MCQ psych

A biologist seeking to train mountan lions to avoid eating cattle on nearby ranches would MOST likely use whoch of the following methods?

aversive conditioning

Which social psychology researcher demonstrated the impact of observational learning on aggression?

Albert Bandura

Jerry uses profanity often around his children but tells them they should never use those words. According to research on observational learning, Jerry's children are MOST likely to

use profanity like Jerry, but tell others they should not

B.F. Skinner would MOST likely agree with which of the following statements?

"everything we do is in response to the rewards and punishments of our environment"

Which of the following is the BEST example of social learning?

Cicero figuring which fork to use at a fancy dinner by watching his grandmother

Larry eats at the local restaurant and gets food poisoning after eating the salad bar. After his happens, Larry gets nauseous not only seeing the salad bar at the local restaurant, but at any place that serves a salad bar. Which classical conditioning response is Larry experiencing?

Generalization

Rillie is trying to train her pet rabbit HunnyBunny to do tricks using operant and classical conditioning. Based on your knowledge of how biology affects learning, what would you tell her as she embarks on this journey?

HunnyBunny will find it much easier to learn associations and perform activities that fit with rabbit behavior and are adaptive, and there may be some behaviors or associations she can never learn

The inventor of the ice cream cone said that the idea came to him "like a flash" and "as an epiphany" to solve the problem of how to distribute ice cream on a hot day when he had run out of bowls. What type of learning is this?

Insight learning

Cows almost always face due north or south when they eat. Lenwood uses operant conditioning to teach his cow, Mr. Moo, to eat facing east. At first, Lenwood is successful, but as time goes on, Mr. Moo reverts to eating facing north, even when Lenwood offers a reward for eating facing east. What is Lenwood's failure to retrain Mr. Moo an example of?

Instinctive drift

In seventh grade, Petra was taught how to study and take notes, but she has never used those skills because she earned good grades without them. However, after failing her first two AP Psychology exams, she begins to use these techniques for the first time and continues to use them after she is rewarded with higher grades. This is an example of

Latent learning

Rosa is taking calculus and is very anxious that she will not do well. On her first test, Rosa scores a 60%. For her second test, Rosa studies more and scores a 63%. Rosa decides to try harder and studies even more for the third test but scores a 59%. At this point, Rosa decides that she is not smart enough to learn calculus and drops the class. Which of the following BEST describes what Rosa is feeling?

Learned helplessness

When Tycen was a small child, he could not master origami, and the other children made fun of him. Now in high school, he refuses to try it again because he believes that it is beyond his abilities, even though he is more patient and capable now. Instead, he sits in misery as the other students make paper cranes. Tycen's refusal to try origami as a teenager is an example of

Learned helplessness

Ellie learns how to swing a softball bat by watching her coach because of cells in her brain that fire when she watches him swing. Which of the following biological structures MOST likely helps Ellie learn to swing?

Mirror neurons

Which words best describes how social learning works?

Modeling

In a classic study by Albert Bandura, children used novel forms of aggression on a Bobo doll after adults had demonstrated aggression in their presence. This study demonstrated the power of

Observational learning

Which of the following stimuli would be easiest to condition a person to fear as a phobia?

Snakes

Wylie used to love steak, but once she ate it right before she got the stomach flu, and now she cannot even look at a steak without feeing ill. This is an example of which of the following?

Taste aversion

Edward Tolman created his theory of latent learning through which of the following?

Timing rats trying to escape from a maze both with and without reinforcement.

David wears a blue shirt on the day he is taking a psychology test that he does not expect to do well on. To his surprise, he does well on the test. Now he wears this same blue shirt every time he takes a test. Which of the following explains David's behavior?

a behavior taht is accidentally reinforced is more likely to be repeated

How would a behaviorist explain learned helplessness?

because earlier actions were not reinforced, any escape behaviors have been extinguished

Edward Thorndlike put cats in boxes that required them to find and push a lever to open the boxes to escape and eat tempting fish placed right outside the box. Thorndlike's experiment led him to propose his "Law of Effect," which states that

behaviors that have a good effect will be repeated and behaviors that have a bad effect will stop

Which of the following BEST summarizes the findings of Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll experiments?

children are likely to imitate the behavior of adults

What is the most important conclusion to draw from Albert Bandura's "Bobo Doll" experiment?

children can learn behaviors through observation and imitation

Which of the following statements describes the explanation of classical conditioning in the Rescorla-Wagner model?

classical conditioning is adaptive because the conditioned stimulus predicts the unconditioned stimulus, so the speed of the acquisition phase of conditioning is a function of how well the conditioned stimulus signals the impending unconditional stimulus

Ibrahim starts a new job sellign concessions at an amusement park and spends his breaks taking strolls without really thinking about where he is going. He finds he is soon able to give directions to park visitors, even though he has not consciously tried to learn the layout of the park. His experience is an example of:

cognitive mapping

When John Garcia fed sweetened water to his laboratory mice and then exposed them to radiation, he found that these mice later drank less sweetened water than other mice who had not been irradiated. Contrary to previous studies in classical conditioning, Garcia noted that the mice avoided the sweetened water even after only one conditioning trial. Which of the following terms describes the phenomenon Garcia observed?

conditioned flavor aversion

Mimi undergoes a classical conditioning session that teaches her to associate a bell with a mild electric shock. The training takes place in a red room. Robert Rescorla's contingency model of classical conditioning would explain why MImi learned to flinch at the bell and not whenever she enters red rooms. Which explanation uses Rescorla's theory?

conditioning only occurs when one thing reliably predicts another, and the red room is not predictive enough of an electric shock to become a CS

Finnian is five years old. Based on social learning theory, who and what is he MOST likely to imitate?

his admired older brother's habit of starting every sentence with "Yeah, but..."

Which of these serves as the BEST evidence that there are cognitive factors in learning?

if somebody wants to artificially create a taste aversion by poisoning an undesired food, it is less effective if the subject knows there is medicine in his food that is making him or her ill

In Ivan Pavlov's experiments, he discovered that classical conditioning was MOST effective if the conditioned stimulus occurs

immediately before the unconditioned stimulus

When Breland & Breland studied the effects of operant conditioning and ratio schedules of reinforcement on pigs' behavior, they found that though the pigs could be quickly conditioned to a task, that over time theri performance on the task degraded. Instead of performing the task behavior, which was reinforced with food, the pigs would delay their task behavior by performing unreinforced behaviors, like rooting, associated with gathering food in the wild. Which of the following terms describes the phenomenon the Brelands observed in this study?

instinctive drift

Which of the following accurately describes the effect of long-term potentiation in the brain?

long-term potentiation results in a stronger signal connection between two neurons

John Garcia's research on taste aversion with rats helped establish that there are adaptive biological constraints on learning. In one study, he shocked one group of rats after they drank flavored water. A second group's flavored water made them sick. How did the rats respond?

only the rats that experienced the nausea avoided the water

Which of the following statements explains why some conditioned associations or behaviors are acquired faster than others?

organisms have biological predispositions to learn conditioned associations and behaviors that will aid their survival, so they acquire those targets faster