Med Terms Chapter 8

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upper and lower GI series

barium swallow(upper) barium enema(lower) radiographic studies to examine digestive system

gallstone

biliary calculus, hard deposit formed in gallbladder and bile ducts

colonoscopy

direct visual examination of inner surface of colon

gastrointestinal endoscopy

endoscopic examination of interior of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

proctoscopy

endoscopic examination of interior of rectum and anus

hemoccult

fecal occult blood test or FOBT, lab test for hidden blood in stool

jaundice

icterus, yellow discoloration caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in blood

choledochiliotomy

incision in common bile duct for removal of gallstones

cholecystitis

inflammation of gallbladder

hepatitis

inflammation of liver usually caused by virus but may also be in toxic substances

endoscope

instrument used for direct visual examination of internal structures

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

lap choley, surgical removal of gallbladder

abdominal ultrasound

noninvasive test to visualize internal organs

cholecystalgia

pain in gallbladder

nasogastric intubation

placement of tube through nose into stomach

cholelithiasis

presence of gallsstones

antimetic

prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting

emetic

produces vomiting

cirrhosis

progressive degrenerative disease of liver, characterized by: disturbance of structure and function of liver.

stool samples

samples of feces that are examined for content and characteristics

enema

solution placed into rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

maxillofacial surgery

specialized surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injury

ileostomy

surgical creation of opening between ilium at end of small intestine and abdominal wall

colostomy

surgical creation of opening between the colon and the body surface

gastrotomy

surgical creation of opening into stomach

proctopexy

surgical fixation of rectum

colotomy

surgical incision into colon

hepatotomy

surgical incision into the liver

gastrotomy

surgical incision into the stomach

ostomy

surgical procedure to create an artificial opening between an organ and the body surface

extraction

surgical removal of a tooth

colectomy

surgical removal of all or part of the colon

hepatectomy

surgical removal of all or part of the liver

gastroectomy

surgical removal of all or part of the stomach

gingivectomy

surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue

gastroduodenostomy

surgical removal of diverticulum

hemorrhoidectomy

surgical removal of hemorrhoids (piles)

ilectomy

surgical removal of ileum

proctectomy

surgical removal of rectum

palatoplasty

surgical repair of cleft palate

anaplasty

surgical repair of the anus

esophagoplasty

surgical repair of the esophagus

proctoplasy

surgical repair of the rectum

hepatorraphy

suture liver

acid blockers

taken before eating, block affects of histamine that signals stomach to produce acid

acid blockers

treatment to counteract dehydration

sigmoidscopy

use of endoscope for direct visual examination of interior of entire rectum

laxitives

used to stimulate bowel movements

anascopy

visual examination of anal canal and lower rectum using short speculum called anascope

abdominal CT

CT scan, radiographic procedure that requires a detailed cross section of tissue structure within the abdomen.


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