MANG 224 Final

The best response to problems related to standards is to make the performance standard:

more appropriate (The best response to problems related to standards is to make the performance standard more appropriate. The supervisor may need to make the standard less stringent or more challenging.)

Reinforcement differs from punishment in that it is:

more effective in the long term. For long-term results, reinforcement is more effective than punishment. Psychologists have found that repeated punishment (or failure) can lead to an unhappy consequence called "learned helplessness."

Span of control is the:

number of people a manager supervises. Span of control is the number of people a manager supervises. The more people the manager supervises, the greater the span of control.

A Theory X manager assumes that:

people wish to avoid responsibility. Theory X is a set of management attitudes based on the view that people dislike work and must be coerced to perform. A Theory X manager assumes that people wish to avoid responsibility.

The parity principle states that:

personnel must have equal amounts of authority and responsibility. The parity principle states that personnel must have equal amounts of authority and responsibility. Parity is the quality of being equal or equivalent.

Counseling is best defined as the:

process of learning about an individual's personal problem and helping in its resolution. Counseling refers to the process of learning about an individual's personal problem and helping the employee resolve it.

In which of the following steps of the delegation process is a supervisor most likely to ask questions like, "Who can best do the job?" and "Who can save the most time?"

Assigning the work While assigning the work in the delegation process, a supervisor is most likely to ask questions like, "Who can best do the job?" and "Who can save the most time?" The decision may be based on who is best qualified or most efficient.

Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?

A manager giving an "Employee of the month" award with a certificate and gift vouchers Money is an example of an extrinsic reward, which is defined as a reward that is extraneous to the task accomplished. An "Employee of the month" award with a certificate and gift vouchers is an example of an extrinsic reward.

Which of the following exemplifies precontrol?

A production supervisor providing employees with guidelines about the detection of improperly functioning machinery (A production supervisor providing employees with guidelines about the detection of improperly functioning machinery is practicing precontrol. Precontrol refers to efforts aimed at preventing behavior that may lead to undesirable results.)

Which of the following tasks can most appropriately be delegated by supervisors to employees?

Administrative duties Administrative duties can most appropriately be delegated by supervisors to employees. A supervisor should not delegate some tasks, including personnel matters and activities assigned specifically to the supervisor. Thus, the supervisor should not assign duties such as appraising performance and resolving conflicts.

In the context of budgeting, big-ticket items such as machinery or a new building would most likely be part of a(n) _____ budget.

Capital In the context of budgeting, big-ticket items such as machinery or a new building would most likely be part of a capital budget. A budget is a plan for spending money.

A supervisor who says, "Be on time tomorrow, or you're fired!" is using _____ power.

Coercive Coercive power arises from fear related to the use of force. A supervisor who says, "Be on time tomorrow, or you're fired!" is using coercive power.

Cindy, the supervisor of a marketing team, is concerned about John's continuous poor performance and arranges to have a meeting with him. This session helps Cindy identify that John was facing a problem of substance abuse. She then suggests that John take a disability leave to get treatment. Which of the following approaches to counseling has Cindy adopted?

Directive counseling In the given scenario, Cindy has used directive counseling. Directive counseling is an approach to counseling in which a supervisor asks an employee questions about a specific problem; when the supervisor understands the problem, he or she suggests ways to handle it.

__________ refers to the characteristics of individuals that shape their identities and the experiences they have in society.

Diversity (Diversity is defined as the characteristics of individuals that shape their identities and the experiences they have in society. It is generally broken into two groups: primary diversity and secondary diversity.)

Organizational communication in which a message is sent to someone at a lower level is referred to as:

Downward communication (when someone sends a message to a person at a lower level, downward communication is occurring. A supervisor is receiving a downward communication when listening to instructions or an evaluation from his or her manager or when reading a memo from top management describing a new company policy.)

Identify a fact about aid in and evaluation of recovery.

Employee assistance programs (EAPs) are voluntary and confidential in nature. An employee assistance program (EAP) is a company-based program for providing counseling and related help to employees whose personal problems affect their performance. These programs are voluntary (employees do not have to participate unless they want to) and confidential (participation is a private matter).

Expressions such as "get the nod" have more than one meaning. This emphasizes the fact that:

English has the potential to mislead, and certain word should be used with care (expressions such as "get the nod" have more than one meaning. This emphasizes the fact that English has the potential to mislead, and certain words should be used with care. The English language is full of slang, idioms, and borrowed expressions.)

Jim was praised by his manager for his work. In this case, according Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Jim's _____ needs have been met.

Esteem Esteem needs are the needs for self-esteem and the respect of others. Acceptance and praise are two ways these needs are met. Hence, Jim's esteem needs have been met.

Which of the following is a requisite for a change agent?

Expertise in the area affected The change agent or the person trying to bring about the change should have skills in implementing change and solving the related problems, as well as expertise in the area affected.

When feedback is critical, which of the following is the most effective mode of communication?

Face to face communication (the easiest way to get feedback is to send an oral message. If feedback is critical, face to face communication is more effective than a telephone conversation because the person delivering the message can watch facial expressions as well as hear reactions.)

Which characteristic of effective controls is important mainly because of incompatible performance measures?

Flexibility Controls should be flexible. One reason flexibility is important is that performance measures might be incompatible.

Which is the first stage of the team development process?

Forming(Forming is the first stage of the team development process in which the team members become acquainted with one another and oriented to the idea that they are part of a team. During this phase of team development, members will explore what is expected of them as part of the team, as well as the different strengths of the other team members.)

_____ are an invaluable tool with which supervisors can closely monitor and control the progress and performance of a project.

Gantt charts Gantt charts are an invaluable tool with which supervisors can closely monitor and control the progress and performance of a project. When considering how to monitor performance, the supervisor can start with some basic tools used by most managers.

A _____ structure results when an organization is departmentalized according to the location of the customers served or the goods or services produced.

Geographic A geographic structure results when an organization is departmentalized according to the location of the customers served or the goods or services produced. A manufacturing company might have a department for each of its factories scattered around the world.

Team members should view accomplishing objectives as the team's primary purpose because they give them the direction and purpose. Which of the following characteristics associated with team productivity best corresponds to this statement?

Goals that are understood and accepted(In the context of characteristics associates with team productivity, goals that are understood and accepted give the team purpose and direction. Therefore, team members should view accomplishing them as the team's primary purpose.)

Two or more people who interact with one another, are aware of one another, and think of themselves as a unit are most accurately termed as a

Group(A group means two or more people who interact with one another, are aware of one another, and think of themselves as a unit. In today's business world, these groups include both those who work together in person as well as those who work together virtually using the various tools made available courtesy of the Internet).

Group members with the highest status:

Have the most effect on the development of group norms(a group member's status is his or her position realative to others in the group. Group members with the highest status have the most effect on the development of group norms.)

Ameen, Amir, and Ehsan work at Fenzel Inc. They are from the Middle-East. They love soccer. They perform as a team at their workplace. Their hobbies include music and cooking. In the context of characteristics of a group, Ameen, Amir, and Ehsan belong to a(n) _____ group.

Homogenous(In this scenario, Ameen, Amir, and Ehsan belong to a homogenous group. The degree to which the members of a group are the same is known as homogeneity. Thus, a homogeneous group is one in which group members have a lot in common.)

Which of the following is a true statement about helping problem employees?

In small organizations, it is legal for supervisors to get support from outside experts. Supervisors can get support from their superiors, the organization's human resources department, and outside experts. In small organizations with no human resource staff, a supervisor and his or her manager may agree that the problem requires the help of outside experts.

Greta is the manager of a company who has implemented a payments-for-suggestions plan whereby employees get paid for providing valid suggestions that can help the company. She found that not many employees came forward with suggestions. Upon further investigation, she found out that employees did not think that they would actually be paid for making the suggestions. So, she made the payments-for-suggestions plan part of their work contract which guaranteed that they would be paid. According to Vroom's expectancy-valence theory, Greta has increased _____ to motivate her employees.

Instrumentality Instrumentality is the perceived probability that a promised reward will actually be received. In order for an employee to submit a winning suggestion, he or she should be fairly certain that the behavior will be rewarded as promised. By making it certain that the employees will be rewarded, Greta has increased the instrumentality of her plan.

A supervisor had a conflict with her manager due to the misunderstanding of a situation. As what type of conflict can this be best categorized?

Interpersonal conflict This conflict can be best categorized as an interpersonal conflict. Supervisors may be involved in interpersonal conflicts with their manager, an employee, a peer, or even a customer. Interpersonal conflicts may arise from differing opinions, misunderstandings of a situation, or differences in values or beliefs.

Which of the following is true of grapevine communication?

It can happen online The grapevine today is not just conversations at the coffee station or drinking fountain. Rumors and gossip are as likely to spread online.

Which of the following statements is true about the storming stage of team development?

It is a period of conflict in which group members assert their different roles on the team(Storming is the second stage of team development. Storming describes a period of conflict in which group members assert their different roles on the team. This period of group development is also often perceived as stressful, largely because group members try to delineate exactly what each member's specific role will be.)

Which of the following is a weakness of an organic organization?

It requires cooperation from all the members (he weakness of organic type of organization is that it requires cooperation from all the members, which in the real world does not always occur.)

Which of the following statements is true about discrimination?

Its based-on prejudice (Discrimination refers to the unfair or inequitable treatment based on prejudice. It is prohibited by law.)

Which of the following is least likely to be included in job descriptions?

Job posting Job posting is least likely to be included in job descriptions. A good job description should be clear and should accurately define a company's needs.

Employees sometimes use their company-supplied computers for social networking. Many employers have handled such problems by blocking the Web sites that are most visited. Which of the following causes the most difficulty in handling such problems in recent times?

Many employees bring their own mobile devices to work. Some employers install software on their computer systems to monitor employees' keystrokes or the Web sites they visit. The software analyzes the data to identify where nonwork-related computer activity is occurring. Today, however, these practices are more difficult because so many employees bring their own mobile devices to work.

The management at Pine Inc. reduces the size of the company's workforce in order to become more flexible. For specific projects requirements, it arranges alliances. In this case, Pine Inc. is an example of a(n) _____ organization.

Network In the scenario, Pine Inc. is an example of network organization. Network organizations maintain flexibility by staying small and contracting with other individuals and organizations as needed to complete projects.

Which of the following statements is true about older workers?

Older workers are more afraid of discrimination than of change (research has found that older workers are more afraid of discrimination than of change. Discrimination based on age is called ageism.)

Successful teamwork requires _____ communication among team members.

Open (A team leader should create a climate of trust and openness and encourage team members to collaborate. A team leader must recognize positive communication in team because successful teamwork requires open and positive communication among team members.)

Which of the following statements about nonverbal messages is true?

Our facial expressions, postures, and even silence provide nonverbal cues (major types of nonverbal messages are gestures, posture, tone of voice, facial expression, and even silence. We learn the meaning of many such messages simply by participating in our culture.)

A scheduling tool that most efficiently identifies the relationships among tasks as well as the amount of time each task will take is called a:

PERT network. The program evaluation and review technique (PERT) is a scheduling tool that identifies the relationships among tasks and the amount of time each task will take. To use this tool, the planner creates a PERT network.

According to the _____ principle, when someone accepts a responsibility, he or she also needs enough authority to be able to carry out that responsibility.

Parity According to the parity principle, when someone accepts a responsibility, he or she also needs enough authority to be able to carry out that responsibility. In other words, personnel must have equal amounts of authority and responsibility.

_____ refers to efforts aimed at preventing behavior that may lead to undesirable results.

Precontrol (Precontrol refers to efforts aimed at preventing behavior that may lead to undesirable results. Such efforts may include setting rules, policies, and procedures.)

If a supervisor assumes that an old worker is not as physically strong as a young worker, he or she is making judgments based on _____.

Prejudice (If a supervisor assumes that an old worker is not as physically strong as a young worker, he or she is making judgments based on prejudice. Prejudice is a preconceived judgment about an individual or group of people.)

Erick, the night supervisor of Harold's Hamburgers, believes that teenagers are unreliable and therefore avoids hiring them. In this scenario, Erick is displaying _____.

Prejudice (In this scenario, Erick is displaying prejudice. Prejudice refers to a preconceived judgment about an individual or group of people.)

Which of the following is often at the root of ageism?

Prejudices (often, prejudices are at the root of ageism. Discrimination based on age is called ageism)

While talking about their supervisors, a group of employees at GreenWire Corp. agreed that one of the supervisors, Samuel, has a winning personality. They found out that they like working for him and often did more than what they were asked to do because they wanted Samuel to like them. From the given information, we can infer that Samuel has _____ power.

Referent Samuel has referent power. Referent power comes from the emotions a person inspires. Some supervisors seem to light up the room when they enter; they have a winning personality that includes enthusiasm, energy, and genuine enjoyment of the job. People like working for such a supervisor and often perform beyond the call of duty because they want the supervisor to like them. A person with referent power is often called "charismatic."

Which of the following should a supervisor refrain from doing?

Resolving employees' financial difficulties It is essential for supervisors to remember that they lack training to help with many kinds of problems. They are not in a position to save a marriage, resolve an employee's financial difficulties, or handle an alcoholic family member. A supervisor should help an employee solve a problem only when qualified to do so. In other cases, a supervisor should simply listen, express concern, and refer the employee to a trained professional.

_____ is the obligation to perform assigned activities.

Responsibility Responsibility is the obligation to perform assigned activities. People who accept responsibility commit themselves to completing an assignment to the best of their ability.

James works as a supervisor at FastLoops Co. He transferred his most hardworking night-shift worker, Mary, to the day shift, which she had been wanting for a long time. Which type of power did James use to reinforce hard work?

Reward power James used reward power in this scenario. Reward power arises from giving people something they want. The reward given by a supervisor might be a raise, recognition, or assignment to a desired shift.

Anna goes for a meditation retreat in India to attain spirituality. According Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need is she trying to satisfy?

Self-actualization need Self-actualization needs describe the desire to live up to your full potential. People on the path to meeting these needs will not only be doing their best at work and at home but also be developing mentally, spiritually, and physically. Anna is trying to satisfy her self-actualization needs by developing herself spiritually.

Which of the following statements is true about inferences?

Statements using the words "never" and "always" are inferences (statements using the words "never" and "always" are inferences. A supervisor may claim, "You're always late" ----knowing for certain that the employee has been late to work six days straight. However, the supervisor cannot know for certain what the employee always does)

________________are generalized, fixed images of others.

Stereotypes (Stereotypes are generalized, fixed images of others. They should be avoided when dealing with racial and cultural differences.)

Which of the following is true about conducting effective meetings?

Supervisors should steer discussions back on course by focusing on the behaviors of the participants (In steering the discussion back on course, it is important to avoid ridiculing the participants and to respect their efforts to contribute. The supervisor can do this by focusing on the effects of particular kinds of behavior instead of on the personalities of the participants.)

In the context of communicating in organization, the grapevine is:

The path along which informal communication travels (The path along which informal communication travels is known as the grapevine. The grapevine is important to supervisors because employees use it as a source of information.)

One of the least common reasons for employees' unscheduled absences is: entitlement mentality.

The reasons for unscheduled absences are varied. One of the least common reasons is entitlement mentality.

According to McGregor's _____, working is as natural an activity as resting or playing, and people will work hard to achieve objectives to which they are committed.

Theory Y According to McGregor's Theory Y, working is as natural an activity as resting or playing, and people will work hard to achieve objectives to which they are committed. They can learn to seek responsibility and to be creative in solving organizational problems.

Which of the following is true of bulletin board notices used in organizations?

They are impersonal ways to send messages (to communicate a single message to many people, the organization may use posters and electronic or printed bulletin board notices. These are efficient but impersonal ways to send messages, so they usually supplement more personal types of communication.)

Which of the following statements about stereotypes is true?

They occur because human beings prefer things that are more familiar (Stereotypes occur because human beings prefer things that are more familiar. They are generalized, fixed images of others.)

_____________ created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that bars discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Title VII of 1964 Civil Rights Act as amended in 1972 (The Equal Employment Oppourtunity Commission (EEOC) was instituted by Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act as amended in 1972. The EEOC consists of five members appointed by the president to serve a five-year term. )

Lorenzo, who works as a supervisor at Travelus Corp., notices that one of the employees, Maya, takes very long coffee breaks while socializing with her colleagues. before more punitive measures are taken, Lorenzo decides to tell her something that is unpleasant to hear but fulfills the important purpose of informing her about the consequences of this behavior. From the given information, we can infer that Lorenzo has decided to give Maya a _____.

Warning From the given information, we can infer that Lorenzo has decided to give Maya a warning. A warning is unpleasant to hear but fulfills the important purpose of informing employees about the consequences of their behavior before more punitive measures are taken. Suspension, demotion, and discharge are more upsetting to an employee because they hurt the employee in the pocketbook.

When initiating conflict resolution, the supervisor should:

act as soon as he or she is aware of the problem. When initiating conflict resolution, a supervisor should act as soon as he or she is aware of the problem. As the problem continues, a supervisor is likely to get increasingly emotional about it, which only makes resolution more difficult.

The factor that differentiates McClelland's theory from Maslow's theory is that, McClelland's theory:

assumes different people have different patterns of needs. McClelland's theory differs from Maslow's in that it assumes different people have different patterns of needs, whereas Maslow's theory assumes the same pattern of needs for all people. Thus, McClelland considers individual differences.

If money is to work as a motivator, it should:

be seen as achievable by employees. If money is to work as a motivator, it should be seen as achievable by employees. Thus, if a theater company offers its staff a bonus for selling a given number of season ticket subscriptions over the telephone, the bonus will motivate the employees only if they believe they can sell that many tickets.

We learn the meaning of nonverbal messages:

by participating in our culture (we learn the meaning of many such nonverbal messages simply by participating in our culture. Because we learn the meaning of these messages from our culture, people from different cultures have different nonverbal vocabularies.)

In the context of program evaluation and review technique (PERT), the sequence of tasks that requires the greatest amount of time is referred to as the:

critical path. The sequence of tasks that will require the greatest amount of time is referred to as the critical path. A delay in the critical path will cause the entire project to fall behind.

When responding to a conflict where the other person is emotional, one should:

first let that person vent those feelings. The constructive way to respond to a conflict is first to listen to the other person and try to understand what the problem is really about. If the other person is emotional, let that person vent those feelings, then get down to discussing the problem.

Managers are generally unable to control the grapevine of information as:

it generally springs up on its own (Managers are generally unable to control the grapevine of information as it generally springs up on its own. However, knowing about the grapevine can help the supervisor seek out and correct misinformation.)

The difference between directive and nondirective counseling is that the latter:

lets the employee analyze the cause behind his or her indulgence in problem behavior. The difference between directive and nondirective counseling is that the latter lets the employee analyze the cause behind his or her indulgence in problem behavior. Nondirective counseling is an approach to counseling in which the supervisor primarily listens, encouraging the employee to look for the source of the problem and propose possible solutions.

Frederick Herzberg found that employees are most productive when organizations:

provide a combination of desirable hygiene factors and motivating factors. Frederick Herzberg found that employees are most productive when organizations provide a combination of desirable hygiene factors and motivating factors. According to this theory, an organization cannot ensure that its employees will be satisfied and productive simply by giving them a big pay raise every year.