Mastering Biology FINAL
Sulfur has an atomic number of 16 how many covalent bonds can suffer form?
2
In the absence of oxygen the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule during the glycolysis is approximately
2 ATPs
You have a 2 kg bottle of liquid water at zero Celsius about how many calories are needed to heat up the water to 100 Celsius
200 calories
How many oxygen atoms are in the products of the following reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 12 H2O
24
Beryllium's atomic mass is nine, and it's atomic number is four. How many protons are found in a beryllium atom?
4
With the exception of give meters, a human cell contains how many chromosomes?
46
Amino acids include a side chain as well as
A central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a carboxyl group
Which environment would be best for the functioning of animal and plant cells?
A hypotonic environment for plant cells and an isotonic environment for animal cells
What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?
ATP
The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the (blank) site.
Active
Which process could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell if the substance is more concentrated in the cell then in the surroundings?
Active transport
Chemical reactions that require oxygen are called__________, and those that do not require oxygen are called_______
Aerobic; in Anaerobic
Glucose is to starch as what are to proteins
Amino acids
Which statement about an enzyme is TRUE
An enzymes function depends on its three-dimensional shape.
The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis?
Anaphase
Which substance is hydrophilic?
Butter Cellulose Cholesterol Tetstosterone Answer: cellulose
From what food can reactants of glycolysis be derived?
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
What are the four most common elements found in living organisms?
Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
Which structure can perform all the activities required for life?
Cells
Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing_________
Chemical energy into kinetic energy
The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called
Cohesion
The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule are held together by ————- bonds
Covalent
Which adaption increases the surface area of a part of a cell that is involved in cellular respiration?
Cristae of mitochondrion
At the end of the my ptotic M phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called
Cytokinesis
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by
Decreasing activation energy
What name is given to the following reaction? Glycerol + 3 fatty acids —> triglyceride + 3 water molecules
Dehydration
If a cells lysosomes bursts, the cell would
Digest itself
When a base is added to a buffered solution, the buffer will_____
Donate H plus ions
Which of the following statements is true about the way sells shuttle electrons from one molecule to another during cellular respiration?
Electrons are added to NAD plus, which then carries the electrons to another electron accepter
Specialize cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. Which process could be responsible for its secretion?
Exocytosis
Which sequence shows the steps of the process of science in an order in which they might occur?
Exploration, hypothesis, prediction, experiment.
What is the name of the process in which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid?
Fermentation
Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces
Four haploid cells
Most of the ATP production during cellular respiration occurs
From activity of the ATP synthase machine
Is specific stretch of DNA that contains information for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a_______
Gene
(Blank) is used as fuel in (blank) is produced as a waste in the overall process of cellular respiration
Glucose, carbon dioxide
When mixed with water phospholipid spontaneously form membranes because they
Have hydrophilic phosphate groups that are attracted to water and hydrophobic fatty acid tails that avoid water
During prophase one of meiosis,
Homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs
Adjacent water molecules interact with one another via ———- bonds
Hydrogen
Which of these is required for natural selection to occur
Inheritance; individual variation; an equal reproductive system; all the answers are correct Answer: all the answers are correct
It's so preparing to undergo meiosis duplicated chromosomes during
Interphase
The bond between oppositely charged ions is an ________ bond
Ionic
Which of the following elements is a trace element that is essential to life?
Iron
In the figure below, how does the molecule labeled A affect enzyme function?
It is an inhibitor that changes the enzymes active site
As water freezes,
It's molecules move farther apart
What can you conclude about the following reaction? Glactose + glucose -> lactose + water
Lactose is a disaccharide and glucose is a monosaccharide
Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, one would expect to find a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in ———— cells
Liver
The main function of cellular respiration is
Making ATP to power cell activities
The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
During a race such as a marathon the skeletal muscle cells in your legs use a lot of energy to continually contract and power your muscles what organelle is most likely abundant in skeletal muscle cells?
Mitochondria
The lower the pH of a solution, the
More acidic the solution
You try to start your car but it does not start which of these is a prediction?
My car is to old to function properly What is wrong with my car My cars battery is dead If I recharge the battery, then my car will start Answer: if I recharge the battery, then my car will start
Accidents can occur in meiosis where in members of a chromosome pair fail to separate at anaphase. This is called
Nondisjunction
Which structure manufactures the components of ribosomes?
Nucleolus
What are the two main processes that ecosystems depend upon?
Nutrient recycling and energy flow
Diffusion is an example of
Passive transport
The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ________________
Phospholipids in most proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane
Which function is not a property of life?
Populations of organisms rarely change over time
When using a microscope to view cells you obtain from scraping under your fingernails you notice that the cells lack nuclei, therefore, you conclude that the cells must be a type of ————— cell
Prokaryotic
The centrosomes move away from each other in the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?
Prophase
During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. This recombination of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occur?
Prophase I
The correct order of events during meiosis is
Prophase one, metaphase one, anaphase one, telophase one, cytokinesis, meiosis two.
A hypothesis is a(n)
Proposed explanation for a set of observations
The extracellular matrix of animal cells
Protects and supports cells
Usually, enzymes are ________.
Proteins
All atoms of an element have the same number of
Protons
Isotopes of an element have the same number of (blank) and different numbers of (blank)
Protons;neutrons
A base______
Removes H plus from a solution
Cells in the thyroid gland produce and secrete thyroid hormone (A polymer of amino acids) that helps to regulate metabolism. What organelle is most likely abundant in cells of the thyroid gland?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
A fat that is completely hydrogenated would be
Saturated and solid at room temperature
A proteins function is dependent on the environmental factors such as pH and temperature. What property of the protein itself dictates a proteins function?
Shape
The phrase "most ecosystems are Solar powered" Refers to the fact that
Solar energy is converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis
The combination of sucrose sucrase and water produces sucrase glucose and fructose. Which component of the reaction is the substrate?
Sucrose
If the amount of oxygen required by your muscles during a workout exceed your aerobic capacity, your muscle cells will
Switch to Anna aerobic respiration and produces lactic acid
The chromosomes arrive at the polls in nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?
Telophase
Which statement is true with regard to a DNA molecule
The amount of Adaline is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine
Which information flow is disrupted when diabetes destroyed insulin producing cells?
The body is unable to respond to signals that indicate the amount of glucose in the blood
What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?
The chromosomes must be duplicated.
Crossing over is
The exchange of corresponding portions of homologous chromosomes
The electron transport chain of cellular respiration is a series of electron carrier molecules. Where are these molecules located in the eukaryotic cells?
The inner membrane of the mitochondria
Antibiotic resistance evolves in bacteria when
The presence of antibiotics favors bacteria that already have genes for resistance
Some tiny insects are able to walk on water. Why?
The surface tension that is a result of waters cohesive properties make this possible.
A balloon contains a 10% glucose solution the balloon is permeable to water but not to glucose a beaker contains a 5% glucose solution what will happen when the balloon is submerged in the beaker
The volume of water in the beaker will decrease
Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton, what is the best explanation for this phenomenon?
Tobacco interferes with sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg towards the uterus.
Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ————— and moves a substance ———— its concentration granite
Transport proteins; down
Which of the following statements applies to sexually reproducing species but not asexually reproducing species?
Two kinds of cell division are required.
A DNA molecule has the sequence TCAACTTGAD equivalent RNA molecule would have the sequence
UCAACUUGA