MasteringBiology Ch.4 A Tour of the Cell

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?

Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

Which of the following is/are possible site(s) of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell?

Cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria

Your intestine is lined with individual cells that absorb nutrients. No fluids leak between these cells from the interior of the intestine. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _________________

secrete a lot of protein

Cell fractionation ______________________

separates cells into their component parts

Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of cell walls and the cell extracellular matrix?

Both are external to the plasma membrane

Which of the following correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells?

Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.

Which of the following structures is found in animal cells but not plant cells?

Centrioles

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

Chloroplast

Which of the following statements about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?

Chloroplasts and mitochondria synthesize some of their own proteins.

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

Cilia

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

ER—Golgi—vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells possess specialized membrane-bounded organelles.

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and eventually found in a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the ___________

Golgi apparatus

A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should she choose, and why is it the best choice?

Light microscope because the specimen is alive

Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Manufacturing

Which of the following structures is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic cells?

Mitochondria

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

Mitochondrion

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?

Motor proteins

Which type of cell is likely to have the most mitochondria?

Muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner

Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

Ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

A dish of animal cells was grown in the presence of radioactive phosphorous. The phosphorous largely ended up in nucleotides inside the actively growing animal cells. In which cellular structure(s) would you predict the majority of the radioactive phosphorous to accumulate?

The nucleus

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they ______________________

have no membrane-bound organelles

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through ______________

plasmodesmata