Mastering Biology Chapter 11 Test #2

Gap junctions allow for the _________ of material between cells, thus facilitating communication between these cells.

passage

The most abundant protein found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells is ________.

collagen

Gap junctions are also called _____________ junctions

communicating

For a tissue or an organ to function as a unit, there must be cell-cell _______________ among the cells within a tissue or organ

communication

Integrins are often attached to ___________ proteins and proteins in the extracellular matrix

cytoskeletal

The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together.

desmosomes

Two important second messengers are cyclic _____ and ________ ions.

AMP calcium

By binding to _____, a transcription factor triggers the transcription of a specific gene.

DNA

Which junction uses keratin fibers to join cells to each other?

Desmosomes

Calcium ions that act as second messengers are stored in the _____.

ER

Cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger in pathways initiated by both ___-protein-linked receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases.

G

_____ junctions aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells.

Gap

Which junction allows the free passage of small molecules between adjacent cells?

Gap junctions

Which junction is most similar to plasmodesmata?

Gap junctions

____________ catalyzes the production of _____, which then opens an ion channel that releases _____ into the cell's cytoplasm.

Phospholipase C IP3 Ca2+

Which junction prevents the leakage of fluid between cells?

Tight junctions

_____________ is the second of the three stages of cell signaling.

Transduction

A protein kinase activating many other protein kinases is an example of ____________. By activating many other molecules the initial signal is amplified.

amplification

Desmosomes are also called ___________ junctions

anchoring

What is a major difference between the extracellular matrix (ECM) of a plant cell and the ECM of an animal cell? Plant ECM is primarily _____________ in nature, whereas animal ECM is mainly __________.

carbohydrate proteins

Enzymes called protein _______ are important links in many signal transduction pathways.

kinases

A signal molecule is also known as a _________.

ligand

Integrins are integral _________ proteins.

membrane

Second messengers are small non-________ molecules that act as intermediaries in signal transmission.

protein

The presence of an appropriate ________ dictates which cells will be receptive to a particular signal.

receptor

Cyclic AMP can act as _________ messengers.

second

A signal transduction pathway is initiated when a ________ molecule binds to a receptor.

signal

Which cell junction forms a barrier to the passage of materials such as fluid?

tight junctions

Activated transcription factors trigger _____________.

transcription

The attachment of a signal molecule to a plasma membrane receptor initiates a signal ____________ pathway.

transduction

The binding of a signal molecule to a receptor initiates a signal ___________ pathway.

transduction

Because each cadherin can bind only to cadherins of the same _____, only adhesion of muscle cells to other muscle cells would be affected.

type