Chapter 02
Most computers today support the ___standard, which means the computer automatically configures new devices as soon as they are installed and the computer is powered up.
Plug and Play
Network ports are used to connect to a computer to a computer network via a networking cable - typically a cable using an __, which looks like similar to a telephone connector but its larger.
RJ-45 connector
The __ is the section of a CPU core that performs arithmetic involving integers and logical operations.
ALU
One measurement of the speed of a CPU is the __, which is rated in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).
CPU clock speed
Since Jack has a windows systems he can right-click a hard drive icon in the file explorer select properties and then select the ___ option on the tools tab to check that hard drive for errors.
Check
Magnetic RAM (MRAM) uses __ rather than an electric charge to store data.
Flash memory
___ consists of nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storage by the computer or the user.
Flash memory
___ have begun to replace ROM for storing system information such as a computer's BIOS.
Flash memory chips
__ are small components typically made out of aluminum with fins that help to dissipate heat.
Heat sinks
The numbering system we commonly use is called decimal numbing system because it uses ___ symbols to represent all possible numbers.
10
Each place value in binary number oh represents __ raised to the appropriate power.
2
To connect multiple USB devices to a single USB port, a __ can be used.
USB Hub
To connect her external hard drives in which are all music files are stored to the computer Jess needs to use a __.
USB port
The ___ allows 127 different devices to connect to a computer via a single USB port on the computer's system unit.
USB standard
Jack can use the __ program to locate and delete temporary files such as installation files web browsing history and files in the recycling bin.
Windows Disk cleanup
One reason a computer might become ineffective is that when programs are uninstalled pieces of the program are sometimes left behind or references to these programs are left in the operating system files such as the ___.
Windows registry
Like graphics data, ___ - such as a song or the sound of someone speaking - must be in digital form in order to be stored on a storage medium or proccesed by a computer
audio data
The bus width and bus speed together determine the bus's __.
bandwidth
A ___ is the smallest unit of data that a binary computer can recognize
bit
A __ is an electronic path over which data can travel.
bus
The __ allows a core to communicate with other CPU components, such as the memory controller and other cores.
bus interface unit
Eight bits group together are collectively referred to as __.
byte
A circuit board is a thin board containing __ and other electronic components.
computer chips
The __ takes instructions from the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that that the control unit can understand.
decode unit
Video data such as home movies feature films video clips and television shows - is displayed using a collection of __.
frames
The JPEG images taken by the most digital cameras today use 24-bit __.
full color images
The term __ refers to chip-based storage.
hard drive
A __ is approximately 1,00 bytes.
kilobyte (KB)
Today CPUs are formed using a process called ___ that implants patterns on the semiconductor materials.
lithography
A(n) __ instruction might look like a meaningless string of 0s and 1s, but it is actually represents scientific operations and storage locations.
machine language
One nanometer (nm) is ___ of a meter.
one-billionth
With bitmapped images, the color each __ is represented by bits;the more bits used, the better the image quality.
pixel
The __ orders data and instructions from the cache or RAM based on the current task.
prefetch unit
The ___ tries to predict what data and instructions will be needed and retrieves them ahead of time in order to help avoid delays in processing.
prefetch unit
Jess has pictures from her old computers saved on a flash memory card. To transfer these to her new computer she will insert the card into a(n) __.
slot
Jack can speed up his computer by scanning it for viruses and __.
spyware
To synchronize all of the computers operations a __which is located on the mother board is used.
system clock
The key element of the microprocessor is the __ -a device made of semiconductor material that controls the flow electronics inside a chip.
transitor
Terascale computing is the ability of a computer to process one __ floating point operations per second (teraflops).
trillion
A computer __ is the amount of data (typically measured in bits or bytes) that a CPU can manipulate at one time.
unit
