Master Bio Chapter 4-HW

Which of the following structure(s) is/are found in prokaryotic cells?

ribosomes

Drag the labels to the appropriate locations in this diagram.

A: Oxygen-using prokaryote B: Mitochondrion C: Nucleus D: Endoplasmic Reticulum E: Host Cell: Ancestor of all eukariots F: Photosynthetic Prokaryote G: Chloroplast H: Host Cell: Ancestor of photosynthetic eukaryotes

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum that was eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane: the protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the __________.

Golgi apparatus

Drag the correct description under each cell structure to identify the role it plays in the cell.

Nucleus: Stores the genetic information of the cell Lysosome: Breaks down macromolecules using digestive enzymes Mitochondrion: Converts chemical fuel ino packets of chemical energy that can power the cell Ribosome: Works with mRNA to synthesize proteins Smooth ER: Site of lipid synthesis

Part A: Which plant cell organelle converts chemical fuel into packets of chemical energy that can power the cell? Part B: The plant cell wall Part C: Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole? Part D: _____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells. Part E: Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

Part A: Mitochondrion. Part B: is a protective structure made of cellulose fibrils. Part C: Storing compounds produced by the cell Part D: Central vacuoles; ribosomes Part E: The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

You have identified a new organism. It has ribosomes, plasmodesmata, and cell walls made of cellulose. This new organism is most likely a(n) __________.

Plant

Drag the labels onto the flowchart to trace the movement of proteins through the endomembrane system and out of the cell.

Start: Manufacturing: Rough ER Transport: Vesicle from ER Processing: Golgi apparatus Transport: Vesicle from Golgi Finish: Secretion: Plasma membrane

Which of the following is the most likely consequence for a cell lacking functional lysosomes?

The cell becomes crowded with undigested wastes.

What is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane?

The finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

One function of the central vacuole in plant cells is facilitating cell growth: the central vacuole absorbs water and increases in size, expanding the volume and size of the plant cell while doing so. Animal cells, however, do not grow by this method. What is an essential difference between animal and plant cells that could explain how a plant cell can withstand the internal pressure caused by this expansion of the central vacuole?

The plant cell wall provides a rigid structure, preventing cell rupture.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an organelle found in animals?

cell wall

Which of the following components is external to the plasma membrane?

extracellular matrix

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both __________; however, they are different in that only chloroplasts, and not mitochondria, __________.

have a double membrane ... carry out photosynthesis

The maximum size of a cell is limited by _____.

its need for enough surface area to make exchanges with its environment

A disease called primary ciliary dyskinesia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________.

lack of dynein proteins

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion?

lysosome

Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell?

presence of a cell wall

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

synthesizing receptor proteins

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____.

transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA