maker, one should do all of these EXCEPT: developing an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions. evaluating all the alternatives simultaneously. boiling the problem down to something that is easily understood. picking the alternative that maximizes value. using accurate information to evaluate alternatives.

boiling the problem down to something that is easily understood

Bounded rationality involves ______________________________-.

boiling the problem down to something that is easily understood.

Anyone who talks to Maurice for more than a few minutes knows that he works for Ocean Bay Resorts, which he always maintains is the best vacation rental company in the country. In fact, Maurice has plenty of positive things to say about his employer, and if there are any negatives, no one would know it from talking to him. Maurice's behavior is an example of

boosterism

equality norm

which of the following is an allocation norm under which all group members receive exactly the same grade on a project regardless of their individual productivity levels?

Anyone who talks to Maurice for more than a few minutes knows that he works for Ocean Bay Resorts, which he always maintains is the best vacation rental company in the country. In fact, Maurice has plenty of positive things to say about his employer, and if there are any negatives, no one would know it from talking to him. Maurice's behavior is an example of....

boosterism

means representing the organization in a positive way when out in public, away from the office, and away from work

boosterism

The notion that decision makers simply do not have the ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision refers to: structure bias. communities of practice. bounded rationality. management by exception. projection bias.

bounded rationality

emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion that result from having to cope with stressful demands on an ongoing basis

burnout

whistle-blowing

which of the following is an example of especially ethical behaviors?

truthfulness

which of the following is an informational justice rule?

Moral Intensity

captures the degree to which the issue has ethical urgency

which of these techniques to help people appraise and cope with stressors in a more rational manner?

cognitive behavioral techniques

In equity theory, rethinking your inputs to restore balance mentally without altering your behavior in any way is known as: external comparisons. internal comparisons. equity distress. instrumentality. cognitive distortion.

cognitive distortion

Orrin, the manager of Nordic Kitchen and Bath, has always been supportive toward the employees and understands their feelings. On most occasions, he overlooks their mistakes and gives them opportunities to develop a friendly atmosphere in the office. He often takes on some of their work in order to reduce their burden. Orrin would score high on

consideration.

Agnes is an inventor whose work has made people's lives better in a number of ways. As one commentator observed, "It's not just that her work is original—wearing shoes on your head is original—but it's also useful." Agnes's work is an example of

creative task performance

propriety

which of the following is an interpersonal justice rule?

Gloria, Angelica, and Roberto all work for Dr. Elena at Brite & Beautiful Dentistry. One day, Gloria was in the small parking lot behind the office and noticed a sizeable pool of water near the building, even though it had not rained recently. She and the others began to monitor the situation, and soon determined that they had a leak somewhere in the drainage pipes, so Roberto called a plumber. The plumber came out the next day, and though he agreed with their assessment that they had a leaky pipe, he could not find the exact spot where the water was leaking. Given that the pipes lay under concrete, digging them out would involve a great deal of time and expense—not to mention noise and dust. Then Angelica had an idea: since Dr. Elena, like many dentists, kept a small amount of radioactive material on hand for making dental implants, they could release an extremely small portion through each of the sinks, toilets, and other drains in succession, then use a Geiger counter, which measures radioactivity, to locate the leak. Her coworkers scoffed, but Dr. Elena said it would be possible to release an amount of material too small to be harmful, but large enough to register on the Geiger counter. The plumber said it sounded like a good idea to him, and thanks to Angelica, within a little more than an hour's time, he had located the leak and was able to fix it with a minimum of trouble. In arriving at this solution, Angelica demonstrated one of the behaviors involved in adaptability, namely

demonstrating interpersonal adaptability.

affect-based trust is independent of any features of the trustee

which of the following is true with regard to affect-based trust?

35. Danielle is a model of good citizenship, particularly of the interpersonal variety. She regularly volunteers to do things for her work group, helps orient new members, attends functions that help the group, and assists others with their work for the benefit of the group. Yet her supervisor is not completely pleased with Danielle's job performance, most likely because her citizenship behaviors are

distracting her from other duties and responsibilities.

When employees evaluate outcomes such as pay, rewards, and promotions to determine whether they are allocated using proper norms, they are applying the _____ type of justice interpersonal informational procedural distributive retributive

distributive

When employees evaluate outcomes such as pay, rewards, and promotions to determine whether they are allocated using proper norms, they are applying the _____ type of justice. A. distributive B. procedural C. retributive D. informational E. interpersonal

distributive

When employees evaluate outcomes such as pay, rewards, and promotions to determine whether they are allocated using proper norms, they are applying the ________ type of justice.

distributive

Danny recently started revising his résumé after his managers failed to give him a pay raise that he felt would rightly compensate him for his increasing workload. Danny, who had faced this kind of pay discrimination in the company earlier, finally decided to quit and has begun looking for another job. His resentment related to his pay reflects the lack of _____ in the company that he works for. A. procedural justice B. retributive justice C. interpersonal justice D. informational justice E. distributive justice

distributive justice

____ is defined as the dimension of justice that makes reflects the perceived fairness of decision making outcomes

distributive justice

trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture

which of the following is true with regard to trust propensity?

Employees who do not trust their authorities have _____ relationships that are based on narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations.

economic exchange

Under the behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) system, critical incidents are short descriptions of ______ employee performance

effective and ineffective behaviors used to create a measure for evaluating

In equity theory, ________ is the internal tension that is caused by an imbalance in the ratios.

equity distress

justice

which of the following reflects the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making?

_____ refers to the decision to continue to follow a failing course of action. Confirmation bias Halo effect Availability bias Gambler's fallacy Escalation of commitment

escalation of commitment

To hold a high evaluation of oneself and to feel effective and respected by others are _____ needs. self-actualization esteem relatedness control autonomy

esteem

_____ theory argues that employee behavior is directed toward pleasure and away from pain or, more generally, toward certain outcomes and away from others. Expectancy Goal setting Extrinsic Equity Psychological empowerment

expectancy

As one of the most experienced medical doctors in the world when it comes to a particular rare but serious rheumatological condition, Serena possesses enormous ________ power within the medical community.

expert

Which of the following are considered elements of ability?

expertise competencies skills

The leadership at Morgan Industrial Chemicals has been confronted with a crisis: someone incorrectly filed a purchase order from a key client, thus resulting in a shipment of the wrong materials. Not knowing this, the client proceeded to make use of the chemicals—with disastrous results. This has never happened to the company before, and although they have procedures for addressing various contingencies, the situation at hand requires quick thinking. The task of addressing the problem has fallen to Beth, who is an experienced manager, and she readily comes up with a solution. However, at first glance her idea sounds counterintuitive, and she needs the immediate support of her entire team to get behind her idea quickly. Therefore she should

explain the situation, present her solution and reasoning, point out what the team should be on the lookout for, and invite feedback from team members.

In her job as a research analyst for a stock brokerage, Caroline spends a lot of time at her computer. Today her boss told her, "Find out everything you can about the textile industry in the Philippines," and she immediately sat down and typed a few words into a search engine. Soon she had a dossier on the subject, gleaned from her research on the Internet. The information Caroline acquired in this way is an example of ______ knowledge.

explicit

Information that is relatively easily communicated and a large part of the companies tech during training sessions is

explicit

Lucy just moved to New York on a job assignment. Lucy got herself a map of the city and various other guides on restaurants, fitness centers, libraries, and theaters. Lucy learns about New York by studying these materials. Lucy acquires _____ knowledge by learning this way. consensus-based intuition-based explicit tacit inherent

explicit

Nicole has spent weeks studying the manuals in order to take the Lieutenant's exam. She has gained a great deal of ______ knowledge but little, if any, ______ knowledge from her studies. internal, external explicit, tacit high level; low level specific, general transitory, permanent

explicit, tacit

When someone from another company is referred to as the 'comparison other', one is involved in a(n): emotional cue. equity distress. external comparison. cognitive distortion. internal comparison.

external comparison

Rita can be described as an ambitious individual. She joined Atlas Corporation as a junior recruiter and wants to climb the corporate ladder to become a team leader in the future. She strives for power and influence at work. Having that goal in mind Rita storks hard to build up her reputation, makes time to interact with not only her manager but other managers as well, and lets everyone know how passionate she is about working at Atlas. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes Rita. agreeableness extraversion neuroticism openness to experience conscientiousness

extraversion

twin studies have shown that genetics has the most effect on which of the Big Five personality traits?

extraversion

Which of the following is not a Hofstede's dimension of cultural values? Individualism-collectivism Uncertainty avoidance Masculinity-femininity Extraversion-introversion Power distance

extraversion introversion

Motivation that is controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance is known as _____ motivation. efficacious expectant intrinsic control extrinsic

extrinsic

Question 4 Unsaved The MBO approach involves collecting performance information not just from the supervisor but from anyone else who might have firsthand knowledge about the employee's performance behaviors true or false

false

T/F: In addition to being more cognitive, knowledge work tends to be more structured and static in nature.

false

T/F: Interpersonal citizenship behavior is most important when people work in large groups.

false

T/F: Loyalty is defined as an active, constructive response to a negative work event in which individuals attempt to improve the situation.

false

One of Val's biggest challenges as the leader of a sales team is getting team members to fill out and file their paperwork properly at the end of the day. He has tried in a number of ways to get them to comply, but nothing seems to work. He does know that no one likes to lead the daily sales meeting, which is a task that revolves among the team members on a regular basis, and that gives him an idea. The best way to achieve the result he desires is to announce that employees who

file their paperwork correctly and on time five days in a row will be exempted from leading the sales meeting the next time their turn comes around.

respect and propriety

which of the following represent the two interpersonal justice rules?

The senator was having trouble getting support for his pet piece of legislation, called The Omnibus Tax Increase Act. After soliciting input from his staff, he renamed it An Act to Protect the American Way of Life. Suddenly, public opinion was on his side, and he soon had the votes he needed. The reason lies in a decision-making bias known as

framing

Sally's daughter just started going to school. As a result, Sally has been coming to work early for the past few weeks. Her colleagues are under the impression that Sally is a Type A person. Sally's colleagues are subject to: self-serving bias. fundamental attribution error. anchoring error. halo effect. illusion of control error.

fundamental attribution error

Amanda and her team are about to begin performing a job analysis for the position of structural engineer at their firm. The very first thing they should do is

generate a list of activities involved with the job, using data collected through observations, surveys, and interviews.

Remaining composed and cool when faced with difficult circumstances or a highly demanding workload or schedule, and acting as a calming and settling influence to whom others can look for guidance, are all part of ______, one of the behaviors involved in adaptability.

handling work stress

Someone has been stealing from the company, and suspicion has fallen on Elizabeth. Her supervisors have evidence against her, and their suspicions are rightly compounded by the fact that she

has a tendency to be abusive toward coworkers.

neurotic people tend to

hold an external locus of control

When job performance evaluation time rolls around, Michael always comes out ahead of his coworkers, but his success comes at a price. He has been known to give his supervisors negative (and sometimes untrue) information about his coworkers, and when it looks as though someone else may be about to get a better job performance evaluation, bad things tend to happen to that person, such as lost paperwork and missed meetings due to deleted calendar appointments. In terms of organizational behavior and the principles of job performance evaluations, it is clear that

his supervisors' emphasis on results has created an environment in which employees might use unethical behavior to get ahead

The scientific method requires that theories be used to inspire

hypotheses.

The first step in rational decision making is to: choose a person who could evaluate the decision. evaluate the alternatives that are available. identify the criteria that are important in making the decision. generate the list of available alternatives. choose the solution that maximizes value.

identify the criteria that are important in making the decision

According to the job characteristics theory, the degree to which the job requires completing a whole, identifiable, piece of work from beginning to end with a visible outcome is known as

identity.

cognition-based

in the case of ____ trust, we rationally evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of an authority along the dimensions of ability, integrity, and benevolence

Which of the following behaviors is a type of minor interpersonal counterproductive behavior?

incivility

____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from the authorities

informational

providing an honest explanation to employees for a company decision that affects their employment is part of the dimension of justice called

informational justice

justification and truthfulness

informational justice is fostered when authorities adhere to the rules of:

"Sucking up" is an expression often used to describe the influence tactic otherwise known as

ingratiation.

Gateway Corporation developed a new form of technology for which they hold a patent. This technology allowed then to significantly reduce the cost of production on their major product line. This resource is....

inimitable

Two years ago, Tanaka Technologies, an international manufacturer of smart appliances, opened a location in Springville and created a huge amount of jobs in the area. Glenn works at Tanaka in the accounting department. Overall, he likes his job, even though the benefits could be better, and he thinks the company could be more diverse than it is. Moreover, the management is not very invested in its corporate social responsibility—in fact, within the first year, it was hit with a number of fines for violating local environmental regulations. Following this, the company did rectify the situation by installing a compliance team, but Glenn and other people in Springville feel the company is neglecting its citizenship responsibilities. What could Tanaka do in order to improve its corporate social responsibility in this area?

institute volunteer initiatives to work with local charities

____ justice reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities

interpersonal

Bryan, a first-line supervisor at Little Toys, regularly uses abusive and derogatory words when dealing with his subordinates. Many employees have also heard Bryan refer to specific employees with inappropriate labels ridiculing their ethnicity, names, or weaknesses. From the scenario, it can be concluded that workers at Little Toys lack _____. A. restorative justice B. procedural justice C. distributive justice D. interpersonal justice E. informational justice

interpersonal justice

According to Kohlberg's theory of cognitive moral development, moral development at the conventional stage

involves an emphasis on laws, rules, and orders that govern society

Vincenza is an accountant whose client list includes an array of Fortune 500 companies. She has developed algorithms that have saved her clients millions of dollars, and as many satisfied customers have said, her solutions are often unexpected, but always legal and always effective. Yet Vincenza says that the real star in her family is her younger sister Siena, whose poetry has been published in a number of journals. Siena's poetry does not pay the bills, but it did get her noticed by a major publisher, who employed her to work in their mail room—a job that has given Siena the opportunity to meet a number of famous authors. In terms of organizational behavior, the best way to describe the difference between Vincenza's and Siena's jobs is to say that Vincenza's job ______ than Siena's.

is much more involved in creative task performance

Donnell is a computer programmer whose job performance rating notes the fact that he often goes out to the parking lot and sits in his car during lunch hour. he is otherwise sociable and never late coming back from lunch; therefore this is not an appropriate item to include on his job performance because it

is not a behavior relevant to the accomplishments of organizational goals

The process by which an organization determines the requirements associated with a specific job is referred to as a

job analysis

The process by which an organization determines the requirements associated with a specific job is referred to as a

job analysis.

As the manager of the local Express Package Services, a retail shipping facility, DeAnna is evaluating the employees who work at the counter. She looks at such factors as positive or negative customer comments about each employee, their sales relative to those of their coworkers, the amount of time they spend with each customer, and so forth. DeAnna is evaluating each of these employees in terms of their....

job performance

17. As the manager of the local Express Package Services, a retail shipping facility, DeAnna is evaluating the employees who work at the counter. She looks at such factors as positive or negative customer comments about each employee, their sales relative to those of their coworkers, the amount of time they spend with each customer, and so forth. DeAnna is evaluating each of these employees in terms of their

job performance.

Research studies have repeatedly shown that not only does allowing employees to participate in decision making develop the employees' own decision-making skills, but it also increases their

job satisfaction

two people sharing the responsibilities of a single job, as if the two people were a single performing unit, is known as

job sharing

Jay, Kuo, and Elaineâs company has an opening for a manager, and all three of them apply. However, Elaine, who has been with the company the longest and has a business degree, gets the job. Although Jay and Kuo are disappointed, they most likely agree that the companyâs decision reflects a high level of

justice

When employees perceive high levels of _____, they believe that decision outcomes are fair and that decision-making processes are designed and implemented in a fair manner. risk profit-centered motives social responsibility economic exchange justice

justice

high levels of _____ exist when decision outcomes are fair, and decision-making processes are implemented fairly

justice

Trust in authorities like the management in a firm depends on which two factors?

justice and ethics

distributive

justice is when decision-making outcomes are perceived as fair.

Informational justice is fostered when authorities adhere to the rules of

justification and truthfulness

Connor, a trainer at T&R Inc., preaches the company's policy of prudence to all his new trainees. In the context of the Hofstede's dimensions, the cultural value followed in T&R Inc. is an example of _____. long-term orientation high uncertainty avoidance masculinity low power distance collectivism

long term orientation

Which of the following are two of the methods by which people "know" things?

method of experience and method of intuition

46. Ella believes that 360-degree performance review is ideal for her company because she recently read about a major survey of Fortune 100 companies that highlighted the effectiveness of this method. Which of the following philosophies is she relying on?

method of science

Choose the method that suggests people accept some belief because studies have tended to replicate that result using a series of samples, settings, and methods.

method of science

45. Marcella is a network administrator for Diablo Electronics. The company recently completed a merger with Machine Parts, Inc., and her team is responsible for integrating the two companies' computer networks. Before embarking on the project, Marcella meets with her team. Together, they discuss the potential issues that might arise during integration, outline the major steps required to complete the project successfully, and review the list of hardware and software that will be required to make the two systems work together. What kind of transition process activity is Marcella is engaging in?

mission analysis

Learning is

moderately correlated with task performance. Gaining job knowledge increases task performance. Learning is weakly related to org commitment

the first step in the four component model of ethical decision making is

moral awareness

the first step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is _____.

moral awareness

List the stages of the four-component model of ethical decision-making in order, with the first step listed at the top, and the last step listed at the bottom.

moral awareness moral judgement moral intent ethical behavior

four-component model

moral awareness, moral judgement, moral intent, ethical behavior

What is the process of ethical decision-making model?

moral awareness-moral judgement-moral intent-ethical behavior

an emphasis on laws, rules, and orders that govern society

moral development at the conventional stage is characterized by:

Tamara is considering accepting a bribe from a company bidding on a construction project even though she knows that the company has engaged in dangerous practices in the past. She knows her family, friends, coworkers, and managers would all consider this action unethical, but the money could pay for a really nice vacation. This decision is causing her a great deal of stress. Tamara is feeling a high level of

moral intensity based on social consensus.

Several managers at Fletcher's company were publicly accused of sexual harassment by an ex-employee of the company. The press immediately latched onto the story and it went viral on the Internet. This is an example of a situation with high _________________.

moral intensity.

Reo is considering accepting a bribe from a company bidding on a construction project even though he knows that the company has engaged in dangerous practices in the past. He knows his family, friends, coworkers, and managers would all consider this action unethical. This decision is causing him a great deal of stress. Reo is feeling a high level of ______ based on ______. A. stress; personal principles B. ethical awareness; social consensus C. virtue ethics; utilitarianism D. moral intensity; social consensus E. moral awareness; moral intent

moral intensity; social consensus

_____ is third step in the four-component model of ethical decision making which reflects an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action. Moral judgment Moral awareness Moral attentiveness Moral intensity Moral intent

moral intent

The second step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is _____. moral awareness ethical behavior moral identity moral judgment moral intent

moral judgement

When authorities determine whether their course of action is ethical or unethical, they exercise ____

moral judgemet

The second step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is _____.

moral judgment

Which of the following is not a factor in the four component model of ethical decision making?

moral sensitivity

Which of the following terms refers to a passive, destructive response to negative work events in which interest and effort in the job decline?

neglect

Maddie has been working as the creative head at Juno Designs for the past 25 years. Although she likes her job, she has begun to feel like she is in a creative slump and has been considering leaving to start her own company. Maddie will be eligible for retirement in five years. After discussing it with her husband, she decides that leaving now would be a mistake. After she retires, she will reconsider the idea of starting her own company. This is an example of __________ commitment.

normative

Maddie has been working as the creative head at Juno Designs for the past 25 years. Although she likes her job, she has begun to feel like she is in a creative slump and has been considering leaving to start her own company. Maddie will be eligible for retirement in five years. After discussing it with her husband, she decides that leaving now would be a mistake. After she retires, she will reconsider the idea of starting her own company. This is an example of ______________ commitment.

normative

Applied Diagnostics and Technologies, a firm with more than 300 employees, is applying the management by objectives approach to some of its workers, but not all. The reason is that MBO is best for managing the performance of employees who work in jobs for which

objective measures of performance can be qualified

Applied Diagnostics and Technologies, a firm with more that 300 employees, is applying the management by objectives approach to some of its workers, but not all. The reason is the MBO is best for managing the performance of employees who work in jobs for which....

objective measures of performance can be quantified

Candace hopes to get a job with the U.S. Foreign Service, serving as a liaison between an overseas embassy and the local population. She has an uncanny ability with languages, but if she wants to function well in her dream job, she also needs to be

open-minded, flexible, and a good listener.

Emily, Shalonda, and Tomas all work at Terence Butler Life & Auto, an insurance agency. Their boss, Terence, has a very full schedule, but he knows he can rely on his 3 employees. Emily specifically takes on the role of attending all community- related meetings and functions where the agency might have a stake, and Shalonda helps out with constructive suggestions on the operation of the office. Tomas makes it his job to serve as unofficial representative for the agency, ensuring that it maintains a positive image not only with customers, but also with neighboring businesses and the community as a whole. These employees' actions are examples of Organizational citizenship behavior.Organizational citizenship behavior includes civic virtue, which refers to participating in the company's operations at a deeper-than-normal level; voice, which involves speaking up and offering constructive suggestions for change; and boosterism, which is defined as representing your organization in a positive way when out in public, away from the office, and away from work. These three behaviors are represented by Emily, Shalonda, and Tomas, respectively. Someone has bee

organization citizenship behavior

Major types of power can be grouped along two dimensions,

organizational and personal.

Of the following, which is a primary individual outcome according to the integrative model?

organizational commitment

When employees consider efficacy levels for a given task, they first consider their: extrinsic motivators. instrumentality. current projects. past accomplishments. vicarious experiences.

past accomplishments

Behavior that involves hostile verbal and physical actions directed toward other employees is referred to as _____.

personal aggression

jackson high school introduced a scholarship of $1,000 for students who maintain 100 percent attendance. This is....

positive reinforcement

Soon after becoming the new manager of operations at the Cooper Motors, a local car dealership, Finn discovers that employees are coming in late to work, taking long breaks, and behaving unprofessionally while on the job. After considering the situation, he introduces a new set of guidelines, along with contingencies of reinforcement. Those who show up on time, do not exceed their allotted break schedules, and show themselves behaving professionally at all times while on duty during the next month will enjoy a steak dinner, courtesy of management. Those who fail to meet the requirements, on the other hand, will be invited to stay late for three nights in a row and attend an unpaid training session. The contingencies Finn is planning to implement—the steak dinner on the one hand and the unpaid training sessions on the other—are, respectively,

positive reinforcement and punishment.

A dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elations refers to _____. neuroticism status striving positive affectivity agreeableness conflict avoidance

positively affectivity

ethics that is discussed in terms of how people ought to act is referred to as ___ ethics

prescriptive

When people first encounter stressors, the process of ________ is triggered.

primary appraisal

______ occurs as people evaluate the significance and the meaning of the stressors they are confronting

primary appraisal

all are examples of supportive practices used by firms that help employees manage and balance demands except:

primary appraisal

when people first encounter stressors, the process of _____ is triggered

primary appraisal

While fulfilling the ethical component of corporate social responsibility, an organization does what is right, just, and fair. This suggests that the organization has reached the _____ of moral development.

principled level

____ is defined as a dimension of justice that reflects the perceived fairness of decision making processes

procedural justice

which of the following are among the factors by which employees judge whether an authority's decision making is fair?

procedural justice distributive justice interpersonal justice

27. A team of highly skilled and qualified members of an organization failed to perform the team objective assigned to them. When the reason for this lack of performance was investigated, it was clear that, although the team members worked hard, they had to wait for their teammates to complete a particular task before they could start their own. Which of the following explains the reason for process loss in this case?

production blocking

_____ is made up of behaviors that focus specifically on reducing the efficiency of work output

production deviance

Behaviors that intentionally harm the organization's assets and possessions are referred to as:

property deviance

The _____ rule reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks. voice propriety accuracy truthfulness justification

propriety

An energy rooted in the belief that work tasks contribute to some larger purpose is known as: vicarious experience. goal commitment. self-efficacy. goal setting. psychological empowerment.

psychological empowerment

ethics

reflects the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms.

Albert manages a large retail store. He has the authority to appoint employees in the store. The store does not have a specialized human resource executive and Albert himself conducts selection interviews. Albert has not received any training on selection and recruitment. This often leads to selection errors. Albert selected an applicant only because he displayed personality traits similar to one of his best performers. Identify the bias facing Albert in this case. Framing Anchoring Representativeness Recency False consensus

representativeness

in a recent poll, 51% of consumer believed that Google is an appealing place to a=work and treats its employees well. Such a perception is part of Google's ____

reputation

Which of the following represent the two interpersonal justice rules? Equity and equality Respect and propriety Justification and truthfulness Voice and accuracy Consistency and accuracy

respect and propriety

which of the following represent the two interpersonal justice rules?

respect and propriety

International Printers, a computer hardware firm, is looking for an employee to serve as field director at the company's Paris office. Reggie wants the position and has approached Meredith, who is in charge of interviewing for the position, to convince her that he is right for the position. In this situation, Meredith has ________ power.

reward

Brad is widely acknowledged as one of the best sales trainers in the real estate business. He has often been described as having an intuitive grasp not only of real estate sales techniques, but also of the methods for teaching them. One day after a seminar, a new trainee named Tiffany approaches him and asks him to teach her how to do what he does. Brad mentions to Tiffany that, though he would love to teach her, he just can't. Brad was

right, because what he does is based on experience and his personal qualities, and is probably not something he could teach someone else how to do, even if he wanted to.

Which of these is a work hindrance stressor?

role overload

_____ involves well-known responses to normal job demands that occur in a predictable way.

routine task performance

LeAnne is exhausted after another long day of answering the phones at the law firm of Boardman, Holloway, and Shriver. She says those three names several hundred times a day, followed by "How my direct your call?" This is an example of

routine task performance.

When decision makers select the first acceptable alternative considered, the result is ____________________.

satisficing

The tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations is called: thin-slicing. availability bias. social identification. selective perception. environmental bias.

selective perception

the tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations:

selective perception

The belief that a person has the capabilities needed to execute the behaviors required for task success is known as: complexity. instrumentality. self-efficacy. equity. valence.

self efficacy

Corporate ___ responsibility is a an approach to business that recognizes that companies have responsibilities that extend to being a good corporate citizen in the community

social

Corporate ____ responsibility is an approach to business that recognizes that companies have responsibilities that extend to being a good corporate citizen in the community

social

____ exchange relationships involve a connection with another person and fosters trust and expectations that the other person will honor his or her obligations

social

__________ exchange relationships involve a connection with another person and fosters trust and expectations that the other person will honor their obligations.

social

As trust increases between employees and their authorities, _____ relationships develop that are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long term in their repayment schedule.

social exchange

when people split themselves up into teams based on their occupations in order to developed responses to two questions:

social identity theory

18. Since Ginny's company switched management, they have stopped doing many of the fun, team- building activities they used to do, and the workplace culture has changed for the worse. A few weeks ago, Ginny's friend Surya quit, and now Ginny and her coworker Tom are thinking of quitting too. This shows the power of ________ in affecting employee attitudes.

social influence

_____ theory argues that people in organizations have the ability to learn through the observation of others

social learning

_____ theory argues that people in organizations have the ability to learn through the observation of others. Bounded rationality Attribution Social identity Social learning Learning life cycle

social learning

Gloria, Angelica, and Roberto all work for Dr. Elena at Brite & Beautiful Dentistry. One day, Gloria was in the small parking lot behind the office and noticed a sizeable pool of water near the building, even though it had not rained recently. She and the others began to monitor the situation, and soon determined that they had a leak somewhere in the drainage pipes, so Roberto called a plumber. The plumber came out the next day, and though he agreed with their assessment that they had a leaky pipe, he could not find the exact spot where the water was leaking. Given that the pipes lay under concrete, digging them out would involve a great deal of time and expense—not to mention noise and dust. Then Angelica had an idea: since Dr. Elena, like many dentists, kept a small amount of radioactive material on hand for making dental implants, they could release an extremely small portion through each of the sinks, toilets, and other drains in succession, then use a Geiger counter, which measures radioactivity, to locate the leak. Her coworkers scoffed, but Dr. Elena said it would be possible to release an amount of material too small to be harmful, but large enough to register on the Geiger counter. The plumber said it sounded like a good idea to him, and thanks to Angelica, within a little more than an hour's time, he had located the leak and was able to fix it with a minimum of trouble. In arriving at this solution, Angelica demonstrated one of the behaviors involved in adaptability, namely

solving problems creatively

Which of the following is true about goal setting? Equity is the greatest moderator of goal achievement. Specific, difficult goals are best. Difficult goals reduce motivation. SNARK goals result in the highest levels of goals achievement. Employees work hardest and are most engaged when the goals are easy.

specific difficult goals are bes

After the annual appraisal, Ted was disappointed with his 10% increase in pay compared to the 20% increase his colleagues received. When Ted spoke to his manager, he was told his colleagues were able to perform well over the minimum standard. Ted had not been aware of the minimum he was expected to achieve or the levels generally achieved by his colleagues. What would help Ted improve his performance? Expectancy Task complexity Goal commitment Valence Specific goals

specific goals

Employees that possess high commitment and high performance and are held up as role models for other employees are :

stars

Employees that possess high commitment and high performance and are held up as role models for other employees are....

stars

Employees that possess high commitment and high performance and are held up as role models for other employees are:

stars

The particular demands that cause people to experience stress are called

stressors

Motivation has a ________ effect on job performance.

strong positive

Felicia is an experienced lab technician, but at the moment she is not working in the lab. She is reviewing a list of activities associated with her job and rating them in terms of their importance. Most likely, Felicia is a

subject matter expert involved in a job analysis.

NewDay Investments is cutting its workforce in large numbers because of the current recession. The employees who still have their jobs are angered and depressed by the layoffs. They have lost the trust they had in management and are not sure if their futures are secure. They are facing the ___________ syndrome.

survivor

The ____________ syndrome is characterized by anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt that affects the employees who remain with an organization after a downsizing.

survivor

the knowledge that employees can typically learn only through experience is called ____ knowledge

tacit

Vincent has worked at The Shadows restaurant for several years and in the restaurant industry for almost 30 years. He can't really explain it, but he "just knows" which applicants are the ones to hire. His intuition most likely comes from a high level of _____ that he has of the industry in general and this restaurant in particular. genetic knowledge early training continual reinforcement extraneous knowledge tacit knowledge

tacit knowledge

In their evaluation of his performance as a trainer in the sales department of Ogilvy Pharmaceuticals, Jeremy's supervisors look at such factors as the amount of time he spends with each of his trainees, his coverage of all key points in training, his success rate in turning out trained salespeople within the amount of time allotted, and so forth. In other words, Jeremy's supervisors are evaluating his _________________.

task performance

The explicit obligations that an employee must fulfill to receive compensation and continued employment are referred to as

task performance

The explicit obligations that an employee must fulfill to receive compensation and continued employment are referred to as...

task performance

_____ includes employee behaviors that are directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into the goods or services that the organization produces.

task performance

When examining job performance, behaviors that contribute positively to the organization fall into which two broad categories?

task performance and citizenship behavior

25. The explicit obligations that an employee must fulfill to receive compensation and continued employment are referred to as

task performance.

Solange grew up in a large city and developed a fear of strangers. She sometimes worries about her boyfriend, Paul, who always seems ready to help out people he doesn't know who ask for help. It would appear that Solange has lower ____ than Paul

trust propensity

equity

the ____ norm is typically judged to be the fairest choice in situation in which the goal is to maximize the productivity of individual employees

propriety

the ____ rule reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks

for which of the following reasons can whistle blowing be considered an especially ethical action for a person to take

the action leaves the person vulnerable to potential retaliation the action exposes an illegal or immoral activity in the org.

based on the dimensions of moral intensity, what is: magnitude of consequences

the anticipated level of impact of the outcome

Magnitude of consequences

the anticipated level of impact of the outcomes

Which of the following drives cognition-based trust?

the authority's track record

trustworthiness

the characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust are defined as his _____.

Solange grew up in a large city and developed a fear of strangers. She sometimes worries about her boyfriend, Paul, who always seems ready to help out people he doesn't know who ask for help. It would appear that Solange has lower ____ than Paul.

trust propensity

growth need strength

the degree to which employees desire to develop themselves further

moral awareness

the first step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is _____.

based on the dimensions of moral intensity, what is: temporal immediacy

the interval between when the act occurs and its consequences

temporal immediacy

the interval between when the act occurs and its consequences

When a new relationship is forming, the presence or absence of trust often depends solely on your own

trust propensity

_____ refers to a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon.

trust propensity

ethical behavior

the last step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is _____.

Although Hal did not win the drawing for the statewide lottery, which sells thousands of tickets, he is much more confident of winning the drawing for the nationwide lottery, which sells millions of tickets. The reason is that whereas he bought just one ticket for the statewide game, he bought ten tickets for the nationwide one. Hal's reasoning is an example of

the ratio bias effect.

Tracy and Tonya's business has enjoyed enormous growth, and they are not sure how to handle the growing list of back orders, so they sit down together to figure out what they should do. First they list the important criteria involved, then they write down all possible solutions. Having done so, they evaluate these alternatives against the criteria they have established, and after a great deal of discussion, they choose an alternative that they believe will yield the best results. Lastly, having made a decision, they set out to implement it. This is an example of:

the rational decision-making model.

moral judgment

the second step in the four-component model of ethical decision making is ____.

The O*NET is useful for many things, but it does not provide...

the task requirements unique to a particular organization

Which of the following is true with regard to trust propensity? Trust propensity is most likely to be seen in people who display cognition-based trust. The importance of trust propensity is seen interactions with family and friends. Low trust propensity is ideal as it prevents us from trusting others who are not trustworthy. Trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture. Trust propensity refers to the use of track records and rational assessments in making decisions.

trust propensity is a product of both nature and nurture.

Affect-based trust is driven by the _____. trustor's feelings for the trustee authority's track record trustor's rational assessment of the trustee authority's strengths and weakness trustor's disposition

truster's feelings for the trustee

T/F: Service work contexts place a greater premium on high levels of citizenship behavior and low levels of counterproductive behavior.

true

T/F: Social networking sites and their applications can be used to monitor employee performance.

true

T/F: The progression model of withdrawal behavior has received the most scientific support.

true

T/F: The strength of a correlation can be inferred from the "compactness" of its scatterplot

true

The willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions is called _____. justice trust proximity morality consensus

trust

willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authorities actions and intentions

trust

Raheem recently hired a new assistant, Cathy. At his office, he often receives confidential letters and documents regarding work, as well as some personal mail, including financial statements. As Raheem often spends much of his day in meetings, he has asked Cathy to collect his mail and leave it on his desk to sort through later. When Cathy gives him the mail, Raheem trusts that she has not stolen or opened any of it. Raheem has a high degree of

trust propensity

In Hofstede's dimensions, a culture low on _____ tolerates ambiguous situations and values unusual ideas and behaviors. masculinity uncertainty avoidance short-term orientation power distance collectivism

uncertainty avoidance

it argues that organizations should contribute resources to improve the quality of life in the communities in which they work

which of the following is a unique feature of the citizenship component of corporate social responsibility?

The Cotton Yard is a family run knitting company. It specializes in custom-made woolen sweaters, pullovers, scarves and gloves. Younger family members have learn the value of attention to detail when creating a knit pattern by observing the praise given to knitters who exhibit this level of attention. Those who now exhibit close attention to detail while knitting have learned through______. Instrumentality Lecture sessions Past accomplishments Vicarious experiences Emotional cues

vicarious experiences

"Stars" are one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. Stars are likely respond to negative events with ___________ because they have the desire to improve the status quo and the credibility needed to inspire changes.

voice

moral intensity captures the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency, while moral attentiveness captures the degree to which people chronically perceive and consider issues of morality during their experiences

which of the following statements differentiates between moral intensity and moral attentiveness?

trust in authorities like the management in a firm depends on two factors: justice and trust

which of the following statements is true with regard to trust, justice, and ethics?

principled level

while fulfilling the ethical component of corporate social responsibility, an organization does what is right, just , and fair. this suggests that the organization has reached the ____ of moral development

Cheryl continually boosts morale at the sales office of Monroe Consumer Products, and she has helped a number of her colleagues through difficult situations. Nevertheless, she received a bad job performance rating due to the fact that her sales for the quarter were down. This job performance rating is

wrong; Cheryl is contributing to the organization in ways that go beyond the bottom line.