Med Term Ch 3 Part 2

fracture

Fx

scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

chondromalacia

abnormal softening of cartilage

Ewing's sarcoma

affect children; in diaphysis/shaft of long bone

spondylosis

any degenerative condition of the vertebrae

embolus

any foreign matter in blood that may block a blood vessel

ostealgia

any pain linked to an abnormal condition within a bone

rheumatoid arthritis

autoimmune disorder; synovial membranes thicken and swell/inflame; joints become swollen, painful, and immobile

exotosis

benign growth of the surface of a bone

closed/simple/complete

bone broken but no open wound on skin

hallux vagus

bunion; abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe; creates pressure on other toes

Rickets

calcium and vitamin D deficiencies in early childhood; leads to demineralized bones and related deformities

chondropathy

cartilage disease

manipulation

closed reduction; attempted realignment of bone involved in a fracture or luxation; use manually applied forces then immobolized

talipes

clubfoot; congenital deformity in which the foot may be turned outward or inward

open fracture

compound fracture; bone is broken; open skin wound

spina bifida

congenital defect; early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close around the spinal cord

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

control pain; reduce inflammation and swelling; aspirin; may thin out blood; attack stomach lining

acetaminophen

controls pain without the side effects of NSAID's; do not reduce inflammation and swelling

crepitation

crackling sensation felt and heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

comminuted

crushed

osteonecrosis

death of bone tissue caused by insufficient blood supply, infection, malignancy, or trauma

podiatrist

diagnose and treaet disorders of the foot

luxation

dislocation; displacement of bone from joint

ankylosing spondylitis

form of rheumatoid arthritis characterized by progressive stiffening of the spine caused by the fusion of vertebral bodies

Colles'; fracture

fractured wrist at end of radius; try to break fall with hand

arthrodesis

fusion of bones; surgical anklyosis; surgical procedure to stiffen a joint or to join spinal vertebrae

COX-2 inhibitors

greatly reduce the side-effects of NSAID's that control pain and swelling of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis; cydoxygenase enzymes

kyphosis

humpback; outward curvature of thoracic vertebrae increases

greenstick

incomplete; bone only partially bent/broken; kids

lordosis

increase in forward curvature of the lumbar vertebrae

osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

peritonitis

inflammation of the periosteum

fat embolus

long bone/diaphysis fractured and the fat cells from yellow bone marrow go into the blood

lumbago

lower back pain

spondylolisthesis

lumbar vertebra push forward and down on sacrum

myeloma

malignant tumor from blood-forming tissues of bone marrow; progressive; may cause pathological fractures; fatal

sarcoma

malignant tumor of connective tissue

osteochondroma

most common benign bone tumor with a cap of cartilage

internal fixation

open reduction internal fixation (ORIF); pins or plates go directly on bone; not removed after Fx heals

Paget's disease

osteoitis deformans; unknown cause; extensive bone destruction followed by abnormal bone repair; bones weak and easily breakable/bendable

subluxation

partical displacement of bone from joint

traction

pull limb in a distal direction to return the bone or joint back to normal alignment

antipyretic

reduce or relieve fever; aspirin, acetaminophen

external fixation

remove appliance after healing; go through soft tissue and bone to place pins so the appliance can hold

herniated disk

ruptured disk; rupture of intervertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots

immobilization

stabilization; suturing or wiring bone together in a fixed position with a strap or cast

osteoclasis

surgical fracture of bone to correct a deformity

arthrotomy

surgical removal of a joint

laminectomy

surgical removal of lamina from vertebra

cranioplasty

surgical repair of skull

Doctor of Osteopathy

use manipulation and traditional form of medical treatment

autologous transplant

use patient's own bone marrow in a BMT

compression fracture

vertebral crush fractures; results in dowager's hump

osteoarthritis

wear and tear arthritis; OA; bone degenerative joint disease (DJD); commonly associated with aging