Med Terms - Chapter 11
improper closure of the mitral valve
MVP (mitral valve prolapse)
blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs
PAD (peripheral arterial disease)
largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body
artery
cyan/o
blue
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
endocarditis
inner lining of the heart
endocardium
innermost lining of the blood vessels
endothelium
abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves
murmur
extra heart sound, heard between normal beats
murmur
ox/o
oxygen
sphygm/o
pulse
instrument to measure blood pressure
sphgmomanometer
ather/o
yellowish plaque, fatty substance
antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin II, causing blood vessels to dilate. it prevents heart attacks, CHF, stroke, and death
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor)
unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack), which are consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries
ACSs (acute coronary syndromes)
narrowing of the aorta. surgical treatment consists of removal of the constricted region and end-to-end anastomosis of the aortic segments (congenital anomaly resulting from some failure in the development of the fetal heart)
CoA (coarctation of the aorta)
blood clot (thrombus) forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb - blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs
DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
high blood pressure
HTN (hypertension)
passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth - ductus arteriosius normally closes after birth, but in this condition it remains open, resulting in the flow of oxygenated blood from the aorta into the pulmonary artery.
PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)
recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
Raynaud disease
local widening of an arterial wall
aneurysm
chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia. stable angina occurs predictably with exertion; unstable angina is chest pain that occurs more often and with less exertion
angina (pectoris)
aort/o
aorta
largest artery in the body
aorta
brachi/o
arm
abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias)
arrhythmias
small artery
arteriole
arter/o, arteri/o
artery
specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them
atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His toward the ventricles
atrioventricular node (AV node)
one of two upper chambers of the heart
atrium
atri/o
atrium (upper heart chamber)
listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically using a stethoscope
auscultation
drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias. it blocks the action of epinephrine at receptor sites on cells, slowing the heartbeat and reducing the workload on the heart
beta-blocker
device enabling ventricles to beat together so that more blood is pumped out of the heart
biventricular pacemaker
failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
bradycardia and heart block (atrioventricular block)
abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ
bruit
drug used to treat angina and hypertension. it dilates blood vessels by blocking the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels
calcium channel blocker
smallest blood vessel. materials pass to and from the bloodstream through these thin walls
capillary
gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation
carbon dioxide (CO2)
sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action; sudden cardiac death
cardiac arrest
pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
cardiac tamponade
steth/o
chest
cholesterol/o
cholesterol (a lipid substance)
pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest
claudication
thromb/o
clot
abnormalities in the heart at birth
congenital heart disase
blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
coronary arteries
blood that is oxygen-poor
deoxyggenated blood
relaxation phase of the heartbeat
diastole
drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heartbeat
digoxin
record of the electricity flowing through the heart. the electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, or T
electrocardiogram
clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel
embolus
very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute)
fibrillation
rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria - often symptomatic of heart disease and frequently required treatment such as medication, electrical cardioversion, or catheter ablation
flutter
cardi/o
heart
coron/o
heart
high blood pressure affecting the heart
hypertensive heart disease
myocardium works harder to pump blood through a narrowed pulmonary artery
hypertrophy of the right ventricle
valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve
mitral valve
myx/o
mucus
muscular, middle layer of the heart
myocardium
heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a resting rate of 60-100 beats per minute
normal sinus rhythm
gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells
oxygen
specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. an artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electronic apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not function
pacemaker (sinoatrial node)
inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
pericarditis
double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
pericardium
pericardi/o
pericardium
artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary artery
pulmonary artery is narrow or obstructed
pulmonary artery stenosis
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
pulmonary circulation
valve positioned between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
pulmonary valve
one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
pulmonary vein
beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
pulse
heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
rheumatic heart disease
rrhythym/o
rhythm
small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles - many close while maintaing a general circulation by means of a heart-lung machine
septal defects
partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum)
septum
aorta overrides the interventricular septum. oxygen-poor blood passes from the right ventricle to the aorta
shift of the aorta to the right
pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial node (SA node)
flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues
systemic circulation
contraction phase of the heartbeat
systole
congnital malformation involving four distinct heart defects
tetralogy of Fallot
located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; it has three leaflets, or cusps
tricuspid valve
structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction
valve
valvul/o, valv/o
valve
abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs
varicose veins
phleb/o
vein
thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lugns back to the heart. these contain valves to prevent backflow of blood
vein
ven/o, ven/i
vein
largest vein in the body. the superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart
vena cava
one of two lower chambers of the heart
ventricle
ventricul/o
ventricle, lower heart chamber
large hole between two ventricles lets venous blood pass from the right to the left ventricle and out to the aorta without oxygenation
ventricular septal defect
small vein
venule
angi/o
vessel
vas/o
vessel
vascul/o
vessel
disease of the arteries surrounding the heart - pair of blood vessels that arise from the aorta and supply oxygenated blood to the heart
CAD (coronary artery disease)
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
CHF (congestive heart failure)