MasteringBiology Evolution
The ease with which humans travel across the globe is likely to increase _____.
gene flow
All the genes in a population are that population's _____.
gene pool
Modern travel along with migration reduces the probability of _____ having an effect on the evolution of humans.
genetic drift
crossing over ... prophase I
Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between the nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, occurs during prophase I.
In the Andes, at elevations of 12,000 feet, Darwin collected fossilized marine shells. The existence of marine shells at this altitude provided evidence that _____.
the deposit had been gradually uplifted to its present location
Genetic drift is a process based on _____.
the role of chance
A mutation occurs when _____.
there is a change in the DNA sequence of a gene
Why were the Galápagos Islands so important to Darwin's formulation of natural selection?
Each island in the Galápagos possessed unique species.
Which of these is a consequence of uniformitarianism?
Earth is very old. Uniformitarianism holds that geologic processes occur today in much the same way as they did in the past.
The Galápagos Islands are located _____.
Off the coast of Ecuador
According to this climatograph, London experiences more precipitation during _____ than during any other month.
Precipitation is greatest in October.
_____ are the oldest known primate group.
Prosimians
natural selection
This is natural selection, since environmental conditions dictate that green individuals are more likely to reproduce than are red individuals.
Which of these primate groups is most closely related to hominids?
apes
His experiences with Fuegians and slavery convinced Darwin that differences among all peoples are primarily _____ differences.
cultural
Patagonia is a _____.
desert
The wing of a bat is homologous to the _____ of a whale.
flipper
Every few years a giant axe chops off the head of every person who is over 6 feet tall. How will this affect the human population?
Alleles that promote "tallness" will decrease in frequency.
How many finch species did Darwin send to the British Museum?
13
In human gamete production there is an average of _____ crossover events per chromosome pair.
2-3
Which of these individuals is a homozygous genotype?
AA
_____ is rapid speciation under conditions in which there is little competition. Mass extinctions create conditions that promote _____. The appearance of an evolutionary novelty promotes _____. The different finch species found on the Galápagos Islands probably arose as a result of _____.
Adaptive radiation
Darwin's thinking while on the Beagle was greatly influenced by his reading of a book written by _____.
Darwin was greatly influenced by Lyell's Principles of Geology.
gene flow
Gene flow is the migration of individuals or gametes.
Humans are _______.
Homo sapiens
The Galápagos Islands are cooled by the _____.
Humboldt Current
Which of these primate groups lives in trees in Central and South America and have nostrils that are wide open and far apart?
New World monkeys
Which of these anthropoid groups consists of primates who are mostly tree dwellers and whose forelimbs and hind limbs are about equal in length?
monkeys. In addition to these characteristics many monkeys have tails.
Feathers either play a role, or may have played a role, in _____.
gliding, flight, courtship, extended hops
The Argentinean pampas are a type of _____.
grassland
Species in hot climates tend to _____ compared to species in cold climates.
have larger surface-to-volume ratios
The primates that spend the most time walking upright are the _____.
hominids. Humans are hominids.
Homologous pairs of chromosomes are lined up independently of other such pairs during _____.
metaphase I
Generation-to-generation change in the allele frequencies in a population is _____.
microevolution
Crossing over, resulting in an increase in genetic variation, occurs between _____.
nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes
At the fossil site at Punta Alta, Darwin found evidence _____.
of extinction