Mastering Biology FINAL

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Sulfur has an atomic number of 16 how many covalent bonds can suffer form?

2

In the absence of oxygen the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule during the glycolysis is approximately

2 ATPs

You have a 2 kg bottle of liquid water at zero Celsius about how many calories are needed to heat up the water to 100 Celsius

200 calories

How many oxygen atoms are in the products of the following reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 12 H2O

24

Beryllium's atomic mass is nine, and it's atomic number is four. How many protons are found in a beryllium atom?

4

With the exception of give meters, a human cell contains how many chromosomes?

46

Amino acids include a side chain as well as

A central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a carboxyl group

Which environment would be best for the functioning of animal and plant cells?

A hypotonic environment for plant cells and an isotonic environment for animal cells

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?

ATP

The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the (blank) site.

Active

Which process could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell if the substance is more concentrated in the cell then in the surroundings?

Active transport

Chemical reactions that require oxygen are called__________, and those that do not require oxygen are called_______

Aerobic; in Anaerobic

Glucose is to starch as what are to proteins

Amino acids

Which statement about an enzyme is TRUE

An enzymes function depends on its three-dimensional shape.

The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

Anaphase

Which substance is hydrophilic?

Butter Cellulose Cholesterol Tetstosterone Answer: cellulose

From what food can reactants of glycolysis be derived?

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

What are the four most common elements found in living organisms?

Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

Which structure can perform all the activities required for life?

Cells

Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing_________

Chemical energy into kinetic energy

The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called

Cohesion

The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule are held together by ————- bonds

Covalent

Which adaption increases the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration?

Cristae of mitochondrion

At the end of the my ptotic M phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called

Cytokinesis

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by

Decreasing activation energy

What name is given to the following reaction? Glycerol + 3 fatty acids —> triglyceride + 3 water molecules

Dehydration

If a cells lysosomes bursts, the cell would

Digest itself

When a base is added to a buffered solution, the buffer will_____

Donate H plus ions

Which of the following statements is true about the way sells shuttle electrons from one molecule to another during cellular respiration?

Electrons are added to NAD plus, which then carries the electrons to another electron accepter

Specialize cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. Which process could be responsible for its secretion?

Exocytosis

Which sequence shows the steps of the process of science in an order in which they might occur?

Exploration, hypothesis, prediction, experiment.

What is the name of the process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid?

Fermentation

Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces

Four haploid cells

Most of the ATP production during cellular respiration occurs

From activity of the ATP synthase machine

Is specific stretch of DNA that contains information for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a_______

Gene

(Blank) is used as fuel in (blank) is produced as a waste in the overall process of cellular respiration

Glucose, carbon dioxide

When mixed with water phospholipid spontaneously form membranes because they

Have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water

During prophase one of meiosis,

Homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs

Adjacent water molecules interact with one another via ———- bonds

Hydrogen

Which of these is required for natural selection to occur

Inheritance; individual variation; an equal reproductive system; all the answers are correct Answer: all the answers are correct

It's so preparing to undergo meiosis duplicated chromosomes during

Interphase

The bond between oppositely charged ions is an ________ bond

Ionic

Which of the following elements is a trace element that is essential to life?

Iron

In the figure below, how does the molecule labeled A affect enzyme function?

It is an inhibitor that changes the enzymes active site

As water freezes,

It's molecules move farther apart

What can you conclude about the following reaction? Glactose + glucose -> lactose + water

Lactose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, one would expect to find a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in ———— cells

Liver

The main function of cellular respiration is

Making ATP to power cell activities

The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

Metaphase

During a race such as a marathon the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy to continually contract and power your muscles what organelle is most likely abundant in skeletal muscle cells?

Mitochondria

The lower the pH of a solution, the

More acidic the solution

You try to start your car but it does not start which of these is a prediction?

My car is to old to function properly What is wrong with my car My cars battery is dead If I recharge the battery, then my car will start Answer: if I recharge the battery, then my car will start

Accidents can occur in meiosis where in members of a chromosome pair fail to separate at anaphase. This is called

Nondisjunction

Which structure manufactures the components of ribosomes?

Nucleolus

What are the two main processes that ecosystems depend upon?

Nutrient recycling and energy flow

Diffusion is an example of

Passive transport

The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ________________

Phospholipids in most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane

Which function is not a property of life?

Populations of organisms rarely change over time

When using a microscope to view cells you obtain from scraping under your fingernails you notice that the cells lack nuclei, therefore, you conclude that the cells must be a type of ————— cell

Prokaryotic

The centrosomes move away from each other in the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?

Prophase

During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. This recombination of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occur?

Prophase I

The correct order of events during meiosis is

Prophase one, metaphase one, anaphase one, telophase one, cytokinesis, meiosis two.

A hypothesis is a(n)

Proposed explanation for a set of observations

The extracellular matrix of animal cells

Protects and supports cells

Usually, enzymes are ________.

Proteins

All atoms of an element have the same number of

Protons

Isotopes of an element have the same number of (blank) and different numbers of (blank)

Protons;neutrons

A base______

Removes H plus from a solution

Cells in the thyroid gland produce and secrete thyroid hormone (A polymer of amino acids) that helps to regulate metabolism. What organelle is most likely abundant in cells of the thyroid gland?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A fat that is completely hydrogenated would be

Saturated and solid at room temperature

A proteins function is dependent on the environmental factors such as pH and temperature. What property of the protein itself dictates a proteins function?

Shape

The phrase "most ecosystems are Solar powered" Refers to the fact that

Solar energy is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis

The combination of sucrose sucrase and water produces sucrase glucose and fructose. Which component of the reaction is the substrate?

Sucrose

If the amount of oxygen required by your muscles during a workout exceed your aerobic capacity, your muscle cells will

Switch to Anna aerobic respiration and produces lactic acid

The chromosomes arrive at the polls in nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?

Telophase

Which statement is true with regard to a DNA molecule

The amount of Adaline is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine

Which information flow is disrupted when diabetes destroyed insulin producing cells?

The body is unable to respond to signals that indicate the amount of glucose in the blood

What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?

The chromosomes must be duplicated.

Crossing over is

The exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes

The electron transport chain of cellular respiration is a series of electron carrier molecules. Where are these molecules located in the eukaryotic cells?

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

Antibiotic resistance evolves in bacteria when

The presence of antibiotics favors bacteria that already have genes for resistance

Some tiny insects are able to walk on water. Why?

The surface tension that is a result of waters cohesive properties make this possible.

A balloon contains a 10% glucose solution the balloon is permeable to water but not to glucose a beaker contains a 5% glucose solution what will happen when the balloon is submerged in the beaker

The volume of water in the beaker will decrease

Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton, what is the best explanation for this phenomenon?

Tobacco interferes with sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg towards the uterus.

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ————— and moves a substance ———— its concentration granite

Transport proteins; down

Which of the following statements applies to sexually reproducing species but not asexually reproducing species?

Two kinds of cell division are required.

A DNA molecule has the sequence TCAACTTGAD equivalent RNA molecule would have the sequence

UCAACUUGA


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