Chapter 02

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Most computers today support the ___standard, which means the computer automatically configures new devices as soon as they are installed and the computer is powered up.

Plug and Play

Network ports are used to connect to a computer to a computer network via a networking cable - typically a cable using an __, which looks like similar to a telephone connector but its larger.

RJ-45 connector

The __ is the section of a CPU core that performs arithmetic involving integers and logical operations.

ALU

One measurement of the speed of a CPU is the __, which is rated in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).

CPU clock speed

Since Jack has a windows systems he can right-click a hard drive icon in the file explorer select properties and then select the ___ option on the tools tab to check that hard drive for errors.

Check

Magnetic RAM (MRAM) uses __ rather than an electric charge to store data.

Flash memory

___ consists of nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storage by the computer or the user.

Flash memory

___ have begun to replace ROM for storing system information such as a computer's BIOS.

Flash memory chips

__ are small components typically made out of aluminum with fins that help to dissipate heat.

Heat sinks

The numbering system we commonly use is called decimal numbing system because it uses ___ symbols to represent all possible numbers.

10

Each place value in binary number oh represents __ raised to the appropriate power.

2

To connect multiple USB devices to a single USB port, a __ can be used.

USB Hub

To connect her external hard drives in which are all music files are stored to the computer Jess needs to use a __.

USB port

The ___ allows 127 different devices to connect to a computer via a single USB port on the computer's system unit.

USB standard

Jack can use the __ program to locate and delete temporary files such as installation files web browsing history and files in the recycling bin.

Windows Disk cleanup

One reason a computer might become ineffective is that when programs are uninstalled pieces of the program are sometimes left behind or references to these programs are left in the operating system files such as the ___.

Windows registry

Like graphics data, ___ - such as a song or the sound of someone speaking - must be in digital form in order to be stored on a storage medium or proccesed by a computer

audio data

The bus width and bus speed together determine the bus's __.

bandwidth

A ___ is the smallest unit of data that a binary computer can recognize

bit

A __ is an electronic path over which data can travel.

bus

The __ allows a core to communicate with other CPU components, such as the memory controller and other cores.

bus interface unit

Eight bits group together are collectively referred to as __.

byte

A circuit board is a thin board containing __ and other electronic components.

computer chips

The __ takes instructions from the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that that the control unit can understand.

decode unit

Video data such as home movies feature films video clips and television shows - is displayed using a collection of __.

frames

The JPEG images taken by the most digital cameras today use 24-bit __.

full color images

The term __ refers to chip-based storage.

hard drive

A __ is approximately 1,00 bytes.

kilobyte (KB)

Today CPUs are formed using a process called ___ that implants patterns on the semiconductor materials.

lithography

A(n) __ instruction might look like a meaningless string of 0s and 1s, but it is actually represents scientific operations and storage locations.

machine language

One nanometer (nm) is ___ of a meter.

one-billionth

With bitmapped images, the color each __ is represented by bits;the more bits used, the better the image quality.

pixel

The __ orders data and instructions from the cache or RAM based on the current task.

prefetch unit

The ___ tries to predict what data and instructions will be needed and retrieves them ahead of time in order to help avoid delays in processing.

prefetch unit

Jess has pictures from her old computers saved on a flash memory card. To transfer these to her new computer she will insert the card into a(n) __.

slot

Jack can speed up his computer by scanning it for viruses and __.

spyware

To synchronize all of the computers operations a __which is located on the mother board is used.

system clock

The key element of the microprocessor is the __ -a device made of semiconductor material that controls the flow electronics inside a chip.

transitor

Terascale computing is the ability of a computer to process one __ floating point operations per second (teraflops).

trillion

A computer __ is the amount of data (typically measured in bits or bytes) that a CPU can manipulate at one time.

unit


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