Massage Principles & Practice Review
The simplest forms of life that can exist as independent sef-sustaining units are
Cells
Massage can temporarily alter the shape and appearance of __________ by flattening out adipose globuse located under the skin, making them seem smoother
Cellulite
Often referred to as the axis
Centrum or body
The weight-bearing part to which the intervertebral disks attach
Centrum or body
The largest region of the brain that governs all higher functions (language, memory, reasoning, and some aspects of personality) is the
Cerebrum
The regions of the brain are the
Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain stem
The voluntary process of completing training in knowledge and skill by a nongovernment institution such as a trade school is called
Certification
Pertaining to the neck
Cervical
Circular movement
Circumduction
Physical or harm sustained by the client due to lack of knowledge or sensitivity on the therapist's behalf is called
Client neglect
A metabolic disorder that is the result of a deficiency of the hormone insulin is called
Diabetes mellitus
Pertaining to a digit; fingers and toes
Digital
Straightening or increasing the angle of a joint
Extension
The muscle causing the desired action
Agonist or Prime mover
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is also called
Alarm response
The best way to learn massage strokes is from
An experienced and caring instuctor
Linea aspera
Femur
Lateral malleolus
Fibula
Wate-soluble vitamins are
B & C
The pressure exerted by blood on an arterial wall during the contraction of the left ventricle is called
Blood pressure
Pertaining to the calf area of the lower leg
Calg
The endocrine system consists of the endocrine glands and their glandular secretions called
Cappilaries
Wrist bones that are arranged in two rows of four bones
Carpals
External auditory meatus
Frontal bone
Mastoid process
Frontal bone
Believed to respond to cold
Krause's end bubls
The connective tissue membranes that envelop the CNS are the
Meninges
Membranes that line openings to the outer-side of the body
Mucous membranes
Located in almost every tissue of the body, the receptor for detecting pain is a
Nociceptor
Which of the following is not a function of the nervous system
Nutrient Transport
Foramen magnum
Occipital bone
Cells located in bone that breaks down oseous tisue to maintain homeostasis
Osteoclasts
Pressure sensitive; responds to skin displacement and high-frequency vibration
Pacinian's corpuscles
Referring to the anterior surface or the palm of hand
Palmar
Because it breaks down all catagories of digestible foods, the most important digestive gland is the
Pancreas
Which infectious agent can only replicate themselves within the cell nucleus of a living plant or animat host
Parasites
Referrinto the walls of a cavity or an organ
Parietal
Stretching can be done _______ by the therapist with no assistance from the client or _____ by the client with no assistance from the therapist
Passively / actively
Knee cap; largest sesamoid bone in the body
Patella
The chest area: bt the neck and superior to the respiratory diaphragm
Pectoral
Referring to the foot/feet
Pedal
A network of intersecting nerves is reffered to as a
Plexus
The area located on the posterior aspect of the knoee
Popliteal
The two positional considerations during the massage are
Position of the table; position of the client
Pertaining more to the back
Posterior
Which of the following best decribes bile
Processed by using worn-out RBC's An emulsifier that also offers deordorizing properties Gives urine and stool their characteristic color
Proteins and formed elements of the blood are too large to cross the memebrans and are ______ by the bloodstream
Retained
Movement backward
Retraction
"Christmas tree muscle"
Rhomboids
An ordered repetition of strong and weak elements in the delivery of the massage strokes is
Rhythm
Long, slender, curved bones of the thoracic cavity
Ribs
The "neurovascular entrappers" are pectoralis minor and the
Scalenes
Caracoid process
Scapula
Referring to the shoulder blade area
Scapular
Which of the following is NOT one of the 12 cranial nerves
Sciatic
Lateral curvature of the vertebral column in the thoracic region
Scoliosis
The preferred position for pregnant women, the elderly, recent surgery clients, and a variety of other conditions is
Seated position
Which exocrine gland is associated with the hair follicle and screte sebum (fatty lubricant)
Sebaceous glands
The valves located b/t both ventricles and their adjacent arteries are the
Semilunar valves
Which are the three hamstring muscles
Semitendinosus semimembranosus Biceps femoris
The largest organ in the body by weight
Skin
Slow, held stretches, consisting of bringing a muscle to full extension and then maintaining the pressure necessary to keep the muscle in extension from 1 to 3 seconds, depending on the stretching idiology involved, is
Static stretching
What is the combination of water, friction, soap, or other disinfecting agents eliminate the presence of microorganisms called
Sterilization
Commony called the ankle bone
Talus
Which of the following is involved with spending body resources and preparing the body for emergeny situations
CNS
Which of the nervous system conserves body resources and represents a body calmness
CNS
The nervous system is divided into two major divisions
CNS (Central) PNS (perpheral)
Heel bone
Calcaneus
The carcoplasmic reticulum stores copious amounts of
Calcium
A saddle joint, permiting all movements except rotation
Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
The largest and most complex joint in the body
Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
Which region of the brain concerns muscle tone, coordinates skeletal muscles and balance (posture intregration and equilibrium) controls fine and gross motor movements
Cerebellum
Although lymph nodes are located along all lymphatic vessels, they collect superficially in three areas on ech side of the body and are the
Cervical nodes, axillary nodes, and inguinal nodes
The work generally credited as being the first book in the field of sports medicine was
De Arte Gemnastica
Resembles gluteals in structure; abducts, adducts, and elevates the shoulder
Deltoid
The curve of the shoulder and upper arm formed by the large deltoid muscle
Deltoid
A typically short, narrow, and highly branched extension of the nerve cell that receives stimuli from the other neurons and that moves it toward the cell body
Dendrite
The spatial distance into the body's tissue that is achieved through pressure application is
Depth
Collagen and elastin are fibers in cells of the
Dermis
Which layer is know as the true skin
Dermis
A metabolic disorder characterized by excessive thirst and urination and caused by a deficiency in antidiuretic hormone is
Diabetes insipidus
Factors that influence blood pressure and blood flow
Diameter of the blood vessels, resistance, and blood viscosity Cardiac output and blood volume Feedback from chemorecptors and baroreptors
The part of the brain that houses the thalamus and hypothalamus is the
Diancephalon
Which muscle expands the chest cavity by pully the belly of the muscle down via the central tendon
Diaphragm
The end of a long bone is called a
Diaphysis
The three types of functional articulation are symarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and
Diarthrotic
External and internal respiration takes place by which mechanism
Diffusion
Movement of dissolved substances from higher to lower concentration the require no energy
Diffusion
What is the mechanical and chemical process that occurs as food is converted into an absorbable state
Digestion
The body system that involves the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation
Digestive System
Benefits of friction
Dilates capillaries, increases circulation, reduces swelling, loosens stiffness in joints by relaxing muscles, breaks down and coaxes apart adhered tissue, and freeing restricted areas
This is NOT a benefit of effleurage
Directly lifts the muscle belly away from the underlying bone
What is the process of removal of pathogenic microorgansms by a chemical or mechanical agent
Disinfection
Farther from the point of reference
Distal
Hormones that regulate the growth and secretory activity of other endocrine glands are called
Dominant hormones
Which of the following cavities contains the brain and spinal cord
Dorsal
The two main body cavities are called
Dorsal and ventral cavities
Foot hyerextension
Dorsiflexion
The three dicision fo the small intestines, from beginning to end
Doudenum, jejunum, and ileum
What element of massage provides a professional atmosphere that supports the client's need for modesty and comfort, in a that provides access to individual body parts
Draping
The amount of massage lubricant is determined by the intent of the massage and the
Dryness of the skin
As urine is formed, it is collected in tubules and routed into larger papillary ducts called the
Ducts of Bellini
Which structure contains the sphincter Oddi and the major duodenal papilla
Duodenum
Which of the following statements is NOT true, regarding Esalen massage and Swedish massage
Esalen massage is designed to create and overall sense of well-being
Which division of the alimentary canal transport food to the stomach
Esophogus
Movement where the sole of the foot is turned outward
Eversion
Which of the following is a function of the respiratory system
Exchange of gases
Which of the following is NOT a function of the muscular system
Exchanging of gases
Nerve impulses are accomplished by two characteristics of neurons
Excitability and conductivity
The distance traveled on the client's body or the length of a massage stroke is called
Excursion
During this phase of pulmonary ventilation, air moves out of the lungs due to elastic recoil of the alveoli
Exhalation
The incomplete sections of the tracheal rings allow the esophagus to
Expand into the trachea when swallowing food and bolus
"tea drinkers muscle"
Extensor digitorum minimi
Which table accessory allows your client to keep his head and neck relatively straight when lying prone
Face rest
Endangerment sites
Femoral triangle Brachialis plexus Styloid process of temporal bone
Greater Trochanter
Femur
Guteal tuberosity
Femur
A tough, dense material that has the greatest tensile strength and that is found in the intervertebral disks, in the meniscus of the knee joint, and bt the pubic bones
Fibrocartilage
A chronic inflammatory disease that affects muscle and related connective tissues
Fibromalgia
Fluids that cross from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule are reffered to as
Filtrate
The movement of particles across the cellular membrane due to the force of pressure is called
Filtration
Filtration of the blood and the formation of urine is a three-step process. what is the correct procedural order
Filtration, reabsorption, and tubular secretions
Also referred to as light effleurage, which of the following ancillary stroke is a very light fingertip tracing over the surface of the skin and is often a finishing move in massage
Finale feathering
The three basic catagories of vibration are
Fine, course, and wrining
Which structure, located in the afferent arterioles, monitors changes in blood pressure
Juxtaglomerular cells
Conditions or situations that merit caution and adaptive measures to ensure the massage is safe and that the client is comfortable are called
Indications
Situated below or tail end
Inferior
The process of orally taking material into the body is called
Ingestion
The function of the digestive sysem are
Ingestion, Digestion, absorbtion, and defacation
Contaction and descending of the diaphragm causes
Inhalation
Breathing has two machanical phases
Inhalation/exhalation
What is the moving attachment of a muscle called
Insertion
Which of the following body systems is involved in protection of the body by acting as a physical, biological, and chemical barrier; in regulation of body temp; and in synthesis of Vitamin D
Integumentary System
These bones glide across one another to create a sliding motion
Intercarpal joint
Located bt the ribs; muscle of respiration
Intercostals
Chief cells produce
Intrinsic factor and hydrochoric acid
Mediated by the golgi tendon organs, this stretch reflex is stimulated by slow, low-force stretches, inhibiting regular muscle contraction, which allows for maximum stretching
Inverse stretch reflex
Movement where the sole of the foot is turned inward
Inversion
Related tot he same side
Ipsilateral
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of blood
Is red in arteries and blue in veins
Ischial tuberosity
Ischium
Skeletal muscle contraction in which there is an increase in tension but no change in muscle length
Isometric
Western massage texts tend to use French term, primarily bc of the efforts of
Johann Mezger
A spontaneous reaction of pain or discomfort that may cause a client to wince, jump, pr verbalize upon application of pressure is the
Jump sign
For the MT to provide a safe procedure, she must be trained in human physiololgy and pathophysiology, first aid, CPR, and
Knowledge of endangerment sites
The phagocytic cells in the liver that eat bacteria and other foreign material out of the blood before sending it thorugh the hepatic vein is called
Kupffer's cells
An exaggeration of the normal posterior thoracic curve
Kyphosis
The flattened portior of the vertebral arch
Lamina
AKA the atlas
Lanima
Oriented away from the midline
Lateral
Widest muscle in the body; "swimmers muscle"
Latissimus dorsi
If Mrs. Brown's right shoulder is elevated, which muscle would you most likely find contracted
Levator scapula
The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and
Ligaments
Whithin the cerebrum are regions named for the bones they lie beneath, these regions are called
Lobes
Incoluntary firing or twitching in a muscle in response to the sensory stimulation (pressure) on the trigger point is
Local twitch response
The most widely distributed connective tissue, which is regardes as the packing material of the body
Loose connective tissue
An exaggeration of the normal anterior lumbar curve
Lordosis
Pertaining to the area of the back bt the ribs of the thorax and hips of the pelvis
Lumbar
The paired organs of respiration are the
Lungs
Which of the follwing are bean-shaped structures that collect and filter lymph
Lymph nodes
The lymphatic system consists of
Lymph, lymph vessles, and the lymph organs
The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of the
Macual densa and teh juxtaglomerular
Which of the following stuctures monitors the concentration of the fitrate
Macula densa
Sports massage is specifically tailored to the athlete and consists of two main catagories
Maintenance and event Maintenance and pre-event Maintenance and post-event
The most lethal type of skin cancer is
Malignant Melanoma
Mental foramen
Mandible
The systematic and scientific manipulation of the soft tissues of the body is called
Massage
The four main muscles of mastication are
Masseter Temporalis Pterygoid medialis & lateralis
Infraorbital foramen
Maxilla
The most stationary attachemnt of a muscle is the
Origin
The reabsorption of water that occuurs in the renal tubule, returning into the peritubular capillary system, takes place by what mechanism
Osmosis
The muscle fiber arrangement with a central tendon and muscle fibers extending from the tendon diagonally is
Penniform
The sac surrounding the heart is called
Pericardium/pericardial sac
The fibrous membrane covering bone that is the bone's life support system
Periosteum
Pertaining more to the outside or periphery or exernal
Peripheral
The largest serous membrane of the body
Peritoneum
Where does water reabsorption occur
Peritubilar capillaries
Consists of a cycle of rhythmic lifting of the muscle tissues away from the bone or underlying structures with the hollow of the palms, followed by firmly kneading or squeezing the muscle with a gentle pull toward the therapist, ending with a release of the tissue
Petrissage
Usually located in the ileum and jejunum of the small intestines, these groups of lymphatic nodes combat pathogens
Peyer's patches
Most distal bones of each finger and thumb
Phalanges
Another name for the throat is the
Pharynx
Contraindications for massage
Phlebitis, thrombus, and varicosity
Sensory receptors that are sensitive to light stimuli are called
Photoreceptors
The medical field of physical medicine and rehabilitation is known as
Physiatry
How the body functions in normal body process is called
Physiology
Electrotherapy and hydrotherapy are methods of
Physiotherapy
When a pathogen is abosrbed rather than "eaten" by these cells, this process is known as
Pinocytosis
There are six hip rotators; they are
Piriformis Obturator internus Obtuartor externus Gemellus superior Gemellus inferior Quadratus femoris
Pertaining to the bottom surface of the foot or sole
Plantar
Extension or planting the toes in the earth
Plantarflexion
Which of the following are mechanisms for blood clotting
Platelete plug Coagulation Vasvular spasm
Repetitive motion injuries are cause by
Repeated flexing and extending of a joint against resistance and manual manipulation of tools or other equipment
Poor working posture and hand technique can increase stress on the joints creating
Repetitive motion injuries
Stretching that involves the therapist's applying gentle resistance while the client is actively engaging in the stretch
Resisted or isometric
Which of the follwoing body systems is involved with oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, the sense of smell, and speech production
Respiratory System
The main muscles of respiration
Respiratory diaphram
Infections by fungal agents include
Ringworms and Thrush
Photorecptors that are very sensitive to dim light (night vision) and shades of black, white, and grey are
Rods
Four shoulder muscles collectively called the "SITS" muscles
Rotator cuff
Responds to deep and continuous pressure and heat
Ruffini's end organs
The two urinary bladder structures that allow for expansion are the
Rugae and transitional epithelium
The main part of the heart;s conducting system is the
SA node AV bundle AV node All are important parts of the conducting system of the heart
Torticollis affects which muscle
SCM
Which is the only muscle that moves the head but does not attach to any vertebrae
SCM
Pertaining to the sacrum or sacral area of the spinal column
Sacral
Located bt the sacrum and the ilium
Sacroiliac joint
Seperates the two parietal bones
Sagital sutures
A clear, nondigestible, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary and mucoud glands in the oral cavity
Saliva
Which is NOT a type of membrane found in the body
Salivary
The functional contractile unit in muscle fibers composed of actin and myosin filaments is the
Sarcomere
Longest muscle in the body' "tailor's muscle"
Sartorius
Fats are classified as
Saturated or unsaturated
Slow, light, and rhythmic movements are soothing to the nerves because they produce a low level of excitement to the nervous system, whereas vigorous movements
Stimlate the nervous system
The most widespread epithelium that is arranged in layers over the skin and that lines most of the hollow structures
Stratified squamous epithelium
The superficial layer of the epidermis is
Stratum corneum
According to Bonnie Prudden, MT's can be classified in which occupation
Strenous occupations
AKA as myotasis, which of the following involves elongating or extending the muscle tissue to its full length
Stretching
When a muscle is extended
Stretching
Which exocrine glands secrete sweat
Subdoriferous glands
Name the three salivary glands
Submandibular glands submaxillary glands sublingual glands
According to Dr. Travell the "ghost headaches" muscle
Suboccipitals
A muscle involved in frozen shoulder
Subscapularis
What are the four rotator cuff muscles (SITS)
Subscapularis Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Teres minor
Situated above or toward the head
Superior
Lateral rotation or outward rotation
Supination
Lying for or belly up in a horizontal, recumbent positon
Supine
Which of the rotator cuff muscles does not rotate the humerus
Supraspinatus
By what mechanism does the skon help in regulating the body's temp
Sweating
A system of active, passive, and resisted movements of the body's various joints and muscles, most often just the artful and fluid presentaion of passive ROM is called
Swedish gymnastics
The junction b/t two neurons, or b/t a neuron and a muscle or gland where information is transmitted, is a
Synapse
The neural structure where neurotransmitters are produced and stored is the
Synaptic bulb or nob
A muscle that assists the agonist or prime mover
Synergist
The viscous lubricating fluid associated with articulation
Synovial
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the cardiovascular system
Synthesizes Vitamins A, E, & D
In a blood pressure reading, the top number, which represents the pressure exerted on the arterial wall during active ventricular contraction, is called
Systole
Using bolsters, drapping, positioning the client, and adjusting the height of the massage table are all elements of
Table mechanics
Sustained digital pressure on specific areas in the muscle (trigger points) to relieve pain and discomfort is known as
Tender point
The fibrous cords of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Tendon
Inserts on the iliotibial band
Tensor fascia latae
What layer of connective tissue wraps around the entire muscle
Epimysium
The muscle that is responsible for the resisting or opposing action is called the
Antagonist
The bones of the skull, thorax, vertebral column, and the hyoid bone comprise the
Axial skeleton
Armpit; pyramid-shaped area formed by the underside of the anterior and posterior aspect of the shoulder
Axillary
The nerve fiber that is a single cylindrical extension of the cell and carries impulses away from the cell body
Axon
Which of the following are basic components of a cell
Cytoplasm Mitchochondria Nucleus
Tissue that lines the internal and the external organs of the body and lines the vessels and body cavities
Epithelial tissue
The paraspinalis reger to the tranversospinalis and the
Erector spinae
The most numerous blood cell
Erythrocytes
Nestled in spheric pockets on the superior and lateral surfaces of the tongue are
Gustatory organs
Pertaining to the ey area
Orbital
When a stimulus generates nerve impulse, it is conducted along the entire neuron neuron at its maximum capacity. this principle is the
All-or-none response
The balloonlike sacs made of epithelium are the
Alveoli
What are the building blocks for prtotein
Amino acids
The indentation in the medial aspect of the kidney, where the renal arteries, veins, and the ureters attach, is called the
Renal medulla
The two regions of the skeleton are the axial skeleton and the
Appendicular skeleton
What is the hair muscle called
Arrector pili
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart and have thick muscular walls are called
Arteries
When two or more bones come together, this is know as
Articulation
Who founded the ancient Greek "Methodist" school of thought, which supported a simplistic view of healing and restricted TX's to bathing, diet, massage, and a few drugs
Asclepiades
Handwashing or other _________ _________ destroy pathogenic microorgansisms from the forearms, hands, and nails
Aseptic techniques
Referred to as the yes/yes joint
Atlantoaxial joint
Rferred th as the no/no joint
Atlantoaxial joint
A decrease in the size of muscle cells or wasting away of muscles
Atrophy
His 11th-century Cannon of Medicine was an especially famous medical text that compiled the theoretical and prcatical medical knowledge of the time
Avicenna
When blood pressure drops of the chloride ion concentration of the fitrate drop, the juxtglohumeral apparatus responds by secreting
Renin
If an athlete has fast twitch A muscles, they are more likely suited for
Sprints
The four most common types of hormones
Steriod, peptide, biogenic amines, and eicosanoids
Manubrium
Sternum
Xiphoid process
Sternum
The "windpipe" is a common name for the
Trachea
The primary function of erythrocytes
Transport oxygen and a small amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
AKA as the vertebral prominens
Transverse process
The lateral projections from the lamina
Transverse process
"coat hanger muscle"
Trapezius
At rest, respiration cycles occur in adults about
12-14 times a minute
A normal blood pressure reading is considered
120/80
How many bones are in the human the human body
206
The ideal massage room temp is
68-75 degress
Two origins and one insertion; upper arm
Bicps brachii
Another word for body mechanics is
Biomechanics
The most popular massage table style is
A portable massage table
Some factors that affect respiration are
A sudden, severe pain an increase in body temperature an increase in carbon dioxide levels
When applying percussion/tapotement
Avoid after excercise because it can activate muscle spindles and avoid applying percussion over the kidney area bc it is not adequately protected by soft tissue
Fat-soluble vitamins are
A, D, E, and K
Movement away from the midian axis
Abduction
Which of the following would not be considered a recent development in alternative medicine
Accupuncture/Pressure
Which of the following is a neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine dopamine serotonin All
Which of the following is involved in skeletal muscle contraction
Actin and Myosin
Movement of molecules such as ions against the concentration gradient from low to high in order to maintain vital processes such as nerve conduction is called
Active transport
The different kinds of movements which are used in Ling's System of Medical Gymnastics are
Active, passive, duplicated
Stretching that is a combined effort b/t the therapist and client is known as
Active-passive
The five adductor musclesof the lower extremity are
Adductor magnus Adductor magnus Brevis Gracalis Pectineus
A specialized form of loose connective tissue that provides fuel reserves for energy expenditure, insulation, and a cushoun around certain structures, such as the kidneys, heart, and some joints
Adipose tissue
High-pressure vessels from the renal artery renal artery that feed the glomerular capillaries are the
Afferent Arterioles
The position in which the body is erect and facing forward, the arms by sides, the palms facing forward, and toes pointing forward
Anatomical position
The study of structures of the human body and their positional relationships to one another is known as
Anatomy
Pertaining to the forearm; bt the wrist and elbow
Antebrachium
Space in front of the elbow or at the bend of the elbow
Antecubital
The control of the water balance of the body is regulated by the secretion of
Antidiuretic hormone
Some examples of infectious agents are
Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, and Viruses
The ability of the muscles, joints, and nerves to maintain static and dynamic stability, while having the capacity to adapt to change is called
Balance and flexibility
Stretches that are high-velocity, forceful repetitions of bouncing or bobbing motions which may cause tissue damage are called
Balistic
Greates ROM is from
Ball-and-socket joints
Pressure sensitive receptors located in the carotid simus and in the aortic arch are called
Baroreceptors
Blood pressure is temporaily decreases by dilation of the ________ and by affecting the permeability of capillary walls
Blood capillaries
Ehich of the following best decribes the path of blood through the heart
Blood flows into the R atrium, into the R ventricle, to the pulmonary trunk; the blood returns from the lungs and enters the L atrium, then L ventricle andinto the aorta to all parts of the body
A semipermeable wall of blood capillaries and glial cells that prevents or slows down the passage of some drugs, other chemical compounds, and disease-causing organisms (such as viruses) from the blood into the central nervous system is the
Blood-brain barrier
The main visible part of the nail is the
Body
A ball-like, masticated lump of food is
Bolus
Which of the following is NOT a classification of connective tissue
Bone
Which stance is used most frequently when applying effleurage or any gliding stroke where length may be important
Bow stance
The two most basic foot stances when applying massage are the
Bow stance and the horse stance
Referring to the upper arm; bt the shoulder and the elbow
Brachial
In which artery is blood pressure most frequently taken
Brachial artery
Because of its mechanical advantage the most effectivearm flexor
Brachialis
The central nercous system includes the
Brain cranium spinal cord vertebral column
The respiratory center is located in the
Brain stem
Deep friction can create an appropiate scar that is strong, yet does not interfere witht the
Broadening of muscles in contraction
The bronchi divide into smaller branches called
Bronchioles
A saclike membrane that contains synovial fluid and is provided around joint to prevent friction is called
Brusae
Pertaining to the cheek area
Buccal
Compresses cheeks as in whistling or blowing a trumpet
Buccinator
Factors that can affect the amount of urine produced and excreted by the body are
Chemical (comsumption of coffee, tea, and carbonated beverages) Physical (physical activity) Nervous (anxious and other sympathetic nervous system reactions)
Taste and smell are interpreted by which sensory recptor
Chemoreceptor
The first written accounts of therapeutic massage are found in
China
Which of the following hormone stimulates he contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic enzyme secretion
Cholecystokinin
A viscous semifluid blended in the stomach is called
Chyme
Variations of friction include
Circular, cross-fiber, straight, rolling, chucking (linear), and wringing
Which of the following body systems transports and distributes respiratory gases, nutrients, antibodies, and hormones, and prtect the body through clotting mechanisms
Circulatory System
Which large collecting chamber is located inferior to the thoracic duct
Cisterna chyli
Acromion process
Clavicle
Collar bone; most frequently Fx
Clavicle
The sounds created by a beating heart are due to the
Closing of the heart valves
Often including principle for therapeutic relationships, professional behavior, and business policies which one of the following is a set of guiding moral principles that influence one's course of action
Code of ethics
A rhythmic pumping on a muscle belly to create a sustained increase in circulation and muscle relazxtion is called
Compression
Photorecptors that are used for color vision are
Cones
Nondisclosure of privileged information is referred as
Confidentiality
The number one source of microorganism cross-contamination is by
Contact with human hands
Arteriolesclerosis, aneurysm, Ranynard's phenomenon, hypertension, multible sclerosis, diabetes, fever, rashes, poison ivy, sumac, impetigo, athletes foot, ringworm, scabies, abnormal lumps, warts, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, large or loose moles, lyphogranuloma, venereum, skin ulcers, areas where fereign objects are embedded in the tissues, abrasions, cuts, hematomas, and contusions are all
Contraindications for massage therapy
Related to opposite sides of the body; the right foot is _______ to the left foot
Contralateral
Referring to the ribs; the space near a rib or on a side close to a rib
Costal
An emotional reaction of therapist to the client's act of transference, often marked by a difficulty in maintaining professional detachment from the client is called
Countertranserence
The peripheral nervous system consists of
Cranial nerves and spinal nerves
This is NOT a benefit of vibration of
Creates length in a muscle
Pertaining to the thigh or leg
Crural
Hormones secreted by the intestinal lining
Enterocrinin, Cholecystokinin, and Secretin
Which structure covers the trachea during swallowing
Epiglottis
A contraction of a muscle while it is in the process of lengthening is called
Eccentric
The epidermis is made from which germ layer
Ectoderm
An excellent stroke for assessing tissues is
Effleurage
application of purposeful, gliding movements that follow the contour of the client's body is
Effleurage
Soft and pliable cartilage that gives shape to the external nose, ears, and to internal structures such as the epiglotis and the auditory tubes
Elastic Cartilage
AKA the humeroulnar joint; a three-bone articulation
Elbow joint
Raising or elevating a body part
Elevation
All of the following are functions of the urinary system
Elimination of metabolic waste Regulation of chemical composition of the blood Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
Areas of the body that contain certain anatomical structures prone to injury, such as nerves, blood vessels, organs, and small, prominent body projections are referred to as
Endangerment sites
The ablility to carry out daily tasks efficiently with enough energy left over to enjoy leisure time pursuits and to meet unforseen emergencies is the difinition of
Fitness
Bending or decreasing the angle of a joint
Flexion
Puchlike depression in the skin that enclose the hair shaft are called hair
Follicles
Massage your soapy hands and forearms
For 30 seconds
A hole or opening on a bone is called a
Foramen
Because the right primary bronchus is slightly wider and has a slightly steeper downward angle that the left
Foreign bodyes more frequently lodge on the right side
Also known as nociceptors
Free nerve endings
Pain receptors
Free, nerve endings
A brisk, often heat-producing compresion stroke that may be delivered either superficially to skin or to deep tissue layers of muscle, depending opon the intention of the therapist, is referred to as Tapotement/Percussion
Friction
Supraorbital foramen
Frontal bone
Which of the fololwing planes passes through the body side to side to create anterior and posterior
Frontal or coronal plane
The pear-shaped sac lovated on the inferior surface of the liver that stores bile is called the
Gallbladder
Inserts on the calcaneous; two heads
Gastrocnemius
Through stmilutaion of cutaneous thermo and mechanorecptors, massage ihibits pain by interfering with nocicptive information entering the spinal cord. This phenomenon is called
Gate theory
The Swedish Moevement System was introduced into the US by
George and Charles Taylor
AKA as the scapulohumeral joint and the shoulder joint
Glenohumeral joint
Can be injured by direct blows and is commonly involved in shoulder serperation and shoulder dislocation
Glenohumeral joint
The curve of the buttocks formed by the large gluteal muscles
Gluteal
Identify the the three gluteal muscles
Gluteus maximu Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus
A series of 4 to 6 horizontal membranous sacs which is referred to as the "packing and shipping" plant of the cell bc it is associtated with the altering protiends and lipids is the
Golgi apparatus
Sensory receptors stimulated by both tension and excessive stretch and activate an inhibitory responses in the motor neuron are called
Golgi tendon organs
Variations of percussion/tapotement are
Hacking, tapping, and cupping diffused
Stimulation brings about erect hair
Hair-follicle receptors
The most important hygiene habit to help protect the public from the transmission of microorgansms is
Handwashing
The "center of gravity" whish is also a topgraphical and meditative point of reference
Hara or tan tein
Along the length of the large intestine there are a series of pouches called
Haustra
Benefits through the stimulation of the circulation by masssage
Heat is generated, and the skin feels warm to the touch The skin appears hyperemic Added nutrients are available to tissues
BenefitS of massage
Helps releive colic, and istestinal gas Pmotes evacuation of the colon Increases urine output
Blood cells are formed by a process called
Hemocytogenesis
The main venous portal system, which collects blood from the digestive organs and delivers this blood to the liver for processing, is called the
Hepatic portal system
The father of modern western medicine is generally recognized as being
Hippacrates
The human body's internal environment which remains relatively constant within a very limited range, is reffered to as
Homeostasis
If there is any blood or tissue fluid seepage due to any superficial wounds, romove the linens with gloved hands and wash in
Hot water, detergent, and chlorine bleach
Bicipital groove
Humerus
Deltoid tuberosity
Humerus
Glenoid fossa
Humerus
Greater tubercle
Humerus
Suspended from the stuloid process of the tempral bone
Hyoid bone
Which one of the following responsesis an indirect reddening of the skin resulting from increased blood flow
Hyperemia
An increase in the size and diameter of muscle cells without cell division
Hypertrophy
What is another term used to decribe the subcutaneous layer
Hypodermis
A decrese in blood supply to an organ or tissue is referred to as
Hypoxia
AKA as the coxal joint, or the hip joint, providing three-dimensional movement
Ilifemoral joint
Anterior superior iliac spine
Ilium
Greater sciatic notch
Ilium
Iliac crest
Ilium
Which of the following is NOT an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system
Increased gastrointestinal motility
Which of the following are effects of the sympathetic nervous system
Increased heart rate Increased repiratory rate Inhibited salicationand gigestion
Certan massage strokes create minute muscle contractions by
Increasing circulation
Which one of the following respsonses results from pressure during a mssage (tissue being pulled, lifted, rubbed, and manipulated)
Mechanical
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the lymphatic system
Mechanically and chemically converts blood into a usable state
Receptors responding to air vibrations or sound waves that are transmitted into neural messages are
Mechanoreptors
The healing of the body by means of manipulations is know as
Mechanotherapy
In general, where do the flexors of the wrist originate
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
According to Perh Henrik Ling, gymnastics by which we try to alleviate or ovoercome the sufferings that have arisen through abnormal conditions are known as
Medical Gymnastics
The plane that goes longitudinally down the body, anterior to posterior, deviding the body into right and left
Medsagittal
The majority of heart rate changes are controlled by the cardiac center located in a specialized portion of the brain called the
Medulla Oblongata
Often considered the most vital part of the brain, which of the following structures contains the respiratory center, the cardiac center, and the vasometer center, and which also controls gastric secretions and reflexes such as sweating, sneezing, swallowing, & vomiting
Medulla oblongata
Detects light pressure
Meissner's corpuscles
Which structure is responsible for making our skin pigmentation darker
Melanin
Thin, soft, pliable sheets of tissue that cover the body, line tubes or body cavities, cover organs, or seperateone part of of a cavity from another, are known as __________ tissue
Membranous
Detects pressure, has a longer more continous response
Merkel's disk
The total of all the physical and chemical processes that occur in a given oranism is
Metabolism
Hand bones bt carpal bones and phalanges
Metacarps
Bones bt tarsel bones and phalanges
Metarsals
The brain stem contains
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
Lymph flow depends entirely on the
Milking action of the skeletal muscles
At the apex of the renal pyramid, there is a small expanded duct called the
Minor calyx
The oval-shaped organelle that lies within the cytoplasm and is considered the cell's "power plant"
Mitochondria
Another name for the bicuspid valve is the
Mitral valve
Carbohydrates are classified as
Mono-, di-, tri-, and polysacharides
The motor neroun and its associated muscle fibers are called the
Motor unit
Which of the following tissue type is very vascular and has the special ability to contract and elongate to produce movement
Muscle
A buildup of lactic acid, minute tears as a result of overexertion, or stiffened connective tissue due to lack of oxygen-rich blood
Muscle soreness
A state of continous, partial contraction of muscles resulting from systematic stimulation of the nervous system
Muscle tone
The body system that creates movement, internal mobility (motility), and the heat
Muscular System
A collection genetically transmitted diseases characterized by the progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles without any indication of neural degeneration or damgae
Muscular dystrophy
Skin color variations exist due to the amount of oxygen and bilirubin in the blood and specialized cells in the stratum spinosum and stratum germinativum called
Mylanocytes
The simplest unit of a muscle fiber is called
Myofibril
This reflex is activated when a muscle is pulled and there is a resultant contraction of the muscle
Myotatic stretch reflex
NCMTM was accredited by the
NOCA (national organiztion for competency assurance)
To properly clean underneath the nails, use a
Nail brush
What structure is heavily keratinized, forming thin hard plates and locatedon the distal ends of the fingers and toes
Nails
The mechanism regulating the amount of hormones secreted by endocrine glands by stimulating the opposite response is the
Negative feedback system
The vast, intricate network of minute vessels in the nephron is referref to as the
Nephrons
A group of implule-carrying fibers connecting the brain or the spinal cord with other parts of the body is a
Nerve
Which of the following connective tissue cells support, nourish, protect, and organize the delicate neurons
Neuroglia
Trigger point therapy and myotherapy are methods of
Neuromuscular massage
A collective term for vast range if chemicals that facilitate, arouse, or inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses b/t synapses is
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals that facilitate, arouse, or inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses across synapses are
Neurotransmitters
Posterior surface of the head
Occipital
Largest air-containing spaces in the skull' ;acated in the jawbone
Occipital bone
Superior nuchal line
Occipital bone
The lobe that contains a center for visual input is the
Occipital lobe
Variations of petrissage are
Ocean waves, fulling, and skin rolling
The three worst substances for your table and accessory vinyl are
Oils, alcohol, chlorine bleach
What three muscles form the thenar eminance
Opponens pillicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis
Pertaining to the mouth region
Oral
The "winking muscle"
Orbicualris oculi
The "kissing muscle"
Orbicularis oris
Endocrine glands
Produce secretions that diffuse directly into the bloodstream
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton system
Produces melanocytes
Functions of the liver include
Production, storage, and breakdown of glucose and hemoglobin and production of bile Production of amino acids, blood plasma proteins, fibrinogens (blood-clotting substance), and antibodies, storage of vitamins A, D, E, K, Iron and copper, and other compounds used by the body
The number of functional RBC's as well as their oxygen carring capacity, is increased by the application of massage by
Promoting the discharge of RBC by the spleen and stimulating stagnant capillary beds
Medial or inward rotation
Pronation
Lying face down
Prone
What two primary functions do universal precaustions serve
Protect the client and the therapist
Food is disassembled into six components; they are
Protein, Carbs, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water
Movement forward
Protraction
Nearer to the point of reference
Proximal
Which of the following epithelium has the appearance of being stratified bc the cells possess different heights, so that not all cells reach the free sruface
Pseodostratified columnar epithelium
Which of the following are the three muscles of the iliopsoas
Psoas major Psoas minor Iliacus
Pertaining to the region of the pubic symphysis or gental area
Pubic
Superior pubic ramus
Pubic bone
Within the cardiovascular system, the two circuts based on the areas of the body they serve are the
Pulmonary and systemic
The expansion effect that occurs in arteries when blood is pushed forward due to contraction of the left ventricle (and that can be felt when arteries are located close to the surface) is called
Pulse
The triceps brachii attaches on what bony marking
Radial tuberosity
This joint allows wrist the wrist to flex, extend, adduct, and abduct, but true circumduction is not permitted
Radiocarpal joint
Allows pronation and supination of the hand
Radioulnar joint
Bicipital tuberosity
Radius
Angiotension II has what effect on the urinary system
Raises the BP through vasodilation Stimulates the release of aldesterone, causing sodium retention and the reabsorption of more water into the blood plasma
Massage tables that are too wide make it difficult for the therapist to
Reach across the massage table
When a muscle receives a message to contract and its antagonist receives a message to relax
Reciprocal inhibtion
Which of the following elements of intamacy does NOT exist in the therapeutic relationship
Reciprocity
The four major abdominal muscles are the
Rectus abdomin Transverse abdominus Internal abdominus obliques External abdominus obliques
Identify the four muscles of the quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis
The primary purpose of a massage lubricrant is to
Reduce friction
An instantaneous,involuntary response to a stimulus originating from either inside or outside the body is a
Reflex
Which structure consists of two or more neurons, at least one of which is sensory and at least one of which is a motor, innervating a muscle, gland, or organ
Reflex arc
Bones are classified according to shape. Which of the following is NOT one of the four classifications
Regular
Hormones act as catalysts in biochemical reactions and
Regulate the physiological activity of body cells
In which section of the kidneys are the nephrons located
Renal cortex
The soft, outer region of the kidneys is called the
Renal cortex
Nail care includes keeping nails clean and
Short and neatly trimmed
AKA pavement epithelium, __________ is a single layer of thin, flat cells that are close together, attaching at their edges
Simple squamous epithelium
Characteristics of normal urine are
Slightly acidic, amber colored, and Odorless
Most of digestion and absorbtion takes place in the
Small intestine
The major type of muscle of the GI tract is the
Smooth muscle
What is the muscle in the lower leg that spans two joints
Soleus
Within the peripheral nervous system, there are two specail divisions that supply impulses to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, skin, special senses, some proprioceptors, organs, and glands. They are also reffered to as the involuntary nervous system. These two divisions are the
Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous systerm
The word ancillary refers to
Something that is auxiallry or supplementary to standard
Rate of motions or how fast a massage movement is being executed
Speed
Sella turcica
Sphenoid bone
A ring of muscle fibers that regulates movement of materials from one-compartment of the gastrointestinal tract to another is called
Sphincter
The three tracts of the erctor spinae goup, from medial to laters are
Spinalis Iliocastalis Longissimus
The largest lymphatic organ that filters blood and destroys bacteria is the
Spleen
When the client is in the supine position, the most frequently supported areas are the
The posterior cervical region and the posterior knees
Sensory receptors that are sensitive to temperature changes are
Thermoreceptors
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Himan Needs, touching skin contact is listed as having which order of importance
Third
In which burn classification are both the skin and subcutaneous tissues destroyed
Third-degree
Pertaining to the thorax or chest
Thoracic
The two main lymphatic ducts are the
Thoracic and right lymphatic
Which duct collect the majority of lymph
Thoracic duct
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is called
Thoracolumbar outflow
When the stimulus is of sufficient intensity to generate a nerve impulse, it is reggerred to as a
Threshold stimulus
Which of the following are fragmented parts of megakaryoblasts/megakaryocytes and help to repair leaks in the blood vessels through clotting mechanisms
Thrombocytes/platelets
The organ that aids in the maturation process of T lymphocytes or T Cells is the
Thymus
Medial malleous
Tibia
Posterior lower leg muscle; attaches on the tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane
Tibialis posterior
Cotents of the oral cavity include the
Tongue, teeth, gums, and salivary ducts
The type of contractions that occur in most sphinctars are
Tonic
Lymphatic organs inlcude the
Tonsils, appendix, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen
Which of the following is a term used to describle the laying of hands on the skin without movement
Touch
Three origins and one insertion "boker's muscle"
Triceps brachii
The three layers of both arteries and veins are
Tunica intima, media, and adventitia
The "universal donor" is which type of ABO blood group
Type AB
Olecranon process
Ulna
Referring to the area of the midabdomen or navel
Umbilical
Which of the following is retained by the body and returned to blood plasma
Urea and Ammonia
Which small tubular structure transports urinary bladder out of the body during micturition
Urethra
The storage resevoir for urine is the
Urinary bladder
When diameter of the vascular lumen enlarges, it is called
Vasodilation
Vessels that return blood to the heart and posses valves are the
Veins
Suspended from the inferior protion of the cecum is the
Vermiform appendix
Pertaining to one or more vertebrae of the vertebral or spinal column
Vertebral
A rapid shaking, trembling, or oscillating movement applied with full hands, fingertips, or mechanical device for the purpose of inducing relaxation is
Vibration
The pitch of the voice is produced when air passes over the
Vocal cords
Within the larynx, three paired cartilages attach to and support the
Vocal cords
The loudeness of sound is called
Volume
Color perception is based on the differences in the
Wave length of light
Disinfect your massage table
When it comes in contact with body fluids
The scientist who demonstrated that blood circulation in animals is impelled by the beating of the heart through arteries and veins was
William Harvey
The clien may refuse the massage for sanitation reasons if
You have an open wound or you have and infection
Reflexology is AKA as
Zone therapy
Tempral process
Zygomatic bone
Muscle that draes the corners of your mouth up into a smile or grin
Zygomatic major
The best method for turning the client over because it provides the best mobility and cover
anchoring method
Pertaining more to the front
anterior
When using electrical units to provide vibratory massage
avoid applying vibration on one area for more than 15 minutes
Pertaining to the femur or the thigh area; bt hip and knee
femoral
Transmission of pathogens can occur by
ihalation direct contact of mucous membranes direct contact eith brocken skin
Gas exchange b/t the blood and the tissues is called
internal/tissue respiration
Universal precautions may include
madatory hand washing the use of gloves laundering of linens and uniforms
Orented more toward or near the midline
medial
The basic impluse-sonducting cells that act like tiny sense organs are the
neorons
Active movements are those performed by
patient/client
Most superficial anterior neck muscle
platysma
The kidneys are positioned behind the abdominal peritoneum. This can also be referred to as
retroperitoneal
Phospholipids reducing surface tension and contributing to elasticity of pulmonary tissue is/are
surfactants
The autonomic nervous system is further divided into the
sympathetic and parasympathetic
A synergist to the latissimus dorsi
teres minor
During the massage, expose only
the area being massaged
Which one of the following systems is NOT involved in wast elimination
the muscular system
Pertaining to the outer coverings of a body cavity or organ
visceral