mastering a and p chapter 6
which of the following would not be a way that parathyroid hormone could alter plasma calcium levels? increase reabsorption of calcium in the kidney increase osteoclasts increase osteoblasts on bone
increase osteoblasts on bone
The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by ________. Volkmann's canals a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage perforating (Sharpey's) fibers the struts of bone known as spicules
perforating (sharpey's) fibers
Flat bones consist of spongy bone sandwiched between compact bone. Is this statement true or false? True False
true
Paget´s disease
Excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption
PTH promotes the formation of which hormone? calcitonin thyroid hormones vitamin D calcitriol
calcitriol
which hormone works directly in the intestine to increase plasma calcium levels? parathyroid hormones calcitonin calcitriol
calcitriol
Remodeling a kitchen to add additional cabinets to existing ones also means adding extra support. In a similar respect, bone remodeling alters bone structure without adversely affecting bone strength. What divalent cation is required to create additional bone matrix support? chloride phosphate carbonate calcium
calcium
In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause? elevated levels of sex hormones osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity too much vitamin D in the diet overproduction of thyroid hormone
elevated levels of sex hormones
intramembraneous ossification
Bone develops from a fibrous membrane
Osteomalacia
Bone formed is poorly mineralized and soft. Deforms on weight bearing
Osteoporosis
Bones are porous and thin but bone composition is normal
Why, or why not, is swimming recommended as an exercise to prevent osteoporosis? Swimming is not recommended to prevent osteoporosis, as forces are applied in all directions on the bones simultaneously in swimming. Swimming is recommended to prevent osteoporosis, as it is considered a weight-bearing exercise. Swimming is not recommended to prevent osteoporosis, as it is not considered a weight-bearing exercise. Swimming is recommended to prevent osteoporosis, as forces are applied in all directions on the bones simultaneously.
Swimming is not recommended to prevent osteoporosis, as it is not considered a weight-bearing exercise
Chondrocytes
The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification
appositional growth
The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface
epiphyseal plate
area where bone longitudinal growth takes place
which of the following hormones is currently thought to decrease plasma calcium levels in pregnant women and children? thyroid hormones calcitriol parathyroid hormone calcitonin
calcitonin
Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of ________. calcium, and vitamin E potassium and vitamin D vitamin D and chloride calcium and vitamin D
calcium and vitamin D
The pubic symphysis connects the two hip bones anteriorly and provides a little movement during childbirth. Choose the most appropriate tissue for this structure that is subjected to both pressure and stretch. elastic cartilage hyaline cartilage fibrocartilage bone
fibrocartilage
Which of the following is UNLIKELY to affect bone remodeling? glucagon parathyroid hormone low blood Ca2+ concentration mechanical stress
glucagon
bones do not have a role in ________________. blood cell formation movement fat storage glycogen production support
glycogen production
Mechanical stress on weight-bearing bones plays a large part in bone remodeling. What single factor plays the largest role in maintaining adequate bone strength? vitamin E cartilage gravity bone length
gravity
Choose the best location for obtaining a red bone marrow sample from a patient. head of humerus hip bone frontal bone medullary cavity of femur
hip bone
there are several components to a functional osteon. changes to which of the following body components would make the bones less strong overall and cause the bones bend under a person's body weight? hydroxyaptite articular cartilage osteoid periosteum
hydroxyaptite
Hypercalcemia can be caused by_________. insufficient vitamin D levels in the body hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone reduced parafollicular cell activity All of the listed responses are correct.
hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the ________. osteocyte osteoblast osteoclast chondrocyte
osteoblast
Which of the following refers to a bone disorder found most often in the aged and resulting in the bones becoming porous and light? Paget's disease osteoporosis osteomalacia rickets
osteoporosis
osteoid producing osteoblasts must rely upon this organelle to produce primary structures leading to the formation of collagen and calcium binding proteins? centrioles mitochondria ribosomes peroxisomes
ribososmes
Which type of cartilage is NOT properly matched with its function? hyaline cartilage; cover the ends of bones skeletal cartilage; reinforce airways elastic cartilage; withstand repetitive bending fibrocartilage; withstand pressure and stretch
skeletal cartilage; reinforces airways
which of the following pair is mismatched? femur: long bone tarsals: short bones sternum: long bone skull bones: flat bones
sternum: long bone.
epiphyseal line
the appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth