Max Unit 5 & 9 Group

Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?

A defensive lineman tackles the ball carrier to prevent the opposing team from scoring a touchdown.

Bill uses a "rule of thumb" when solving a maze quickly on an iPad app. He is using:

A heuristic

In attempting to find and purchase high-quality makeup products, Carla reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Carla's self-reminder illustrates the use of:

A heuristic

Eustace is a noodler (somebody who fishes with his bare hands). Eustace worries this unusual hobby will hinder his ability to make friends. Thus, he is quiet around new people who do not get the chance to get to know him. They in turn find him stand-offish and do not invite him to gatherings. This is an example of:

A self-fulfilling prophecy

Liam and Trevor come from very different cultural backgrounds and are often in conflict with one another because of significant differences in their traditions. However, after a terrible earthquake affects their town, Liam and Trevor put aside their cultural differences and work together to save victims. This is an example of:

A superordinate goal

Which social psychology researcher demonstrated the impact of observational learning on aggression?

Albert Bandura

Research suggests that frustration alone is not enough to lead to aggression.In combination with frustration, which additional factor leads to aggression?

Appropriate environmental cues

When 12-year-old Devin saw an old woman lying on the sidewalk in discomfort, he prepared to offer help. When he noticed several adults walk past the woman, he concluded that the woman did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates what social psychology term?

Bystander Effect

Which linguist is most closely associated with the concept of universal grammar? He famously challenged behaviorist accounts of language acquisition.

Chomsky

Francesca's favorable attitude toward the death penalty began to change when she was asked to offer arguments opposing it in a public speaking class. Her attitude adjustment is best explained by what theory?

Cognitive Dissonance

Johnny decided to cheat on his psychology test. While he initially felt guilty about doing this, he concluded that it was an appropriate action to take because his teacher had done a poor job teaching the unit, and he was not going to become a psychologist anyway. Johnny's change in attitude is BEST explained by which of the following?

Cognitive dissonance

People tend to seek out and find more convincing evidence that is consistent with an already-held view. This pattern, which can lead one astray, is known as what?

Confirmation Bias

Which of the following BEST explains why people riot?

Deindividualization

Dr. James is usually a kind and patient teacher, but one day in class he loses his temper with a couple of students. His students are MOST likely to make a dispositional attribution when explaining Dr. James' behavior if

Dr. James has lost his temper in class before

After suffering a brain injury in a car accident, Russell cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Russell's memory problem most clearly illustrates:

Encoding Failure

If you ask most Americans where they were on 9/11, you will likely hear a vivid, detailed recollection. This is an example of what?

Flashbulb Memory

Interference theory and decay theory are contrasting ideas to explain what memory process?

Forgetting

George Feldspar is an AP psychology student. It is crunch time in late April, with the test 8 days away. He uses flash cards to help him recognize similarities and differences between terms, including "fundamental attribution error." Which of the following terms is least similar to fundamental attribution error?

Formal reason mechanism

On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20% chance of rain, so Jose took his umbrella to work. On Wednesday, the meteorologist reported an 80% chance of sunshine, so Jose left his umbrella at home. Jose's behavior illustrates what psychological concept?

Framing Effect

You would be more likely to agree to a surgery with a 50% success rate than a 50% failure rate. What psychological concept illustrates this concept?

Framing Effect

Charlie was not aware that the father of the pitcher on his son's baseball team had recently passed away. The pitcher has two bad games in a row and Charlie tells his son that the pitcher has been slacking and is not taking the game seriously. This incorrect assessment of the pitcher is due to the

Fundamental attribution error

Tonya is accustomed to listening to her teacher talk about psychological terms and theories that seem to contradict each other. With an upcoming vacation and an approaching exam to think about, Tonya is not focused on anything the teacher is saying. However, when Tonya hears about how people would slowly shock a stranger to death in the Milgram experiment, she raises her hand and tells her teacher that she would never do that.

Fundamental attribution error

When Tim sees homeless people on the street, he refuses to give them money because they are the ones that got themselves into the situation. If they claim their life circumstances put them on the street, they are just using excuses. What social psychology principle is Tim demonstrating?

Fundamental attribution error

Joanne and her friends are supporters of a new movement. After going to a rally with thousands of fellow supporters, they become stronger in their views.This strengthening of their views BEST exemplifies:

Group polarization

Students tend to work more efficiently and productively when the teacher is actively monitoring their progress by walking around the classroom. Which concept BEST explains this phenomenon?

Hawthorne effect

Which of the following clearly demonstrates the frustration-aggression principle?

In baseball, a pitcher is more likely to hit a member of the opposing team if that opponent previously scored a point against the pitcher's team.

What is a key difference between groupthink and group polarization?

In groupthink, the group needs to come to a decision, whereas in group polarization, people are discussing their individual views.

What did psychologists learn from the Teacher vs. Learner shock therapy experiment?

Individuals obey authority figures, even when tasks require inhumane actions

Conformity that results from accepting evidence about reality provided by others is

Informational influence

Wolfgang Kohler conducted research which of the following

Insight learning

A doctor observing starving children in a third world country comes to the conclusion that the children must have done something horrible in their past life to deserve this. What is this way of thinking called?

Just-world phenomenon

A classic demonstration of memory requires two groups of students to memorize a list of sentences. One group is instructed to rate sentences on how easy they are to pronounce. The other group must rate the sentences according to how easy it is to form a mental picture of the statement. Afterwards, the students in the visualization group remember more content from the sentences than the students in the pronounciation group. This result is due to differences in

Levels of processing

The neurological basis for long term memories stored in the brain is called

Long Term Potentiation

Stanley is hired as a security guard at a local store so that customers feel safe and potential shoplifters are discouraged from stealing. He has never worked in security before and is unsure of how to make people think that he has authority. Which of the following pieces of advice would help Stanley the MOST?

Make sure to find a uniform, and if possible a badge and store identification so as to be clearly identified as security.

When comparing the line experiment and the Stanford prison experiment, which of the following is LEAST correct?

Neither study is applicable to the "average" person.

Which of the following psychologists saw children going through the same stages of grammar at approximately the same age as evidence of innate language organization?

Noam Chomsky

Justin is unexpectedly invited to his neighbor's birthday party. He rushes out to the store to buy a present for her because it is socially expected that he bring a gift to the party.

Norm

Conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations is

Normative influence

Kevin and Kristin have a fulfilling marital relationship because they often confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. This best illustrates the value of:

Passionate Love

In order to determine if someone has just said "bark" or "park," you have to discriminate the initial sound, or:

Phoneme

If you are having difficulty remembering this year's Spanish vocabulary because of the French classes that you have taken in previous years, you are experiencing

Proactive interference

Wilmoth has been described by her psychology teacher, Mrs. Rietveld, as a bit absent minded. While Wilmoth can remember Wundt, Freud, and Skinner, she has trouble remembering to do something she already planned. What type of memory is Sally struggling with?

Prospective memory

A robin is judged to be a better example of a bird than some others, a parrot or flamingo, for example. Therefore, a robin would be considered a(n) _______ of birds.

Prototype

Eight-year-old Charlie likes to pick on his younger brother by taking his hat, pushing him, and trying to trip him when he walks. Charlie is so aggressive that he kicks his brother in the knee. His teacher thinks that Charlie should put his energy into sports. Which approach would support sports as a substitute for Charlie's aggressive behavior?

Psychoanalytic

Rama frequently complains to Suzy about her parents. Suzy notices that Rama repeats the same stories each time, Rama's stories become more elaborate each time and change. She has pointed out Rama's exaggerations , but Rama swears she is remembering accurately. Which term best describes what is happening with Rama's stories?

Reconstructive memory

While short-term memory lasts for less than a minute, its duration may be extended through:

Rehearsal

The correlation between scores obtained on two halves of a single test yields information about the test's:

Reliability

Elizabeth Loftus asked teenagers and children to remember a time when they were lost in a mall. Through the events in their stories never actually occurred, the subjects recalled memories as a result of being questioned. What was the cause of these false recollections?

Retroactive interference

Which of the following is an example of a 2-year-old Sophia's overextension in language?

Saying ¨doggie¨ for every animal with four legs and a tail

What is the highest need on Maslow's hierarchy?

Self Actualization

When Johanna does well on her first psychology exam, she believes it is due to her diligent preparation. When she struggles on a subsequent exam, she complains to her friends that it is because the professor did a poor job teaching the material. Johanna's perception of her performances on the two exams is BEST explained by which concept?

Self-serving bias

Zach blames his teacher for making bad test questions when he failed his science test. Zach´s assessment of cause and effect in this situation is an example of the

Self-serving bias

On the first day of her new job, Jess is introduced to eight new coworkers. Moments later, she can only remember the names of the first three and last two coworkers. Her experience illustrates what memory-based psychological concept?

Serial position effect

Which of the following is a dispositional attribution?

Sherry consistently turns her work in on time, leading her professors to assume she is a conscientious student.

In order to be accepted into the neighborhood gang, Jill needs to earn the respect of her fellow members by winning fights at school. She watches other gang members to figure out the best course of action. She chooses her victim, a member of a rival gang, and starts a fight with her in the cafeteria. Which theory of aggression explains why Jill watches her fellow gang members and copies their behaviors?

Social scripts

Mr. Johnson asks his students to return any pencils they borrow to the container at the front of the room when they are done. However, many students do not take the time to do this and within a couple of days, he finds that his pencil container is empty. Which of the following BEST illustrates what has happened with Mr. Johnson's class and the pencil container?

Social trap

Which of the following is considered to be a possible cause of the misinformation effect?

Source Confusion

School hosts a soccer game in front of the entire student body. The girls' team is very young and inexperienced, but the boys' team is full of seniors who have played for four years. While both teams have a similar record going into the game, the teams play very differently during the in-school game in front of a packed stadium. The girls play well below their ability and lose miserably. However, the boys who typically play tougher opponents, revel in the attention and play their best game of the season.How would a social psychologist explain EACH teams' performance during the in-school game?

The girls are experiencing social inhibition, while the boys are demonstrating social facilitation.

When is a person less likely to conform

When the group cannot see how the person behaves

It took a while, but Bruce finally gave in to his friends' requests to smash Halloween pumpkins in the neighborhood. Later that night, he was surprised he didn't resist their pressure to spray paint a police car. Bruce's experience best demonstrates the

foot-in-the-door phenomenon