Mastery quiz #8

Kylo is taking a social psychology course and his teacher asks students to take a computerized test that asks them to sort pictures into different categories, such as "good" and "bad." The goal of this test is to help identify automatic preferences of which a person may not be consciously aware. What is this test called?

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

What type of tool is used to measure automatic preferences such as one's attitude toward different groups?

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Mood-congruent memory is occurring in which of the following scenarios?

John is currently sad and can more easily recall a time when he got in trouble for a late assignment.

Based on your understanding of the research of Solomon Asch, you know that of all of the following choices, the person most likely to demonstrate conformity would be:

Mika, a 23-year old Japanese woman

Which of the following is NOT a difficulty in studying social categorization?

People must be in negative moods in order to engage in social categorization.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding aggressive behaviors?

they may have been adaptive in our ancient past

Elden is angry because Martin has been making sexual advances at Elden's wife. Elden goes to Martin's apartment and attacks him. Martin has to be hospitalized. Elden's behaviors are an example of ________.

violence

Which researcher produced the famous studies of obedience that involved deceiving participants into believing that they were delivering electric shocks to a helpless victim?

Milgram

Under which of the following circumstances would you expect a person to demonstrate the highest level of conformity in Solomon Asch's research protocol?

Orlando has to give his choice out loud.

__________ is the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.

Persuasion

16-year-old high school student Gregory thinks of himself as a member of the "musical clique" at school and feels that the musicians are the best group of students. He thinks poorly of athletes and spends most of his time with peers who share similar interest. This is an example of __________ theory.

self-categorization

Estimates suggest that if the wars of the 20thcentury had killed the same proportion of the total population as ancient tribal wars did, then the death toll from those conflicts would have exceeded ________ people.

2 billion

Which historical event led directly to Milgram's research on obedience?

German citizens' willingness to go along with Nazi leaders during the Holocaust

Ezra is currently experiencing a high level of activity in the superior temporal sulcus, or STS, of his brain. Which of the following is happening to Ezra at the moment?

He is thinking about physical motion.

Physically attractive people experience many benefits in life. Particularly, more physically attractive people have an easier time persuading others. Which characteristic is an example of why this occurs?

Physically attractive people are perceived as having higher moral character.

What is the difference between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination?

Stereotypes are based on beliefs, prejudice is based on emotions, and discrimination is based on behavior.

Which of the following is a possible outcome when individuals' implicit and explicit attitudes do not match?

They are unaware they hold an actual bias, such as a bias towards an ethnic minority.

A belief that characterizes people based merely on group membership is __________.

a stereotype.

The durability bias occurs when a person overestimates how long their feelings might last. This bias is a type of:

affective forecasting

When Surita sees a man walking around the shopping mall in December and notices that he is very robust, has a long white beard, and wears thin rimmed eyeglasses, she immediately assumes that he is a Santa Claus actor taking a break; she is engaging in a(n) _________ process.

automatic

The ________ heuristic is one in which the frequency or likelihood of an event is evaluated based on how easily examples come to mind.

availability

Which heuristic would you likely use if you were asked, "are there more words in the English language that start with the letter "k" or that have "k" as the third letter in the word?"

availability heuristic

Brandon does not believe he is prejudiced. However, he got very nervous when told he was randomly assigned to room with a man from Costa Rica for his first year in college. He plans to spend as little time as possible in his room because of this reason. Brandon is probably experiencing which of the following?

aversive racism

Ira brags about how wonderful he is, talks endlessly about his accomplishments, and pushes people to admire him. He lashes out when his inflated sense of importance is threatened by others. Ira would rate high in a measure of ________.

narcissism

Clara is extremely hungry after having a 3 hour meeting. She wants food as quickly as possible but is unsure of where to eat. Because of her motivation to eat, she makes a quick decision to eat at the coffee shop a few buildings away. Her motivation to make a quick decision is an example of what concept?

need for closure

Functional __________ involves classifying how regions within the nervous system relate to psychology and behavior.

neuroanatomy

Persuasion is most effective when individuals are:

not feeling that their freedom to make a choice is threatened

During a political debate, one candidate continually avoids questions about the details of his policies. Instead, he focuses on pointing out problems that he know worry people and reassures them with a warm smile that they will be "in good hands" if he is elected. This candidate is using the ________ route to persuasion in trying to garner votes.

peripheral

Ben is playing basketball with his friends one day when he notices everyone else has name brand shoes. He is uncertain how the quality of his shoes compares to his friends but because of __________ he feels pressure to conform and ends up buying name brand shoes for himself by the following week.

social proof

Yolanda is hosting a jewelry party during which her friends will come to her home and (hopefully) buy jewelry that she recommends. In this situation, there are many different ways in which perceptions of trustworthiness are being manipulated. Which of the following best describes why Yolanda might be successful in selling jewelry?

word of mouth