Med Surg II Exam 2

The nurse is providing client education about the different types of breast biopsy. The nurse describes a procedure that uses a wide needle to remove a large sample. Local anesthesia may or may not be used. What type of biopsy is the nurse describing? Core needle Fine-needle aspiration Vacuum-assisted Surgical excision

Core needle

A patient reports the presence of a painful lump in the breast. The primary healthcare provider uses a needle with a cutter to excise the breast tissue for evaluation. Which diagnostic test was performed in the patient? Core needle biopsy Surgical excision biopsy Vacuum-assisted biopsy Fine needle aspiration cytology

Core needle biopsy

Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when providing care to a patient who is diagnosed with lung cancer? Select all that apply. Dyspnea Flank pain Hematuria Weight loss Chronic cough

Dyspnea Weight loss Chronic cough

A mother of three states she experiences urinary leakage when coughing or sneezing. Which intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to suggest first? Clean intermittent catheterization Anticholinergic medication Restrict oral fluid intake Kegel exercises

Kegel exercises

*A nurse is caring for a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia who has been admitted to the oncology department due to leukostasis. What are the most important nursing interventions for this patient? Select all that apply. Monitor white blood cell count. Assess for signs of occluded microcirculation. Monitor calcium, phosphorous, and renal function. Assess for edema of the face and eyes. Assess for signs of bleeding.

Monitor white blood cell count. Assess for signs of occluded microcirculation. Assess for signs of bleeding.

The client is experiencing hypercalcemia from bone metastasis. What symptoms will the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply. Hypotension Muscle weakness Bradycardia Polyuria Prolonged capillary refill

Muscle weakness Bradycardia Polyuria

A patient is diagnosed with a very large prostate and bladder stones. The primary health-care provider suggests surgery to remove the prostate. Which surgery does the nurse expect the primary health-care provider will advise? Laser surgery Open prostatectomy Transurethral microwave therapy Transurethral resection of the prostate

Open prostatectomy

The diagnostic report of a patient reveals the presence of a 2 cm tumor that is suspected to be invasive. Which type of biopsy may be indicated to determine the extent and stage of breast cancer? Sentinel node biopsy Surgical excision biopsy Vacuum-assisted biopsy Fine needle aspiration cytology

Sentinel node biopsy

A patient in the active dying phase has been admitted to the palliative care unit. What is the nurse's most important course of action when dealing with the caregivers? The nurse should refrain from informing the family members about the transition to the active dying phase. The nurse should provide spiritual care based on the patient's preferences. The nurse should educate the patient's family members about the signs and symptoms of dying. The nurse should instruct the caregivers to administer opioids to the patient.

The nurse should educate the patient's family members about the signs and symptoms of dying.

A postsurgical patient is admitted to a palliative care facility due to physiological complications. The patient develops respiratory distress during the active dying phase. What is the first step that the nurse should take in this situation? The nurse should elevate the head of the bed. The nurse should administer opiates such as morphine. The nurse should surround the patient with familiar sights, sounds, and smells. The nurse should notify the family members since the patient is in end-of-life care.

The nurse should elevate the head of the bed.

Which is true regarding physical and psychological changes in the early stage of death? The patient may experience a decrease in body temperature and blood pressure. The patient may not experience hunger or thirst as the body slows down. The patient may experience congestion in the airways that can cause respirations to sound loud and wet. The patient may experience a change in skin color as the circulation diminishes.

The patient may not experience hunger or thirst as the body slows down.

A nurse is providing instructions to a patient who is prescribed antibiotics and phenazopyridine for a urinary tract infection. Which statement made by the patient indicates effective learning? "I should reduce my fluid intake." "I should report if my urine turns orange." "I should administer phenazopyridine for only 3 days." "I should stop using antibiotics if my symptoms disappear."

"I should administer phenazopyridine for only 3 days."

A 52-year-old patient is undergoing treatment for vaginal dryness, hot flashes, and painful intercourse. Which risk factor in the patient should the nurse monitor to prevent complications in the patient? Anemia Hypertension Lymphedema Renal function

Hypertension

The nurse is caring for a patient who is newly diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. The patient says, "I don't want to die." How should the nurse respond? "I am sure you are very afraid. Tell me what you are most scared of." "Everyone is going to die sometime." "Cancer is very treatable. I am sure you'll be fine." "If you follow the treatment plan, you'll have the best chance of living."

"I am sure you are very afraid. Tell me what you are most scared of."

While preparing a patient suspected of having esophageal cancer for a biopsy, the patient asks the nurse, "What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?" Which statement made by the nurse is correct? "Benign tumors undergo metastasis." "Malignant tumors are regulated by contact inhibition." "Benign tumors do not have anchorage dependence." "Malignant tumors directly invade adjacent tissues and spread to distant tissues."

"Malignant tumors directly invade adjacent tissues and spread to distant tissues."

A client with benign prostatic hyperplasia asks about medications that can help shrink the prostate tissue. Which type of medication should the nurse mention? 5-alpha reductase inhibitors Diuretic Chemotherapy agents Beta blockers

5-alpha reductase inhibitors

The nurse is comparing patients who have a normal prostate cancer risk based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Which patient would the nurse expect to be normal? A 48-year-old man with a PSA level of 4 to 10 mg/mL A 45-year-old man with a PSA level > 10 ng/mL A 73-year-old man with a PSA level of 5 mg/mL A 50-year-old man with a PSA level of 3.9 mg/mL

A 73-year-old man with a PSA level of 5 mg/mL

Which female patient is at high risk for endometrial cancer? Select all that apply. A patient who is obese A patient with liver cirrhosis A patient who is 20 years old A patient who is on tamoxifen A patient who is on progesterone therapy

A patient who is obese A patient with liver cirrhosis A patient who is on tamoxifen

Which client would have the highest probability of developing breast cancer? A woman whose menarche started at age 15 A woman who went through menopause at age 49 An Asian woman living in Asia A woman whose menarche started at age 9

A woman whose menarche started at age 9

A client presents to the clinic after experiencing a strong need to urinate followed by uncontrolled leakage of urine. The nurse suspects the client will be diagnosed with which type of urinary incontinence? Stress incontinence Urge incontinence Functional incontinence Overflow incontinence

Urge incontinence

A nurse caring for a patient who is undergoing cancer therapy tells him or her, "Remember to cover your head while outside to safeguard against sun damage." Which adverse effect of the therapy is the patient possibly suffering from for which the nurse is cautioning him/her? Nausea/vomiting Diarrhea Thrombosis Alopecia

Alopecia

A 52-year-old female patient is diagnosed with metastatic bladder cancer, which has spread to her ovaries and fallopian tubes. Which treatment option is most likely to benefit the patient? Fulguration Anterior exenteration Intravesical chemotherapy Colporrhaphy

Anterior exenteration

A patient is diagnosed with urinary urge incontinence from an overactive bladder. Which treatment strategies are most likely to be beneficial to the patient? Select all that apply. Anticholinergics Systemic estrogen Bladder neck suspension Augmentation cystoplasty Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents

Anticholinergics Augmentation cystoplasty

The nurse is caring for a patient with cancer-associated tumor lysis syndrome. Which nursing assessment is most beneficial for the patient? Assess the patient for increased urine output. Assess the patient for hyperkalemia. Assess the patient for hypertension. Assess the patient for stridor and hypoxemia.

Assess the patient for hyperkalemia.

A patient with lung cancer is diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome. Which action is most appropriate for this patient? Assessing for signs of fluid overload Assessing for unsteady gait Assessing for signs of renal dysfunction Assessing for signs of respiratory distress

Assessing for signs of respiratory distress

The nurse is conducting a health history interview for a patient who admits to current tobacco use. Which cancers is this patient at risk for developing? Select all that apply. Colon Hepatic Bladder Breast Lung

Bladder Lung

A patient has hematuria, abdominal discomfort, and a distended abdomen. Which condition does the patient most likely have, according to these symptoms? Brain tumor Bladder cancer Cervical cancer Esophageal cancer

Bladder cancer

While assessing a patient with endometriosis, the nurse finds the patient shows signs of anxiety. Which might be the reason for the patient's condition? Infertility Chronic pelvic pain Inflammation of endometrial implants Scarring of endometrial implants

Chronic pelvic pain

*The nurse is caring for a patient with spinal cord compression. Which symptoms demonstrate late stages? Back pain Weakness, numbness, and tingling Inability to distinguish between hot and cold Constipation or incontinence

Constipation or incontinence (rest are early)

A nurse is assessing the vital signs of a patient diagnosed with stones in his or her ureters. Which vital sign change is most likely to be observed? Decreased heart rate Decreased temperature Decreased blood pressure Decreased respiratory rate

Decreased blood pressure

Which clinical finding is present in a patient undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer? Increased hematocrit Increased hemoglobin Decreased liver enzymes Decreased white blood cell count

Decreased white blood cell count

A nurse is caring for a patient receiving palliative care. What course of action should the nurse take in case the patient is incapable of making decisions? Act as the surrogate decision-maker for the patient. Provide equitable access to palliative care. Determine the patient's surrogate decision-maker. Provide care that is beneficial to the patient.

Determine the patient's surrogate decision-maker.

A patient is diagnosed with stage T2 bladder cancer. The tumor has not metastasized. Which part of the urinary tract is infected according to the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system? Kidney Urothelium Renal artery Detrusor muscle

Detrusor muscle

A nurse taking care of a patient receiving palliative care feels that the patient is uncomfortable with the caregivers' choices. What course of action should the nurse take to alleviate the feeling of moral distress when even the primary health-care provider agrees with the caregivers? Discuss the situation with other nurses. Discuss the situation with the patient. Discuss the situation with the caregivers. Discuss the situation with the primary health-care provider.

Discuss the situation with other nurses.

Which is true regarding the ductal carcinoma in situ? Ductal carcinoma is metastatic. Ductal carcinoma includes invasive lesions. Ductal carcinoma occurs in the lobule where milk is produced. Ductal carcinoma occurs in the lining of the milk ducts.

Ductal carcinoma occurs in the lining of the milk ducts.

A sexually active patient who smokes is at risk for developing which disease condition? Fibroids Endometriosis Dysmenorrhea Uterine cancer

Dysmenorrhea

Which condition is observed in a patient with endometriosis? Estrogen production is decreased. Cell-mediated immunity is activated. Estradiol concentration is decreased. 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 is increased.

Estradiol concentration is decreased.

Which clinical manifestation is observed in a patient with upper ureteral stones? Flank pain Genital pain Urinary urgency Urinary frequency

Flank pain

Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when providing care to a patient who is diagnosed with kidney cancer? Select all that apply. Dyspnea Flank pain Hematuria Weight gain Chronic cough

Flank pain Hematuria

The Pap smear reports of a 23-year-old female patient indicates the presence of atypical cells. Which diagnostic testing would be beneficial in the patient? Pap smear test and human papilloma virus (HPV) test Pap smear test every 3 years Human papilloma virus test (HPV) test Pap smear test and human papilloma virus (HPV) test every 5 years

Human papilloma virus test (HPV) test

Which drug is used to treat mixed urge and stress incontinence? Ditropan Doxazosin Imipramine Topical estrogen

Imipramine

A patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia is diagnosed with bladder damage from the outlet obstruction and asks the nurse why that occurred. Which could be the cause for the bladder damage? Urinary stasis Painful urination Mineral deposits in the bladder Incomplete emptying of bladder

Incomplete emptying of bladder

A patient with dysmenorrhea is receiving treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs). During a follow-up visit after 6 months, the patient still complains of menstrual abdominal cramps. Which test should the primary healthcare provider recommend for this patient? Laparoscopy Pelvic ultrasound Color Doppler studies Surgical dilation and curettage

Laparoscopy

A patient with advanced pancreatic cancer asks the nurse about common metastatic sites. What locations should the nurse include? Select all that apply. Liver Lungs Rectum Omentum Peritoneum

Liver Lungs Peritoneum

Which procedure involves the removal of breast tissue in patients with breast cancer? Colposcopy Laparoscopy Mastectomy Hysterectomy

Mastectomy

The primary healthcare provider is reviewing the medical reports of four patients who present with a tumor. Which patient can be treated with hormonal therapy alone? Patient 1 - 62, 1.5, no nodes Patient 2 - 43, 2 cm, no nodes Patient 3 - 39, 1.25 cm, no nodes Patient 4 - 22, 1 cm, no nodes all premenopausal should be offer chemo

Patient 1 - 62, 1.5, no nodes

The nurse is caring for these 4 patients. Each is experiencing a different adverse effect from the antineoplastic medication they are receiving. Identify which nursing action is inappropriate. Patient A - Myelosuppression = hand washing Patient B - Oral Mucositis = oral rinse Q 2 hrs Patient C - Diarrhea = skin wipes w/each bowel movement Patient D - Peripheral Neuropathy = ambulate in hallway

Patient D - Peripheral Neuropathy = ambulate in hallway (Fall Risk)

A 45-year-old male patient has undergone surgery for invasive bladder cancer. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate to clear blood clots from the bladder postsurgery? Perform intravesical immunotherapy . Perform continuous bladder irrigation. Record accurate bladder intake and output. Administer intravesical chemotherapy medications.

Perform continuous bladder irrigation.

Which medication is used to decrease discomfort in a patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI)? Doxazosin Ciprofloxacin Phenazopyridium Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Phenazopyridium

Which are the immediate postoperative side effects of breast cancer surgery related to immobility? Select all that apply. Pneumonia Dehiscence Lymphedema Shoulder immobility Pulmonary embolism

Pneumonia Pulmonary embolism

A client is diagnosed with hydronephrosis due to obstructive kidney stones. The nurse should assess for which electrolyte imbalance that might lead to cardiac dysrhythmia? Potassium Calcium Magnesium Sodium

Potassium

What is a nurse's best self-care action when feeling a sense of loss at the thought of the impending death of a patient in palliative care? Inform the family members of the patient that he or she is in the last stage of life. Encourage the family to bring in the patient's favorite music and personal items. Invite family to care for the patient as they feel comfortable. Practice mind/body therapies like yoga, meditation, and/or prayer.

Practice mind/body therapies like yoga, meditation, and/or prayer.

The nurse is presenting at a conference on men's health about prostate cancer. What information should the nurse include? Select all that apply. Prostate cancer may run in families. Prostate cancer progresses very rapidly. Metastasized prostate cancer may be curable. Prostate cancer generally occurs in older males. Symptoms appear immediately after the formation of tumors.

Prostate cancer may run in families. Metastasized prostate cancer may be curable. Prostate cancer generally occurs in older males.

A client with benign prostatic hyperplasia is not responding to medications and is a high risk for surgery due to a bleeding disorder. Which procedure is the best option for him? Transurethral resection of the prostate Open prostatectomy Laser surgery Prostatic stents

Prostatic stents

A patient with a urinary tract infection also has a history of incontinence. The provider orders a cystourethrogram, which notes the presence of the backflow of urine. Which treatment strategy is most likely to benefit the patient? Administer antispasmodics. Advise to administer a pessary. Advise to perform Kegel exercises. Provide clean intermittent catheterization

Provide clean intermittent catheterization

A patient reports the presence of a knot in the right breast and the diagnostic report reveals the presence of a 4 cm tumor with no lymph node involvement. Which cancer stage is suspected in the patient based on the diagnostic report? Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV

Stage II

A patient reports pain and the presence of a lump in the left breast. If the diagnostic test reveals the presence of a 2-cm tumor, a sentinel node biopsy may be indicated. Which cancer stage is most likely predicted in the patient based on the diagnostic report? Stage I Stage IIA Stage IIB Stage IIIA

Stage IIA

Which stage of cancer can a nurse expect in a patient suffering from prostate cancer after further tests reveal a secondary tumor in the rectum? Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV

Stage IV

A perimenopausal female patient reports urine leakage while laughing and coughing. Which medication is most likely to benefit the patient? Trospium Oxybutynin Darifenacin Systemic estrogen

Systemic estrogen

Which stage of testicular cancer invades blood vessels that supply the testicles? T1 T2 T3 T4

T4

Which medication helps in reducing the recurrence of breast cancer for a patient undergoing breast conservation therapy? Paclitaxel Tamoxifen 5-fluorouracil Cyclophosphamide

Tamoxifen

The nurse is working with a client who has been diagnosed with endometriosis. Which statement would indicate that additional teaching is needed? Pain is located in surrounding tissues. Inflammation is located in surrounding tissues. The problem is due to endometrial tissue growth within the uterus. It is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea.

The problem is due to endometrial tissue growth within the uterus.

In terms of age as a risk factor for development of breast cancer, which age group would be at increased risk for developing this type of cancer? Women in the perimenopausal period between ages of 35 and 45 Women between the ages of 80 and 85 Women between the ages of 20 and 30 Females who have just gone through menopause, between the ages of 51 and 55

Women between the ages of 80 and 85

A patient is admitted to the palliative care unit after undergoing multiple bowel resection surgeries. The patient tells the nurse, "I wish to speak to a priest as my soul needs cleansing." Which statement made by the nurse in answer to the patient's request needs correction? "I will engage the services of the priest from the local church." "A priest does not provide scientific solutions to health problems." "What kind of priest would you like to consult with?" "Please share your spiritual distress with me. Maybe I will be able to help."

"A priest does not provide scientific solutions to health problems."

The nurse is teaching about a patient who has undergone breast surgery. Which statements indicate effective understanding? Select all that apply. "I will observe for redness, bleeding, and odor." "I will teach the patient about breast self-examination." "I will be judgmental to help create a relaxed environment." "I will avoid administering pain medications because they may cause ulcers." "I will discuss dressing changes and antiseptic cleaning techniques with the patient."

"I will observe for redness, bleeding, and odor." "I will teach the patient about breast self-examination." "I will discuss dressing changes and antiseptic cleaning techniques with the patient."

A nurse is attending to the caregivers of a patient in the palliative care unit who has just died. The nurse notes that the patient belongs to a different culture than he or she. Which statements made by the nurse conform to the appropriate method of communicating with the patient's caregivers? Select all that apply. "Please tell me about your funeral practices." "Would you like to share anything about the process of grieving in your community?" "Tell me about the way in which suffering is dealt with in your community." "Please share the dietary preferences of your community." "Would you like to talk about the health-care practices followed by your community?"

"Please tell me about your funeral practices." "Would you like to share anything about the process of grieving in your community?" "Tell me about the way in which suffering is dealt with in your community."

A patient is undergoing treatment for stress incontinence. Which instruction provided by the nurse is most appropriate to manage this condition? "Avoid coffee and cigarettes." "Use diapers while traveling." "Practice pelvic floor exercises regularly." "Avoid taking large amount of fluids at once."

"Practice pelvic floor exercises regularly."

The nurse is teaching a group of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia about different surgical management procedures. Which statement by the nurse indicates effective teaching? "Open prostatectomies may be used for men taking anticoagulants." "Transurethral microwave therapy causes shrinkage of the prostate gland." "Prostatic stents can be used for the long-term treatment." "A transurethral incision of the prostate involves the removal of the entire outer layer of the prostate."

"Transurethral microwave therapy causes shrinkage of the prostate gland."

The nurse is caring for a patient who underwent a mastectomy. Which findings in the patient are signs of infection? Decreased pulse rate Increased temperature Increased body weight Decreased blood pressure

Increased temperature

Which patient conditions indicate a need for radiation therapy? Select all that apply. A patient with tumors 1 cm in size A patient with stage I cancer with two positive nodes A patient who underwent a mastectomy and has five lymph nodes that test positive A postmenopausal patient with a 1.5 cm tumor and without involvement of nodes A patient is who is undergoing breast conservation therapy

A patient who underwent a mastectomy and has five lymph nodes that test positive A patient is who is undergoing breast conservation therapy

A patient is diagnosed with urolithiasis. Which treatment strategies are most likely to aid in the removal or prevention of small stones passing during urination? Select all that apply. Ureteroscopy Alpha-adrenergic blockers Narcotics and antiemetics Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Alpha-adrenergic blockers Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

The client is experiencing a tracheobronchial obstruction from radiation to the thyroid gland. What assessment change is most concerning? Absence of breath sounds Painful swallowing Hyperkalemia Dependent edema

Absence of breath sounds

The primary health-care provider is explaining to the nurse that intracavernosal injection is contraindicated in a patient with erectile dysfunction. Which medication in the prescription of the patient would the nurse suspect to be the reason for contraindication of the intracavernosal injection? Nitrates Alpha blockers Anticoagulants 5-alpha-reductase-inhibitors

Anticoagulants

The nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia about potential complications of a transurethral resection of the prostate. What should the nurse include in the education session? Select all that apply. Bleeding in the bladder Urinary infection Bladder stones Kidney damage Impotence

Bleeding in the bladder Urinary infection

What is the reported action of aromatase inhibitors that are used to treat clinical endometriosis? Block synthesis of estrogen locally Increase hormonal levels Stimulate neural pathways Decrease perfusion to the affected area

Block synthesis of estrogen locally

When teaching a client about irritants that may aggravate urinary incontinence, the nurse should include which substances? Select all that apply. Caffeine Alcohol Gluten Acidic foods Carbonated beverages

Caffeine Alcohol Acidic foods Carbonated beverages

Which procedures can be performed transurethrally? Select all that apply. Open prostatectomy Laser surgery Transurethral microwave therapy Transurethral needle ablation Prostatic stents

Laser surgery Transurethral microwave therapy Transurethral needle ablation Prostatic stents

Which symptoms in a patient indicate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to the primary health-care provider? Select all that apply. Dribbling once urination is complete Frequent nocturia Erectile dysfunction Swelling and hardness in the scrotum Multiple interruptions during urination

Dribbling once urination is complete Frequent nocturia Multiple interruptions during urination

The nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone a surgical procedure for breast cancer. Which actions made by the nurse are most useful in the prevention of atelectasis? Encouraging verbalization by the patient of any concerns Administering antiemetics to the patient Monitoring the metabolic profile of the patient Encouraging the patient to cough and breathe deeply

Encouraging the patient to cough and breathe deeply

An older male adult with a history of kidney stones presents to the emergency department with a family member. Which finding in the assessment would most likely alert the nurse to the possibility of a urinary tract infection while waiting on urinalysis results? Family member states client is confused History of benign prostatic hypertrophy Takes alpha-adrenergic blocker daily Voids 100 mL straw-colored urine

Family member states client is confused

The nurse is teaching about the care to be provided to the patient who is diagnosed with cancer and is undergoing chemotherapy. Which actions indicate effective understanding? Select all that apply. Helping the patient to develop a nutritional plan Educating the patient about the treatment regimen Advising the patient to avoid pain medications because they may cause ulcers Advising the patient to take antiemetics if he or she experiences nausea or vomiting Discouraging the patient from discussing his or her condition with others

Helping the patient to develop a nutritional plan Educating the patient about the treatment regimen Advising the patient to take antiemetics if he or she experiences nausea or vomiting

*The nurse monitors fluid overload in a patient with cancer-associated syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which condition is the nurse aiming to prevent in this intervention? Dyspnea Heart block Leukostasis

Hypertension

A client tells the nurse that she has breast cancer with metastasis. Based on this disclosure, how would the nurse document the client's cancer staging? I II III IV

IV

If diagnostic imaging and biopsy show that breast cancer has extended into the chest wall, how would this be staged? I II III IV

IV

Which associated complications could occur in a client who has endometriosis? Select all that apply. Infertility Painful sex Excessive bleeding in between menses Deep vein thrombosis Nerve pain

Infertility Painful sex

A patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia is on treatment with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. Which action of the nurse is most beneficial to the patient? Suggesting the patient perform only light activities Suggesting the patient increase fluid intake in the evening Informing the patient that erectile dysfunction may occur during the therapy Ensuring the patient that over-the-counter drugs can be safely coadministered

Informing the patient that erectile dysfunction may occur during the therapy

Which finding is consistent with a clinical diagnosis of in situ breast cancer? Localized Often leads to metastasis, especially if lobular Associated with poor prognosis Does not require surgical intervention

Localized

Which is a common site for metastasis that the nurse should include in the plan of care for a patient who is diagnosed with thyroid cancer? Lung Liver Bladder Rectum

Lung

Which patient is most likely to be prescribed midazolam? Patient A - early stage, dry secretions, withdrawing Patient B - middle stage, low BP, confused Patient C - late stage, resp distress, pulse ox 88% Patient D - middle stage, hallucinations & delusions

Patient D - middle stage, hallucinations & delusions

Which is true regarding stress-reducing strategies that nurses can implement when providing end-of-life care to patients? Select all that apply. Perform postmortem care as a team. Refrain from discussing concerns with nursing colleagues when involved in stressful care situations. Pause for a moment of silence during the monthly staff meeting to remember those who have died on the ward. Refrain from sending a bereavement card to the family member. Take part in any employer-provided counseling services.

Perform postmortem care as a team. Pause for a moment of silence during the monthly staff meeting to remember those who have died on the ward. Take part in any employer-provided counseling services.

What is the priority teaching point when the nurse is discussing narcotic analgesic side effects with a client diagnosed with kidney stones? Lightheadedness Nausea and vomiting Respiratory depression Constipation

Respiratory depression

A patient with breast cancer is undergoing radiation therapy. During the follow-up visit, the patient reports anorexia to the nurse. What laboratory result should the nurse evaluate? Red blood cell count Serum albumin level Liver enzymes Pancreatic enzymes

Serum albumin level low protein and albumin levels are a result of poor nutrition

Which patient's condition can be treated with artificial urinary sphincter surgery? Total incontinence Stress incontinence Reflex incontinence Instability incontinence

Stress incontinence

A patient with lung cancer is prescribed a chemotherapeutic agent that is known to cause alopecia. Which nursing action can be beneficial to help promote the self-esteem of this patient? Suggesting the patient use a wig or hat and wear it once hair loss begins. Encouraging the patient to limit social contacts until hair regrowth occurs. Instructing the patient to wash his or her hair gently and comb gently to minimize hair loss. Informing the patient that hair loss will not be permanent and that the hair will grow back.

Suggesting the patient use a wig or hat and wear it once hair loss begins.

A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving palliative care after having an unsuccessful hernia surgery. What immediate course of action should the nurse take to manage hyperactive delirium in the patient? The nurse should request that the primary health-care provider prescribe anticholinergic medications. The nurse should request that the primary health-care provider prescribe benzodiazepines. The nurse should elevate the head of the bed and administer opiates after getting approval from the primary health-care provider. The nurse should perform a sternal rub on the patient after consulting with the nursing supervisor.

The nurse should request that the primary health-care provider prescribe benzodiazepines.

The patient is undergoing this procedure to rule out lung cancer. *Bronchoscopy* What is the purpose of this? To determine oxygenation levels and provide ventilation To take tissue samples and bronchial washings To clear excess secretions from the lungs To view the alveoli of the lungs for tumors

To take tissue samples and bronchial washings

Which women are at the lowest risk for breast cancer? Women who have not become pregnant before 30 years of age Women who had early menarche Women with a high number of ovulatory cycles Women whose pregnancy resulted in live childbirth

Women whose pregnancy resulted in live childbirth

A teen asks the nurse, "Is a shot for cancer?" How should the nurse reply? "Yes, there is an immunization that prevents the virus that causes bladder cancer." "Yes, there is an immunization that prevents the virus that causes esophageal cancer." "Yes, there is an immunization that prevents the virus that causes gastric cancer." Yes, there is an immunization that prevents the virus that causes cervical cancer."

Yes, there is an immunization that prevents the virus that causes cervical cancer." (HPV)

The nurse is reinforcing the teaching of the primary health-care provider to the patient who had a scrotal injury. Which response given by the patient indicates the need for further teaching? "I must keep the area clean and dry." "I must gently apply an ice pack on the scrotal skin." "I must report if nausea and vomiting are present." "I must use folded towels to elevate the scrotum."

"I must gently apply an ice pack on the scrotal skin."

A patient is diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and has minimal symptoms. The primary health-care provider recommends active surveillance of the patient. What should the nurse include with discharge teaching? Select all that apply. "I should advise the patient to avoid sedatives." "I should advise the patient to avoid all over-the-counter (OTC) medications." "I should advise the patient to visit the provider yearly." "I should advise the patient to increase fluid intake until bed time." "I should advise the patient to avoid consumption of selenium-rich foods."

"I should advise the patient to avoid sedatives." "I should advise the patient to visit the provider yearly."

The nurse is providing instructions to a patient with blunt testicular trauma while playing baseball. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching? "I should take my pain medications as ordered." "I should use folded towels to elevate my scrotum." "I should get adequate rest for early recovery." "I should apply ice directly to the skin of the scrotum."

"I should apply ice directly to the skin of the scrotum."

A patient was diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and the primary health-care provider decides that watchful waiting is appropriate. Which statement made by the patient requires further teaching? "I should receive yearly examinations." "I should avoid over-the-counter drugs." "I should drink lots of fluids in the evening." "I should return to the clinic if I have symptoms."

"I should drink lots of fluids in the evening."

A nurse is educating patients about cancer prevention. Which cancer prevention measure stated by one of the patients indicates a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. "I should include 150 minutes of vigorous activity per week." "I should ensure that as a woman I do not consume more than two drinks per day." "I should avoid exposure to known carcinogens such as tobacco." "I should try to maintain a healthy weight." "I should eat a starch-based diet to stay healthy."

"I should include 150 minutes of vigorous activity per week." "I should ensure that as a woman I do not consume more than two drinks per day." "I should eat a starch-based diet to stay healthy."

The nurse is teaching the family members of a dying patient about how to support their family member. Which statement made by the family members indicates a need for further teaching? "I should participate in care." "I can help the patient with bed baths." "I should maintain communication to know the status of the patient." "I should provide pain medication to ensure effective pain management."

"I should provide pain medication to ensure effective pain management."

After undergoing an unsuccessful open-heart surgery, a patient is admitted into the hospice care unit. The nurse notices that the patient's partner appears anxious and nervous. Which statement is most appropriate for the nurse to use to provide comfort to the partner? "It is good that your partner is not on the life support system. Otherwise it could have been really bad." "Do not worry; your partner will be fine." "I understand that you are worried about your partner, do you have any questions that I can help answer?" "Pray to God so that your partner can get well soon."

"I understand that you are worried about your partner, do you have any questions that I can help answer?"

A registered nurse is teaching a patient about palliative care (PC). Which information about PC stated by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? "It focuses on relief of pain and stress associated with a severe illness." "It is provided in hospital, outpatient, and community settings." "It focuses on the care of terminally ill patients with less than 6 months to live." "It is given simultaneously with curative treatment that meets the patient's goals."

"It focuses on the care of terminally ill patients with less than 6 months to live."

Which statement made by a patient is an example of "Cultural Aspects of Care" domain of palliative care? Select all that apply. "I am anxious because I don't know what will happen to my family after my death." "Our community does not believe in blood transfusion." "I am suffering because God is angry with me." "Please do not include nonvegetarian items in my diet as it is against my tradition." "In our community, we do not burden children with medical information."

"Our community does not believe in blood transfusion." "Please do not include nonvegetarian items in my diet as it is against my tradition." "In our community, we do not burden children with medical information."

The nurse is teaching a nursing student the medication therapy of menopausal symptoms. Which statement made by the nursing student indicates a need for further learning? "Estrogen therapy is most effective for treating the symptoms." "Black cohosh is the most commonly used herbal treatment for menopausal symptoms." "Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are prescribed for patients who choose not to take estrogen therapy." "Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed for patients on tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer."

"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed for patients on tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer."

The nurse is caring for a patient with stage II cancer who asks, "What does stage II cancer mean?" How should the nurse reply? "Stage II cancer includes large or locally invasive tumors." "Stage II cancer includes cancers that have metastasized." "Stage II cancer is more localized and contained." "Stage II cancer involves invasion of deeper tissues or local lymph nodes."

"Stage II cancer involves invasion of deeper tissues or local lymph nodes."

A patient is admitted to the palliative care unit after having an unsuccessful kidney transplant surgery. The nurse in charge is educating the caregivers about appropriate symptom management. Which statement made by the nurse is accurate? "Administer prescribed anticholinergic medication in case the patient complains of pain." "Elevate the head of the bed if you note signs such as facial grimacing and restlessness." "Surround the patient with familiar sights, sounds, and smells, in case delirium occurs." "Administer benzodiazepines to the patient immediately, if delirium occurs."

"Surround the patient with familiar sights, sounds, and smells, in case delirium occurs."

The nurse is talking with a patient who says his friend has a procedure where hot water is used for causing coagulation necrosis of the prostate tissue. The patient says, "That's just crazy, I don't believe him." How should the nurse respond? "It sounds like your friend is talking about an open prostatectomy." "A transurethral needle ablation includes the use of hot water." "That would be water-induced thermotherapy (WIT)." "Yes, that's a transurethral ethanol ablation of the prostate (TEAP)."

"That would be water-induced thermotherapy (WIT)."

The nurse is caring for a patient with severe menopausal symptoms. Which reports are documented by the nurse if the condition is treated effectively? Select all that apply. "The patient has relief from hot flashes." "The patient has a normal blood pressure." "The patient has stable weight maintenance." "The patient has a normal urinating schedule." "The patient has normal pelvic pressure."

"The patient has relief from hot flashes." "The patient has a normal blood pressure." "The patient has stable weight maintenance."

Which client should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk for developing cancer? A client diagnosed with influenza A client pregnant with her first child A client who tests positive for sickle cell anemia A client who tests positive for human papillomavirus virus

A client who tests positive for human papillomavirus virus

A male client diagnosed with kidney stones is unable to void. What procedure should the nurse anticipate next? Nephrostomy tube placement Percutaneous nephrolithotomy Foley catheter insertion Renal ultrasound imaging

Foley catheter insertion

A patient reports multiple interruptions during urination and dribbling after urination. A digital rectal exam reveals an enlarged prostate and the prostate-specific androgen levels were found to be elevated. Which therapy is indicated for an early improvement of symptoms? Alprostadil Alpha-adrenergic blockers Sildenafil Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

Alpha-adrenergic blockers

The primary health-care provider is talking with the nursing student about the causes of bladder stones. Which symptoms does the nurse expect to be related to bladder stones? Select all that apply. Blood in the urine Mineral deposits Obstructed urine flow Stretching of bladder muscles Decreased bladder contraction

Blood in the urine Mineral deposits Obstructed urine flow

To prevent the potential complication of bone loss associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and aromatase inhibitors, what would the nurse expect the healthcare provider to order? Calcium and vitamin D supplementation B-complex vitamin Multivitamin B12 injections

Calcium and vitamin D supplementation

Which are warning signs of cancer? Select all that apply. Oral mucositis Alopecia Change in bowel habits Nagging cough or hoarseness Obvious change in a wart or mole

Change in bowel habits Nagging cough or hoarseness Obvious change in a wart or mole

A patient with breast cancer who is undergoing radiation therapy is diagnosed with skin radiodermatitis. Which action will be most beneficial for this patient? Cleaning the area with mild pH-neutral soaps Drying the area under direct sunlight after cleansing Applying lotions, powders, or ointments to the infected area Applying calendula or hyaluronic acid cream to the infected area

Cleaning the area with mild pH-neutral soaps

The nurse inquires about the patient's funeral and burial preferences while caring for the patient in hospice care. Which palliative-care domain explains this situation? Social aspects Cultural aspects of care Care of the imminently dying Spiritual, religious, and existential aspects of care

Cultural aspects of care

Risk factors associated with the development of breast cancer include which of the following? Select all that apply. Culture Advanced age Women who have had a lower number of ovulatory cycles Women who have never been pregnant Women who had late onset of menarche and early menopause

Culture Advanced age Women who have never been pregnant Women who had late onset of menarche and early menopause African American under age 50 Benign Proliferative Breast Disease Higher # ovarian cycles

A patient reports abdominal pain and vomiting during menses. The nurse finds that the patient takes high levels of omega-6 fatty acids. Which nonpharmacological therapy would be beneficial to the patient? Use of vaginal rings Use of an intrauterine device Decreased physical activity Diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids

Diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids

A patient reports frequent and urgent urination. Upon palpation, an enlarged prostate is observed. Which test should be performed to confirm benign prostatic hyperplasia? Urinalysis Digital rectal exam Alpha-fetoprotein levels Prostate-specific androgen (PSA) levels

Digital rectal exam

A nurse is caring for the family of a patient receiving palliative care. Which points should the nurse remember while consoling the family of the patient? Select all that apply. Refrain from informing the family that the patient is in the final stage of life. Encourage the family members to talk with the patient over the phone, if they are unable to make it to the health-care unit. Evaluate the family's understanding of the patient's diagnosis and end-of-life care. Refrain from involving the family in the daily activities of the patient. Suggest the family bring in the patient's favorite music, quilts, and family pictures.

Encourage the family members to talk with the patient over the phone, if they are unable to make it to the health-care unit. Evaluate the family's understanding of the patient's diagnosis and end-of-life care. Suggest the family bring in the patient's favorite music, quilts, and family pictures.

A client with severe endometriosis is to undergo surgical intervention. Which surgery is the client most likely to have? Laparotomy Dilation and curettage Seed implant Endometrial biopsy

Endometrial biopsy

Which condition may occur due to deficiency of 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2? Fibroids Menopause Ovarian cancer Endometriosis

Endometriosis

A 25-year-old female patient reports severe abdominal cramping along with headache and vomiting during menses. Which treatments would be beneficial for the patient if she wishes to get pregnant in the future? Select all that apply. Heat therapy Intrauterine devices Oral contraceptive pills Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist therapy (GnRH agonist)

Heat therapy Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Which warning signs are a part of the CAUTION list of symptoms? Select all that apply. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing. A persistent sore that does not heal. An infection that takes multiple rounds of antibiotics. A change in a wart or mole that are obvious. Hoarseness or nagging cough.

Indigestion or difficulty swallowing. A persistent sore that does not heal. A change in a wart or mole that are obvious. Hoarseness or nagging cough.

A patient visits the primary health-care provider because of painful urination. The digital exam shows the image provided. *enlarged prostate* Which medication is most likely to be prescribed? Tadalafil Sildenafil Indoramin Alprostadil

Indoramin

A patient diagnosed with erectile dysfunction is considering treatment options. Which nursing interventions are beneficial to the patient? Select all that apply. Instruct the patient regarding medication administration. Assess for cardiovascular disease and testosterone levels. Assess the patient for unstable emotions and performance anxiety. Assure the patient that priapism is not an emergency but a temporary condition. Be judgmental toward the patient's psychiatric issues and medication administration.

Instruct the patient regarding medication administration. Assess for cardiovascular disease and testosterone levels. Assess the patient for unstable emotions and performance anxiety.

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient who will be receiving radiation for cancer treatment. Which nursing interventions will be most beneficial for the patient? Select all that apply. Instruct the patient not to void before abdominal radiation. Suggest that the patient wash exposed skin and apply scented moisturizers. Instruct the patient to practice relaxation techniques. Instruct the patient to avoid washing off treatment ink tattoos. Encourage the patient to change position according to his or her comfort during treatment.

Instruct the patient to practice relaxation techniques. Instruct the patient to avoid washing off treatment ink tattoos.

What is true regarding bowel obstruction in a patient with colon cancer? It can happen due to masses in bowel lumen. It can happen due to internal compression. It can happen due to excess antidiuretic hormone. It can happen due to excessive immature white blood cells.

It can happen due to masses in bowel lumen.

Which is true regarding aspects of a well-managed death of a patient in the end stages of life? Select all that apply. It includes clear communication about decisions made only by the primary health-care provider. It includes adequate preparation for death for both the patient and loved ones. It includes appropriate pain and symptom management. It includes avoiding a prolonged dying process. It includes reminding the patient about all the bad things that he or she has done in a lifetime, and not affirming him/her as a worthy person.

It includes adequate preparation for death for both the patient and loved ones. It includes appropriate pain and symptom management. It includes avoiding a prolonged dying process.

A client is told that her breast cancer requires removal of the mass and will conserve as much breast tissue as possible. Based on this information, what type of surgical consent would be required? Radical mastectomy Modified radical mastectomy Removal of adhesions Lumpectomy

Lumpectomy

A patient is told they have metastatic cancer and does not understand what that means. Which statements are true pertaining to this? Select all that apply. Metastasis is the propensity for tumors to spread. Metastasis is the defining characteristic of stage IV cancer. Metastasis leads to stage I cancer. Metastasis leads to the growth of primary tumors. Metastasis can either take place by cell-to-cell transfer or through blood.

Metastasis is the propensity for tumors to spread. Metastasis is the defining characteristic of stage IV cancer. Metastasis can either take place by cell-to-cell transfer or through blood.

*A nurse is teaching about carcinogens. Which example indicates a need for further teaching? Human papilloma virus Tobacco Sun exposure Nonionizing radiation

Nonionizing radiation

Which should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient who is prescribed external beam radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer? Restricting visitation Not washing off treatment ink tattoos Pre-medicating with diphenhydramine Maintaining intravenous access throughout treatment

Not washing off treatment ink tattoos

A patient is diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and failed to respond to alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers. The laboratory reports of the patient revealed that there are bladder stones of 2.5 cm. Which surgical procedure would the nurse expect to be beneficial for the patient? Laser surgery Open prostatectomy Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Open prostatectomy

A client presents to the clinic with new onset urinary incontinence. While determining treatment options, which of the following is priority? Making sure the client gets to the bathroom Educating about the increasing incidence of incontinence with age Preventing skin breakdown and controlling odor Educating about pelvic floor exercises

Preventing skin breakdown and controlling odor

Which describes the action of antispasmodics in treating urinary incontinence? Select all that apply. Promote urethral relaxation Promote bladder relaxation Restore moisture of the urethra Promote the action of anticholinergics Block impulses from the parasympathetic nervous system

Promote bladder relaxation Block impulses from the parasympathetic nervous system

A patient with urge incontinence is treated with high doses of antispasmodics. Which action of the nurse is beneficial to the patient? Administer pessaries. Advise the patient to perform reflex voiding. Provide intermittent catheterization. Instruct the patient to avoid fluid intake 1 hour before sleep.

Provide intermittent catheterization.

A patient with a surgical history for prostate cancer reports erectile dysfunction. A diagnosis confirms that the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles were previously removed. Which surgical treatment has the patient likely undergone? Open prostatectomy Radical prostatectomy Open retropubic technique Transurethral needle ablation

Radical prostatectomy

Which surgical treatment is advisable for a female patient with cervical cancer who wants to retain her fertility? Omentectomy Surgical debulking Radical trachelectomy Radical hysterectomy

Radical trachelectomy

Which symptom is common with the cancer complication of pericardial effusion? Leukostasis Respiratory distress Hypercalcemia Bowel obstruction

Respiratory distress

Which is the characteristic of stage I breast cancer? The tumor is 2 cm or less with no lymph node spread and no distant metastasis. The tumor is 2 cm or less with spread to mobile axillary lymph nodes and no distant metastasis. The tumor is 2 cm or less with spread to fixed axillary lymph nodes and no distant metastasis, The tumor is more than 2 cm but less than 5 cm with spread to mobile axillary lymph nodes and no distant metastasis.

The tumor is 2 cm or less with spread to mobile axillary lymph nodes and no distant metastasis.

The nurse is preparing to teach a client about interventions to help with functional incontinence. Which intervention should be included in the teaching? Timed toileting Take alpha adrenergic medication Clean intermittent catheterization Fluid restriction

Timed toileting

Which surgical option is beneficial for a patient with a medium size prostate who has benign prostatic hyperplasia? Laser surgery Open prostatectomy Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP)

A patient dies postsurgery due to cardiac failure. What step should the nurse adhere to when providing postmortem care? Remove any tubes and catheters from the body before the autopsy is performed. Treat the body with respect, and incorporate any applicable religious or cultural practices. Refrain from including other nursing staff in the process. Refrain from removing any tubes and cleaning soiled areas of the body, if an autopsy is not required.

Treat the body with respect, and incorporate any applicable religious or cultural practices.

The nurse assesses the laboratory reports of a patient and suspects that the patient is in the IC stage of uterine cancer. Which assessment finding supports the nurse's suspicion? Tumor invading the serosa Tumor limited to endometrium Tumor invading 55% of the myometrium Tumor involving the corpus and the cervix

Tumor invading 55% of the myometrium

A pregnant female is assessed for suspected kidney stones. The nurse should prepare the client for which diagnostic test? Computed tomography scan Magnetic resonance imaging Kidneys-ureters-bladder plain film Ultrasound

Ultrasound

Which diagnostic test is most appropriate to determine the presence of urinary incontinence in pregnant women? Ultrasound testing Intravenous pyelogram Voiding cystourethrogram Kidney ureter bladder X-rays

Ultrasound testing

A pregnant patient with calculi in the lower ureter is prescribed tamsulosin for 6 weeks. During a follow-up visit, the patient reports severe intermittent genital pain and vomiting. The laboratory reports reveal that the pain is related to the stones. Which intervention is most likely to benefit the patient? Ureteroscopy Narcotics and antiemetics Other alpha-adrenergic blockers Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Ureteroscopy

A patient reports frequency in urination leading to awakening at night, a weak stream of urine, and a feeling that the bladder has not completely emptied. Which diagnostic tests are beneficial to confirm the condition? Select all that apply. Urinalysis Ultrasound of the abdomen Digital rectal exam Magnetic resonance imaging Prostate specific androgen (PSA) levels

Urinalysis Digital rectal exam

The nurse is caring for a patient who is diagnosed with prostate cancer as evidenced with this image. Which patient symptom will the nurse suspect? Urinary incontinence Weak urinary stream Urinary tract infections Incomplete emptying of the bladder

Urinary incontinence

A neighbor asks a nurse if he might have an enlarged prostate gland. Which symptoms are consistent with these suspicions? Select all that apply. Urinating several times at night A weak stream of urine Difficulty starting the flow of urine Premature ejaculation Dribbling after urinating

Urinating several times at night A weak stream of urine Difficulty starting the flow of urine Dribbling after urinating