mastering a and p chapter 6

which of the following would not be a way that parathyroid hormone could alter plasma calcium levels? increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney increase osteoclasts increase osteoblasts on bone

increase osteoblasts on bone

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by ________. Volkmann's canals a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage perforating (Sharpey's) fibers the struts of bone known as spicules

perforating (sharpey's) fibers

Flat bones consist of spongy bone sandwiched between compact bone. Is this statement true or false? True False

true

Paget´s disease

Excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption

PTH promotes the formation of which hormone? calcitonin thyroid hormones vitamin D calcitriol

calcitriol

which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels? parathyroid hormones calcitonin calcitriol

calcitriol

Remodeling a kitchen to add additional cabinets to existing ones also means adding extra support. In a similar respect, bone remodeling alters bone structure without adversely affecting bone strength. What divalent cation is required to create additional bone matrix support? chloride phosphate carbonate calcium

calcium

In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause? elevated levels of sex hormones osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity too much vitamin D in the diet overproduction of thyroid hormone

elevated levels of sex hormones

intramembraneous ossification

Bone develops from a fibrous membrane

Osteomalacia

Bone formed is poorly mineralized and soft. Deforms on weight bearing

Osteoporosis

Bones are porous and thin but bone composition is normal

Why, or why not, is swimming recommended as an exercise to prevent osteoporosis? Swimming is not recommended to prevent osteoporosis, as forces are applied in all directions on the bones simultaneously in swimming. Swimming is recommended to prevent osteoporosis, as it is considered a weight-bearing exercise. Swimming is not recommended to prevent osteoporosis, as it is not considered a weight-bearing exercise. Swimming is recommended to prevent osteoporosis, as forces are applied in all directions on the bones simultaneously.

Swimming is not recommended to prevent osteoporosis, as it is not considered a weight-bearing exercise

Chondrocytes

The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification

appositional growth

The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface

epiphyseal plate

area where bone longitudinal growth takes place

which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children? thyroid hormones calcitriol parathyroid hormone calcitonin

calcitonin

Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of ________. calcium, and vitamin E potassium and vitamin D vitamin D and chloride calcium and vitamin D

calcium and vitamin D

The pubic symphysis connects the two hip bones anteriorly and provides a little movement during childbirth. Choose the most appropriate tissue for this structure that is subjected to both pressure and stretch. elastic cartilage hyaline cartilage fibrocartilage bone

fibrocartilage

Which of the following is UNLIKELY to affect bone remodeling? glucagon parathyroid hormone low blood Ca2+ concentration mechanical stress

glucagon

bones do not have a role in ________________. blood cell formation movement fat storage glycogen production support

glycogen production

Mechanical stress on weight-bearing bones plays a large part in bone remodeling. What single factor plays the largest role in maintaining adequate bone strength? vitamin E cartilage gravity bone length

gravity

Choose the best location for obtaining a red bone marrow sample from a patient. head of humerus hip bone frontal bone medullary cavity of femur

hip bone

there are several components to a functional osteon. changes to which of the following body components would make the bones less strong overall and cause the bones bend under a person's body weight? hydroxyaptite articular cartilage osteoid periosteum

hydroxyaptite

Hypercalcemia can be caused by_________. insufficient vitamin D levels in the body hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone reduced parafollicular cell activity All of the listed responses are correct.

hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________. osteocyte osteoblast osteoclast chondrocyte

osteoblast

Which of the following refers to a bone disorder found most often in the aged and resulting in the bones becoming porous and light? Paget's disease osteoporosis osteomalacia rickets

osteoporosis

osteoid producing osteoblasts must rely upon this organelle to produce primary structures leading to the formation of collagen and calcium binding proteins? centrioles mitochondria ribosomes peroxisomes

ribososmes

Which type of cartilage is NOT properly matched with its function? hyaline cartilage; cover the ends of bones skeletal cartilage; reinforce airways elastic cartilage; withstand repetitive bending fibrocartilage; withstand pressure and stretch

skeletal cartilage; reinforces airways

which of the following pair is mismatched? femur: long bone tarsals: short bones sternum: long bone skull bones: flat bones

sternum: long bone.

epiphyseal line

the appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth