Management Test 2 (Chapter 5-8)

Target's donation of 5% of its annual income to community support is an example of ________. A) corporate responsiveness B) corporate philanthropy C) social engineering D) social screening

corporate responsiveness

Edwin would like to increase the level of creativity and innovation in his department. One step he could take would be to ________. A) reduce resources B) decrease external control C) resolve conflict D) decrease diversity of opinions

decrease external control

Software and other ________ can help managers to make sense of ________. A) planning approaches; strategic plans B) interactive dashboards; internal reports C) digital tools; big data D) technology; qualitative information

digital tools; big data

Which one of the following arguments on social responsibility states that pursuing social goals hurts a business's economic productivity? A) long-run profits B) stakeholder interests C) public image D) dilution of purpose

dilution of purpose

Older workers in an organization are subjected to ________ if they are laid off for being highly paid and having lucrative benefits. A) exclusion B) incivility C) discriminatory practices D) intimidation

discriminatory practices

What type of discrimination is said to have occurred when certain actions taken by representatives of an organization deny equal opportunity to perform or unequal rewards for performance? A) intimidation B) incivility C) exclusion D) discriminatory practices or policies

discriminatory practices or policies

In addition to face-to-face meetings, employers are encouraged to use ________ to communicate information about changes to their workforce. A) emails B) paid public announcements C) social media D) bulletin boards

social media

By 2050, ________ percent of the population of the United States will be ________ A) 40; 25 and under B) 15; 80 and over C) 25; 55 and over D) 20; 65 and over

20; 65 and over

Which one of the following statements is true of employing disabled employees? A) Workers with disabilities lack job skills and experience necessary to perform as well as their abled counterparts. B) Hiring people with disabilities leads to higher employment costs and lower profit margins. C) A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance.

A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance.

Which one of the following organizations is best suited to promote ethical behavior in its employees? A) An organization that rewards success without asking how it was achieved. B) An organization that has formal rules and regulations in place. C) An organization that punishes employees who do not meet goals. D) An organization that has a reward and punishment system that depends on specific goal outcomes.

An organization that has formal rules and regulations in place.

Which one of the following reflects the way goals are used in an MBO program? A) Goals are used to compare organizational performance year over year. B) Goals are used to prepare financial budgets for each unit. C) Goals are used to broadly set the direction subject to encourage interpretation by individual managers. D) Apart from being used to ensure that employees are doing what they are supposed to be doing, goals are used as a motivating tool for employees.

Apart from being used to ensure that employees are doing what they are supposed to be doing, goals are used as a motivating tool for employees.

Which one of the following examples reflects a socially responsible action by an organization? A) By 2019, Chick-fil-A will stop selling products containing meat from poultry raised with antibiotics. B) UPS has a company-wide policy that urges employees to volunteer during natural disasters and other crises. C) Apple has eliminated lead-lined glass monitors from its product line and pioneered reduced-sized packaging that leverages recyclable materials. D) Ford Motor Company became the first automaker to endorse a federal ban on sending text messages while driving.

Apple has eliminated lead-lined glass monitors from its product line and pioneered reduced-sized packaging that leverages recyclable materials.

________ measures the strength of a person's convictions. A) Locus of control B) Ego strength C) Social desirability D) Moral development

Ego strength

John is offered an attractive incentive to steal sensitive information about his company's wealthy investment customers. Which of the following statements best reflects John's thoughts if he is at the principled level of moral development? A) My job is to protect the information that this company deals in and I should not be violating my duties. B) If I am convicted for this crime, I will surely be imprisoned and will probably never be employed anywhere else. C) By stealing from another person, I will be in violation of the moral standards I've come to expect of myself. D) If my involvement is detected, my friends and family would be humiliated by my actions.

By stealing from another person, I will be in violation of the moral standards I've come to expect of myself.

________ refers to the social traits that are shared by a human population. A) Ethnicity B) Nationality C) Ancestry D) Race

Ethnicity

Employee A prefers to work flexible hours and to work from home as often as practical. According to research, Employee A is likely to be ________. A) a minority B) older C) disabled D) female

Female

________ actively and enthusiastically support new ideas, build support, overcome resistance, and ensure that innovations are implemented. A) Idea generators B) Idea developers C) Idea screeners D) Idea champions

Idea champions

Which one of the following is true regarding reduction of employee stress? A) In order to reduce stress, managers should make sure that the employee's abilities match the job requirements. B) Job redesigns that increase opportunities for employees to participate in decisions and to gain social support increase stress. C) A realistic job preview during the selection process maximizes stress by reducing ambiguity over job expectations. D) Improved organizational communications maximize ambiguity-induced stress.

In order to reduce stress, managers should make sure that the employee's abilities match the job requirements.

Which one of the following is a problem associated with traditional goal setting? A) Top-level managers tend to define the organization's goals in very narrow terms. B) It can result in the formation of a means-ends chain. C) Transition of strategic goals into departmental, team, and individual goals is difficult. D) Goals set are invariably easily accomplished.

It can result in the formation of a means-ends chain.

Mona has been employed at Marten Piano for 11 years as a quality engineer. She just discovered that five years ago a male quality engineer received a higher wage increase than she did even though their performance scores were identical. Under the ________Act, Mona can file a discrimination complaint despite the elapsed time since the event. A) Equal Pay B) Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay C) Civil Rights D) Age Discrimination

Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay

Which one of the following is an example of workplace discrimination in the form of exclusion? A) Female lawyers note that male attorneys frequently cut them off or do not adequately address their comments. B) Many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or are given light workloads that don't lead to promotion. C) Older workers may be targeted for layoffs because they are highly paid and have lucrative benefits. D) African American employees at some companies have found racist graffiti in their work areas.

Many women in finance claim they are assigned to marginal job roles or are given light workloads that don't lead to promotion.

Which one of the following represents a change in technology? A) The participation rate of the U.S. labor force is at its lowest point in the last 40 years. B) Bold, bright colors in clothing and wall paint have largely replaced neutrals. C) Electricity is produced by generating plants that burn coal. D) Most business communication involves email.

Most business communication involves email.

________ is the term used to describe change methods that focus on people and the nature and quality of interpersonal work relationships. A) Career development B) Commercial development C) Comprehensive development D) Organizational development

Organizational development

Which of the following statements is true of the changing trends in U.S. workplaces? A) Organizations must recognize that they can't expect employees to assimilate into the organization by adopting similar attitudes and values. B) In most U.S. metropolitan cities, more immigrants are employed in low-wage jobs like construction, cleaning, or manufacturing, than in white-collar occupations. C) The surge in immigration, especially over the last two decades, has flooded the United States with low-wage foreign labor. D) People now entering the workforce are significantly older, less ethnically diverse and/or native-born.

Organizations must recognize that they can't expect employees to assimilate into the organization by adopting similar attitudes and values.

Which one of the following statements is most related to making successful change happen? A) People will support what they help create. B) The more things change, the more they are the same. C) The only constant is change. D) Managers know best; they have all the answers.

People will support what they help create.

________ refers to a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of people. A) Bias B) Impartiality C) Prejudice D) Equanimity

Prejudice

________ creates expectations that may be hard to reconcile or satisfy. A) Role demand B) Role conflict C) Role ambiguity D) Role overload

Role conflict

The ________ Act offers some legal protection to whistle-blowers. It has a provision wherein any manager who retaliates against an employee for reporting violations faces a stiff penalty of a 10-year jail sentence. A) Glass-Steagall B) Sarbanes-Oxley C) Landrum-Griffin D) Taft-Hartley

Sarbanes-Oxley

________ is a method of changing behavior through unstructured group interaction. A) Team building B) Sensitivity training C) Intergroup development D) Survey feedback

Sensitivity training

________ is defined as a business firm's intention, beyond its legal and economic obligations, to do the right things and act in ways that are good for society A) Social screening B) Social responsibility C) Values-based management D) Social obligation

Social responsibility

How does surface-level diversity differ from deep-level diversity? A) Surface-level diversity can affect the way people view organizational rewards and their communication with others, while deep-level diversity does not necessarily reflect the ways people think or feel. B) Surface-level diversity becomes more important as people get to know each other, while deep-level diversity becomes less relevant with increasing familiarity between people. C) Surface-level diversity can affect the way people perceive others, especially in terms of assumptions or stereotyping, while deep-level diversity may affect general behavior of people at work.

Surface-level diversity can affect the way people perceive others, especially in terms of assumptions or stereotyping, while deep-level diversity may affect general behavior of people at work.

Which one of the following is an example of changing consumer preferences? A) The colors in home fashions change every year. B) Cell phone cameras have improved with each version of the phone. C) Employers with at least 50 employees must offer health care D) A recession has caused an increase in unemployment.

The colors in home fashions change every year.

Which one of the following is the first step in MBO? A) Action plans are specified and agreed upon by managers and employees. B) The organization's overall objectives and strategies are formulated. C) Major objectives are allocated among divisional and departmental units. D) Unit managers collaboratively set specific objectives for their units with their managers.

The organization's overall objectives and strategies are formulated.

Which one of the following statements is true regarding an organization's goals? A) Long-term success is ensured if managers emphasize only one goal for an organization. B) Using a single goal such as profit may result in unethical behaviors by employees. C) A single goal is more efficient than multiple goals for defining an organization's success. D) All organizations share the single goal of making profits.

Using a single goal such as profit may result in unethical behaviors by employees.

New Ideas, Inc., focuses on new ideas, uses technology that changes frequently, and has strong competition in the market. This situation describes what metaphor of change? A) a white-water rapids metaphor B) a shallow water metaphor C) a rapid water metaphor D) a falling water rapid metaphor

a white-water rapids metaphor

Which of the following approaches of going green reflects the highest degree of environmental sensitivity and is also a good illustration of the social responsibility of the organization? A) stakeholder approach B) market approach C) activist approach D) legal approach

activist approach

A standing plan is ________. A) a one-time plan specifically designed to meet the needs of a unique situation B) a plan that stands in place of a preferred plan in case of the failure of the latter C) an ongoing plan that provides guidance for activities performed repeatedly D) a flexible plan that sets out general guidelines for company strategy

an ongoing plan that provides guidance for activities performed repeatedly

Organizational change can best be defined as ________. A) rethinking the organization's target markets B) any alteration of people, structure, or technology. C) innovation that affects employees and customers D) a "cleaning house" of the top executives

any alteration of people, structure, or technology.

Which of the following examples would be considered appropriate stereotyping? A) assuming red-haired people have rather nasty tempers B) bracketing working mothers as not being committed fully to their jobs C) assuming women to be particularly bad drivers D) asking someone from accounting to help with a budgeting problem

asking someone from accounting to help with a budgeting problem

The belief that business involvement can help solve difficult social problems is the ________ argument of social responsibility. A) possession of resources B) public expectation C) public image D) better environment

better environment

Which one of the following people management benefits arises from workplace diversity? A) better use of employee talent B) improved system flexibility C) potential to increase market share D) increased understanding of the marketplace

better use of employee talent

The phrase "My word is my bond" is likely to be spoken by someone at the ________ stage of moral development. A) principled B) post-conventional C) conventional D) pre-conventional

conventional

How can managers identify ethically questionable applicants even before they become part of the workforce? A) by requiring letters of recommendation B) by including integrity testing in the selection process C) by performing background checks D) by favoring candidates who come with a reference from existing employees

by including integrity testing in the selection process

In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________. A) change masters B) change agents C) change generators D) change champions

change agents

Which of the following is a physical symptom of stress? A) changes in metabolism B) changes in attitude C) changes in productivity D) changes in mood

changes in metabolism

A problem associated with traditional goal setting is that ________. A) the narrowly defined goals inhibit a manager's ability to interpret them B) clarity is lost as the goals make their way down from the top of the organization to lower levels C) it promotes the growth of a flatter organizational structure and threatens organizational efficiency D) the high degree of reliance on employees for developing goals is not suited to many situations

clarity is lost as the goals make their way down from the top of the organization to lower levels

Well-written goals are ________. A) written in terms of actions rather than outcomes B) easily achieved C) just out of reach D) clear as to a time frame

clear as to a time frame

The period of time from the 1960s to 1970s focused on ________. A) assimilating minorities and women into the corporate setting B) making employees more aware and sensitive to the needs and differences of others C) diversity and inclusion for business success, profitability, and growth D) complying with laws and regulations through affirmative action policies and programs

complying with laws and regulations through affirmative action policies and programs

A ________ prevents an individual from doing what he desires. A) demand B) constraint C) necessity D) lien

constraint

Soon after Jeff was hired as a company accountant, his company developed corporate programs to help improve the self-confidence and qualifications of diverse employees so they could "fit in." During which period of time did Jeff start working for his employers? A) late 1980s to late 1990s B) early 1980s C) 1960s to 1970s D) new millennium

early 1980s

Ben is selecting members for a problem-solving team. Which of the following team compositions is most likely to result in better team performance? A) employees from the quality department B) an all-male or an all-female team C) employees from a variety of ethnic and gender backgrounds D) employees with at least ten years of seniority

employees from a variety of ethnic and gender backgrounds

The aspect that differentiates social responsibility from other similar concepts is that it adds a(n) ________. A) social imperative B) ethical imperative C) environmental imperative D) legal imperative

ethical imperative

According to the ________ argument on social responsibility, businesses should be socially responsible because responsible actions are the right thing to do. A) public image B) ethical obligation C) better environment D) greater good

ethical obligation

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is an example of which of the following forces of change? A) organizational strategy change B) technological change C) external change D) internal change

external change

Which one of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change includes employee counseling, therapy, new skills training, or a short paid leave of absence. A) manipulation and co-optation B) facilitation and support C) coercion D) negotiation

facilitation and support

Managers who consider the impact of their organization on the natural environment are said to be practicing ________. A) socially responsible management B) green management C) value-based management D) ethics-based management

green management

Most idea champions ________. A) are relenting B) avoid risks C) are lethargic D) have extremely high self-confidence

have extremely high self-confidence

Despite reassurances from R&D's internal testing lab, Stephen believes the new material for climbing ropes should not be used in their manufacture until it has been certified by an independent lab. It would appear that Stephen has ________. A) high ego strength B) external locus of control C) internal locus of control D) weak ego strength

high ego strength

The majority of the population increase in the next 35 years will come from ________. A) immigrants and their descendants B) advances in medical science that extends the life expectancy of the elderly C) immigration of religious groups seeking political asylum D) higher birth rates among minority ethnic groups

immigrants and their descendants

Darlene is just one of Cameron's "needy" employees who require constant feedback and reassurance. Two other employees bicker constantly. Another one challenges everything Cameron says or does. Cameron is facing ________ A) burnout B) interpersonal demands C) role toxicity D) emotional turmoil

interpersonal demands

Which one of the following arguments on social responsibility states that there is no direct line of responsibility for social actions? A) ethical obligation B) lack of accountability C) dilution of purpose D) balance of responsibility and power

lack of accountability

Which of the following managerial styles is traditionally considered to be masculine? A) agreeable B) leading by example C) inclusive D) collaborative

leading by example

Strategic plans are usually ________. A) Action plans are specified and agreed upon by managers and employees. B) The organization's overall objectives and strategies are formulated. C) Major objectives are allocated among divisional and departmental units. D) Unit managers collaboratively set specific objectives for their units with their managers.

long term, directional, and single use

In the ________ approach of going green, organizations respond to the environmental preferences of customers. A) stakeholder B) legal C) market D) activist

market

A ________ is an integrated network of goals in which the accomplishment of goals at one level makes possible the achievement of the goals at the next level. A) means-ends chain B) process sequence C) reverse pyramid D) bottom-up ladder

means-ends chain

What type of discrimination usually involves jokes or negative stereotypes being perpetrated about fellow employees? A) discriminatory policies B) mockery and insults C) intimidation D) exclusion

mockery and insults

When the VP of marketing selected the new product development team members, he made sure there was a mix of ages, genders, and ethnicities on the team. This VP was most concerned with ________. A) people management B) legal compliance C) organization strategy D) organization performance

organization strategy

In his exit interview, James, a member of a minority group, mentioned that he had been passed over for promotions in favor of less qualified internal candidates. This situation relates to ________. A) organizational strategy B) organizational performance C) financial management D) deep-level diversity

organizational performance

________ involves bringing individuals directly affected by the proposed change into the decision-making process. A) Facilitation and support B) Delegation C) Manipulation and co-optation D) Participation

participation

Organizational change is any alteration of ________. A) technology, goals, or management B) rules, procedures, or management C) structure, management, or goals D) people, structure, or technology

people, structure, or technology

Differences arising from which one of the following factors becomes more important to people as they get to know each other? A) gender B) sexual orientation C) ethnicity D) personality

personality

At the ________ level of moral development, a person's choice between right or wrong is based on personal consequences from outside sources, such as physical punishment, reward, or exchange of favors. A) conventional B) principled C) pre-conventional D) post-conventional

pre-conventional

A cartoon showing black smoke from a smokestack and the caption "We're okay as long as the wind keeps blowing" illustrates which factor of issue intensity? A) proximity to victims B) probability of harm C) greatness of harm D) consensus of wrong

proximity to victims

Which of the following perceptions do employers typically have of older employees? A) resistance to new technology B) lack of sound judgment C) better attendance D) weak work ethic

resistance to new technology

A ________ is an individual or organization who seeks out opportunities to improve society by using practical, innovative, and sustainable approaches. A) social entrepreneur B) sustainability contractor C) whistle-blower D) philanthropist

social entrepreneur

In the United States a company that meets, but does not exceed, federal pollution control standards and does not discriminate in hiring, promotion, and pay is generally meeting its ________. A) social screening requirements B) green management requirements C) social obligation D) social responsibility

social obligation

Following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Walmart sent semis loaded with items such as bottled water, diapers, and other daily necessities to the New Orleans area. We can say that Walmart exercised ________. A) social responsibility B) social responsiveness C) social obligation D) social awareness

social responsibility

Carson wants to build an electricity generating plant that uses combustible fuels collected from the city's garbage, and located near the downtown government area so that the steam could be used for heating the government buildings after it has passed through the generating turbines. Carson is being mostly ________. A) socially guarded B) socially focused C) socially responsive D) socially obligated

social responsive

When PETA supporters picketed Avon products because of its use of animals in the testing of its cosmetics, Avon changed its practices and stopped testing on animals. In this situation, Avon exercised ________. A) classical responsibility B) social engineering C) social responsiveness D) social obligation

social responsiveness

The process of applying social and environmental criteria to an investment decision is known as ________. A) green screening B) value-based selection C) social screening D) violation of profit maximization

social screening

Baskins wants to build a nuclear plant because this will not add to his city's already serious pollution problem, while taking care of its electricity requirements. Baskins is following which of the social responsibility views? A) classical view B) socioeconomic view C) activist view D) market view

socioeconomic view

Discrimination refers to ________. A) a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of people B) judging a person based on a perception of a group to which that person belongs C) someone acting out their prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice D) a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology

someone acting out their prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice

When uncertainty is high, plans should be ________ and ________. A) directional; standing B) short-term; directional C) specific; flexible D) general; informal

specific; flexible

Judging a person on the basis of one's perception of a group to which he or she belongs is known as ________. A) assimilation B) prejudice C) integration D) stereotyping

stereotyping

________ is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure placed on them from extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities. A) Euphoria B) Stress C) Degeneration D) Disease

stress

A company that decides to decentralize its sales procedures is managing ________ changes. A) strategy B) structural C) people D) technological

structural

Colin believes his organization could be more profitable if it could respond to customers more quickly so he has decided to remove some management layers and increase the remaining managers' span of control. These would be considered changes in ________. A) degree of centralization B) structural components C) structural design D) structural process

structural components

After Body-Met acquired Uni-Dyne, the company reorganized around geographic divisions instead of function. This action represents changes in ________ A) people B) structural design C) structural components D) strategy

structural design

After several expansions and acquisitions that resulted in duplicate positions of several administrative functions, U.S. Big Corp. decided to reorganize itself around customers rather than around functions. This would amount to a change in ________. A) structural components B) selection process C) structural design D) degree of centralization

structural design

Workers in the Millennial generation prefer ________. A) work-life balance and opportunity for advancement B) inclusion and acceptance C) fairness and integration D) teamwork and connection

teamwork and connection

As chief of new product development for a U.S. consumer goods firm, Carmen should be very aware that ________ is likely to have the greatest influence on consumer preferences for the next few decades. A) declining birth rates B) increasing inflation C) changes in religion D) the aging of the population

the aging of the population

Sales are down; unemployment is up. Evergreen Park Homes can no longer support its current level of production. Evergreen is facing a change in ________. A) consumer preferences B) technology C) government regulations D) the economy

the economy

In workplace jargon, the term "glass ceiling" refers to ________. A) the cumulative difference between opportunities and rewards offered to male and female employees B) the perceived difference in cognitive abilities between male and female employees C) the theoretical organizational level beyond which no discrimination exists D) the invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top management positions

the invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top management positions

During which era was the term "workforce diversity" first used? A) the early 1980s B) new millennium C) The 1960s to 1970s D) the late 1980s

the late 1980's

An innovative culture is likely to have ________. A) low tolerance of risks B) tolerance of conflict C) high external controls D) closed-system focus

tolerance of conflict

When a member of her team offers an "off-the-wall" solution to a team problem, Martina has to contend with what cultural variable? A) tolerance of risk B) tolerance of the impractical C) tolerance of conflict D) focus on ends

tolerance of the impractical

Raul is concerned that when his older workers retire, he will not be able to fill their positions because ________. A) too few students are receiving the solid math and science education required in high-growth industries B) younger workers are less likely to dedicate themselves to the job to the degree that older workers do. C) only older workers understand the history of their organizations D) young workers lack even minimal communication skills

too few students are receiving the solid math and science education required in high-growth industries

A ________ personality is characterized by chronic feelings of a sense of time urgency, an excessive competitive drive, and difficulty accepting and enjoying leisure time. A) Type A B) Type B C) Type X D) Type Y

type A

________ represent basic convictions about what is right and wrong. A) Dogmas B) Beliefs C) Values D) Principles

values

________ defined as the basic convictions about right and wrong decisions and behavior. A) Beliefs are B) Principles are C) Ethics is D) Values are

values are

When is the traditional top-down approach to planning most likely to be effective? A) when the plans focus on developing a large number of plans and carefully documenting them B) when the management avoids the use of a formal planning department C) when plans are developed that can actually be used by organizational members D) when lower-level employees develop plans

when plans are developed that can actually be used by organizational members

Employees who raise ethical concerns or issues in an organization are known as ________. A) employee-volunteers B) whistle-blowers C) philanthropist D) entrepreneurs

whistle-blowers