Media Life

27. Name at least four of the seven key characteristics of the 'next big thing' in media technology based on your understanding of media history.*****

Always "on" Black Box Cheap Durable Personal Inside Human Mobile

9. What does it mean to say that today's media are 'anywhere' as well as 'anyplace'?

Anywhere refers to both the virtual and real places we can find media. Anyplace refers to media in the home, office, bed, car, ect.

13. One of the dangers of thinking about media life is our tendency towards technomyopia. Give an example of a technomyopic argument.

technomyopia is overestimation of media in the short run and underestimation of media in the long run. One example may be snapchat and mass data collection

12. When do we actually notice our media?

we really only notice our media when we are directly engaging with it. When you are watching TV you may also be on your phone and computer at the same time, but will only 'see' the media you are using at the moment.

82. What is the key difference, according to the media life perspective, between 'fixed' identities offline and 'flexible' identities online?

you can only be yourself offline, but you can be anyone (or anything) online.

49. What is life caching?

"Collecting, storing and displaying one's entire life, for private use, or for friends, family, even the entire world to pursue," using omnipresent digital tools and technologies such as free blogging software, memory sticks, high-definition cameras and all other kinds of "life capturing and storing devices" (Deuze pg 211)

63. As the vast majority of the world's population lives in ever-growing cities, we increasingly have to rely on media to tell us where we are (in the city) and even what the city is. Give three examples of ways in which media tell you about the city.

- google maps / mobile map apps that help you navigate through a city - street signs / billboards / interactice screens inform you of whats going on in a city - tv news / mobile apps inform you of traffic patterns, weather, and other basic information about a city

64. What do humachines and inforgs have in common?

- mix of human and machine

35. Architects in the past have famously referred to cities as 'living machines'; in the context of media life, what makes a city a machine we live in (and thus a machine that is alive)?

"Living machines" = foundational elements of everyday life can be found in one space. These self-contained living communities combine living, working, moving, and exercising body and mind in the same space (architect Charles-Edouard Jeanneret). The city emphasizes functionality and beauty. A mediated life is arranged through this kind of technological infrastructure. Consider private versus public living environments. A city that functions as a machine can create a more efficient and engaged society.

44. What is the significance of uncanniness as a way of 'looking awry' at the world and how are our media instrumental in this perspective?

"Looking awry" is seeing things we take for granted in different ways. Lefebvre considered the dominant media of his time (cinema and television) as diverting our attention away from the everyday (Deuze pg 82)

69. Briefly explain what you think the following quote means as it relates to Media Life, using your own media use as an example: "We do not live in a society that uses digital archiving, we live in an information society that is a digital archive."

- As talked about before there is no real delete key in media. Every activity is stored from the conversations I have online to the things I search. Even apps like Snapchat that let you send "one time" pictures or videos store those. Even my camera on my phone now does not delete a picture immediately, but stores it in the 'recently deleted' folder. Your digital archive is constantly being updated.

65. Give four examples of ways in which media turn us into what Sigmund Freud called 'prosthetic gods'..

- Bluetooth has made communication apart of us and available at any moment - touch screens have put information at our physical finger tips, and internet allows us to know far more than we nautraly should. - video recordings let us watch the past again, and see things from all over the world while sitting at home. - remote controls let us choose what we want to see, hear, or experience. We can filter/curate our life experiences

60. What are Milo, Geminoids and the operating system in the movie 'Her' examples of?

- Examples of how media today can become our "ideal" partner. Computer simulation humans such as Milo, or operating systems like in the movie 'Her' demonstrate the relationship we can form with 'fake' media, and how we can make it so real.

62. As argued in the book, in media life we 'lose' our cities by constantly rebranding and refashioning them in media, while at the same time we can use media so 'find' our cities again. Come up with an idea or example to use media to really connect to the community where you live) again.

- Meetup.com is a online site that helps you connect with neighbors in your community who share similar interests. For instance if you like basketball, Meetup.com may have a number of pickup basketball nights where you can meet neighbors and play together. - Another example of media to connect to a community where you live is Tinder. Tinder helps you meet partners in your area for friendship or more.

59. What do Ceylons, the Borg and the Terminator have in common?

- The most popular human machine conversions/hybrids in popular culture; infamous cyborgs - All three hybrids between machines & humans - All three can generally be assumed to "come & kick our ass" → All generally depicted as cold, heartless villains, murderers & assassins, reflecting some anxiety about human-machine convergence

68. Why is it possible to argue that when you live in media, even dying is not enough to get away from media? Give an example to illustrate your answer.

- You invest so much of your life into media that even when you die, a lot of "you" is still there (online). There are companies now that deal with deceased peoples media life like Facebook profiles, twitter, Instagram, ect. In my own life I often hear about people dying through medai when people posts statuses or even on dead peoples walls. Media becomes a way of honoring/paying homage/even preserving the life of a dead person.

66. Technology in general and media in particular are both magical and messy. Briefly explain this statement with examples from your own media life.

- statement was made by Dereck Powazek. In my own media life this statement is realized in Facebook/text chats that allow me to connect with new and old friends, but also never forget past conversations of avoid future ones with people I do not like. You can never 'forget' about your ex because your Facebook chat history is always there.

15. Consider popular online media such as Youtube or Facebook. Choose one and compare and contrast a media-centric with a society-centric view people may have on the role such media play in our lives.

-Media centric: Although we originally create these artifacts (Mark Zuckerberg who created Facebook) they come to dominate almost every facet of our lives and societal arrangements. Think about how everyone is constantly posting statuses, sharing photos, and even declaring when they are in relationships. Our online Facebook persona may even overshadow our physical one. -society centric: we create these media objects in order to fulfill our various purposes of watching, listening, using, etc. We control these devices and use them to enhance our social connections and make our lives more convenient. People can use Facebook to communicate, stay connected to family, and stay generally updated about the world.

29. What do the key media artifacts of the 20th century - the remote control, the joystick, the computer mouse, and the mobile phone - have in common?

-These three artifacts have gradually become more and more interactive, and are becoming "invisible" - Give user sense of control***

4. From what we know about how people (especially teens) use media, our estimations of the hours that we report we spend engaging with media are dramatically less than the actual amount of time we spend with media. Name media usage trends that explain this discrepancy.

-This is because media is infused into everything we do, we do not live with media anymore, in fact we live in media. When we discuss engaging with media, we are usually referring to technology as devices/artifacts (wires and plugs). However, we fail to realize that media is much more than that. -media technology is simply a part of our DNA, it shapes everything about us. -metaphysical issues defining reality and unreality, truth or falsity and media and life -humachines-intimate mixing of human and machines that constitutes an interface outside the subject/object binary. -posthuman-stretches human cognition across the man-machine divide, extending one's range of of understanding and possibility of action

57. Give five examples of media moving into life (in class, we for example looked at computer chips implanted in chimpanzees' brains).

1) Epidermal electronic computer chips -- like Henna tattoo, makes skin a conductor/turns body into personal computer 2) Eyeborg -- dude implants video game camera in eye (seen on BBC report) 3) Google glass 4) Google contact eye lenses w/ web camera 5) GlucoChip - device you implant into old people to "track" old people online.

58. Give five examples of life moving into media (in class, we for example looked at the replicants in the movie 'Blade Runner').

1) Film Space Odyssey - computer that during film becomes a living & breathing entity (i.e. death scene is profound - you care for this computer) 2) Olympia in "The Sand Man" - a man who falls in love with an atomaton, or a "living machine" that we're "not sure" if real or not

3. What do vital materialism and agential intra-action have in common?

1. vital materialism: materials that can influence how life may seem. 2. intra-action: everything has an effect on each other. Both show how materials/matter have an effect on life and your experiences.

71. What was the Memex?

A device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. Works as an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.

67. Which trend describes our lives in media best:

A we have not enough information about each other in media B we have too much information about each other in media C we can easily ignore all the information about each other in media D we can never find all the information about each other in media

46. What are Pottering, Vadering and Hadokening examples of?

All are recreations/social trends of popular scenes/events created by fans and spread through social media

70. Why can social media be called 'living' archives?

Because they are not simply records of the past living in file cabinets. We are constantly updating them: adding to them, deleting parts of them, modifying them and reorganizing them. We constantly manage our online selves and our online profiles.

16. What makes media pervasive?

Because we cannot switch media off

11. Why do people forget most of their media use when asked about it?

Because we dont realize how integrated media is with our life. When we think of media use we segment it into time spent 'on phone' 'on tv' 'on computer' when in fact we are almost in a constant state of media consumption. We live a life surrounded by media to the point we dont even realize how much we consume it.

85. Give three examples of ways you engage in self-branding in media.

By giving us a sense of control

167. What is a Matrix-based perspective on reality an example of? A. maintaining reality B. co-creating reality C. controlling reality D. co-creating reality

C. Controlling reality

55. What is a "windowless monad"? A someone connected to everyone else online, but blind to other people B someone without an internet connection, but always busy networking C someone connected to everyone else online, and always busy networking D someone without an internet connection, and blind to other people

D

180. What central value determines a social reality based on Google and Wikipedia? A. truth B. reason C. emotion D. consensus

D. Consensus

81. Are all the different versions of our selves that live in media examples of a Droste Effect? In your answer, make sure to explain what a Droste Effect is.

Droste effect: image that contains miniature version of itself (so creating infinite process of self-referral). I would say no.

52. What is the simplest definition of a monad (in Leibniz's theory of the monadology)? According to this definition, can a laptop computer be a monad?

Each monad is a complete individual substance in the sense that it contains all of its features—past, present, and future. Everything that was, is, or will ever be true of any substance is already contained in it

51. In Media Life we compare the way we live in media to Leibniz' famous theory of the monadology (from 1714). briefly explain in your own words what your media life and the monadology have in common.

Everything I am, was, and will be can be found in my media.

45. In what ways do our media make us feel divine? Name at least three for each aspect of our definition of media as artefacts, activities, and arrangements.

Feeling divine is not that far-fetched a premise in media life, considering the rather impressive array of powers we have at our disposal to manipulate and shape our own reality. Artifacts: remote control/video recorder/joy stick Activities: Practices in which people engage to communicate/share info - texting/emailing Arrangements: Media verbs like cut/paste/like/comment/share

32. In the 1930s, Sigmund Freud wrote: "Man has, as it were, become a kind of prosthetic god. When he puts on all his auxiliary organs he is truly magnificent; but those organs have not grown on to him and they still give him much trouble at times." Briefly describe a moment in your own media life when your 'auxiliary organs' gave you trouble, and how did that make you feel?

Freud calls attention to how we invent and use tools and appliances to deal with our own imperfections. We surround ourselves with technologies that remove us from direct experience. These "auxiliary organs" = ambivalent and uncertain. What seems familiar can become unfamiliar and unsettling when looked at differently. Media provides us with comfort and entertainment, as well as the guilt of finding pleasure from machines. Media is "prosthetic" because it augments reality.

41. In Edgar Allan Poe's story about Brevet Brigadier General John A. B. C. Smith, what was it about him that was "used up"?

He was known as the "one of the most remarkable men of the age," and the most courageous, but when the narrator asked others about him, people only comment on the 'wonderfully inventive age' (which makes the narrator think there's a concealed secret). Narrator visits General's home and 'assembles him' to learn what he really looked like - which everyone avoided discussing. The appearance everyone looks at is fake, concealing his battle losses and now having him live in a 'costume.'

1. Today we all live a media life. Academics approach the notion of understanding the relationship between the social (life) and the technology (media) in different ways. Some argue that technology is all-powerful; that it shapes our society. Others argue that it is society (or: the social) that shapes technology. Perhaps both are wrong, and the right answer is something else. What perspective would you choose? Defend your choice with an example from your own media use.

I think that technology shapes our society. Much like how Steve Jobs famously believed that "people dont know what they want until you show them", I believe that technology has continually reshaped society, showing us how to act. The advent of apps like twitter changed the way we thought of a sentence, of a thought, much the same way Instagram changed the way we thought of documentation, and photographing ourselves...

74. Does what happens in media stay in media?

I would argue no. Media moves into real life. For instance if you are tagged in an innapropriate picture on Facebook that moment can be seen by anyone whereas if a picture was not taken only a few people would have see you do whatever you did.

34. Famous media scholar Denis McQuail argues that the government only starts making policy about media when they upset or challenge the existing social order. Give evidence to this theory by discussing a recent trend in media and the state's response to it.

I would consider Napster, the online file sharing service. Copyright infringement caused the government to get involved because nothing like Napster had existed before. Most people used it to share MP3 files with each other.

19. Part of today's media life is coming to terms with the fact that most people expect or perceive whatever they see, read or hear in media to be edited (and therefore not the 'truth'). Give an example of a recent phenomenon where you witnessed this problem play out in everyday life.

ISIS execution video. Some online make the claim that the event was staged by government agencies.

61. In class we discussed four reasons why people fall in love with (their) media: identity, using/making/creating reality, belonging/community, and passion/emotion. Give an example of each of these elements in your own media life.

Identity: Media lets me remember my past life (timeline) as well as physically look at "who I am" through profiles, pictures, and posts on sites like Facebook and Instagram. Creating reality: Online I can be anyone I want. I do not have to deal with problems in real life like authority, parents, bullies, ect. Media puts me in control of my image and how I want to be seen. Community: I can connect to more people online than I can meet in real life. I can also seek out communities of people who like exactly what I want, especially things that maybe friends in real life are not interested in. Passion: Sometimes talking over texts or facebook can be a lot easier than in person. The space gives you time to think and plan what you want to say without feeling pressured to respond on the spot. Think fighting over facebook chat.

48. In media it seems we have all the information in the world at our fingertips - just a few clicks away. How can this be a danger to us, based on the short story Borges wrote on The Aleph (a device through which you can see everything in the world at once)?

If we can potentially always see everything at once - or operate under the illusion that we do - and therefore have to remember nothing - what kind of world do we experience? This would be an immediate world without history or future. According to Spanish philosopher George Santayana "those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." (Deuze pg 192)

77. What, according to Stephen Colbert, is the purpose of his suggested website Knowny?

It is a website that would essentially know every single thing a person did. It would give people the opportunity to share every single moment of their lives to others and really prove that they exist. It is proposed as a joke, but it is essentially a combination of a bunch of different social media websites that already exist.

95. Based on Jeremy Bentham's inspection principle, if security cameras and predictive software do not prevent crime, what could their real function be?

Jeremy Bentham- English jurist and philosopher States an ordely society based on being able to see anything and everything at one time principle of construction and plan of management a Panopticion 9all observing- constant observiong ensure a just society where people are motivated to uphold the public good Even though cameras do not prevent crime, they uphold a standard for the populus to live. Conformity over originality. The arguement could be made that cameras dont entirely prevent crime, but their is a positive externality where they prevent a large extent of crimes from occuring because of the illusion that they are always being watched.

2. What makes the "Life in a Day" video (compiled by Ridley and Tony Scott for YouTube) such a crucial document to understand media life?

That people didn't mind sharing the very intimate parts of their lives with a corporation. Things they would never share on FB (toilet, showers) were sharing with YouTube, and they trusted that what they shared would be okay once they turned it over.

22. Do media evolve?

Media artifacts evolve. Examples: mobile phone not a phone anymore, barely make phone calls. Artifacts are gradually becoming "invisible". Starting to disappear, body becomes media, become less and less aware of artifacts Media activities. Hardly use media deliberately anymore, it's just something we do.Feel that media is everywhere, but cannot see it, cannot put our fingers on it anymore Media arrangements. Collective action that cannot be disentangled from media. Major revolutions: Occupy Wall Street, Kony 2012, Cairo Arab Spring etc.

31. Considering the history of media - from the earliest radio and televisions via computers and mobile phones to recent inventions such as the braingate chip - what is exactly 'uncanny' about media (as argued by Sigmund Freud and discussed in class)?

Media make everything uncanny because nothing is real or false. This causes us to constantly be in negotiation with reality. Human-machine hybridization is uncanny because we are unsure where life begins and ends.

73. The big trend in consumer electronics since 2014 is wearable media. How do wearable media relate to the media's uncanny capacity to record and store your life?

Media moving into you storing things you dont even realize. Media becomes not just apart of your life, but apart of you.

92. Media technologies, content and experiences today often address us in a particular way. What way is that?

Media self, always aware of at least the possibility of being captured by surveillance

40. What do companies such as Rand-A-Brand, Fairphone, Envirophone, and Total Collect have in common?

That they are companies concerned about e-waste, and running businesses that are ethically aware of this problem and acting against it.

72. Researchers at Microsofts' MyLifeBits project suggest "having a surrogate memory creates a freeing, uplifting, and secure feeling"; briefly explain why you agree or disagree.

MyLifeBits project works to find a way to record and store everything a person experiences in a lifelong digital archive, making every memory easily searchable and accessible. One could really argue either way. For somebody, putting all of their photos, schedule, reminders, etc onto a computer or device that can safely store their information and work as a reminder could be useful and "freeing" because they are not forced to remember everyone on their own. Another person might not like this because they might feel insecure that all of their personal information is out there with potential to be hacked or accessed by someone else. I personally would agree with the researcher that having a technological device as a "surrogate memory" would be useful and secure.

14. Should we examine the emergence of media and technology from either a utopian or dystopian point of view? Why or why not?

Neither probably. Choosing to define media as a good or bad thing is not a helpful perspective. Media is a necessary and inextricable part of our lives, and is progressing to be more so each year. The positive benefits is that it means we can (and are) 'hacking' media in new and more plentiful ways each year.

20. What is the essence of the 'Onlife Manifesto' (European Commission, 2013) and how does it relate to the media life theme?

Onlife Manifesto started to think through what it means to be human in todays media life. The concern was about debates in media, and how it revolves around control. Are we controlled by media, or do we control it? The problem is that we take an intellectual sidestep by falling into that debate. Like this course, its important to face media head on, and to talk about how we live a life in media, and not whether we are controlled by it.

98. What is the difference between the three types of surveillance in media life as discussed in class: panoptic, synoptic, and omnoptic surveillance?

Panoptic-as discussed above in detail Synoptic- tic; it can be described by a visual relation in which the many (an audience) observe the few (the television broadcast) but one can argue that such a synoptic apparatus exists symbiotically with the panoptic as a means of generating surveillance cultural enclosures. Omnoptic surveillance is not the same as panoptic surveillance in the sense of punishment, crime prevention and control; however, somebody who does something online may not have approval from their friends and therefore this can have an element of control within it. https://georgehedleydmu.wordpress.com/2013/03/03/journal-entry-3/- this link is great for this question

37. What is shiny toy syndrome?

People only want media because it is new. There are no blemishes, and we can assume it works without error. Also leads to premature death of old media.

28. Considering the key characteristics of contemporary media devices (or: artifacts), what do most of these new media have in common? Mention at least three characteristics.

Pervasive (cannot switch it off) Ubiquitous (everywhere) Body becomes media

76. What service do online companies like Seppukoo and the Web 2.0 Suicide Machine provide, and why have these companies been shut down recently?

Provide ways to completely delete your online identity. Commit 'virtual suicide'

8. Why did the BBC use a reference to the drink 'Martini' in their vision for the future of media?

The BBC used a famous martini commercials slogan "anywhere, anyplace, anytime" to talk about the future of media consumption. In time they envisioned a world where people could interact with media anywhere (virtual and reality), anyplace (home, office, bed, ect) and at anytime.

90. In media life, it can be argued that people generally suffer from both 'shiny toy syndrome' and 'shiny hamburger syndrome'; briefly explain these two trends using the Apple Store and Facebook as your examples.

Shiny toy syndrome: When people want something simply because it is new, well-marketed and advertised as perfect; evident in the absurd Apple Store lines at every release of a new iPhone, regardless of actual improvements. Shiny hamburger syndrome - when we know that we're being watched, so we present a shiner version of ourselves. Not fake, we are still there, but just a little better. This occurs on facebook. You don't suddenly try to say you're a celebrity with 10 cars, just that you are you, but with a little bit more exciting life than is true.

5. People often argue that today's youth are so absorbed with using different types of media, such as television and video games, that they are losing touch with reality. Some respond to this allegation arguing that media users are more in touch with reality than ever before. In your opinion, how could someone successfully make the argument that today's youth is more aware of social realities than previous generations?

Society operates on an interface culture, where people understand information/communication as it comes to them. The concept of the avatar supports the idea that todays youth are more aware of social realities than previous generations because avatars connect people to more of civilization, and force them to figure out more things on their own. Biology and technology are fused together in a symbiotic venture and allows people to define their own realities in which they choose to.

39. What is the StEP program of the United Nations?

Solving the E-waste Problem. E-waste includes any kind of electronic equipment, and has created a global problem. StEP looks for solutions to the electronic waste problem, and to reduce dangers that electronic waste creates for the human and living environment.

30. There are no 'new' or 'old' media, but all media must be seen as versions of each other. Briefly describe this process of media evolution.

Spenser's "survival of the fittest" Darwin = natural selection, slight but profitable modifications Telephone still has the same fundamental purpose as when it was first invented New media doesn't necessarily replace the old media, but accelerates and amplifies it.

96. Living a media life can be understood as living inside an «Electronic Panopticon». Briefly describe in your own words what this means, using examples from your own media life.

States an orderly society based on being able to see anything and everything at one time- Cameras perform this principle of construction and plan of management of Panopticon, all observing- constant observing ensure a just society where people are motivated to uphold the public good How to relate back to my life? The obvious choice would be that i wouldnt commit a crime ie steal from bank or store due the high possibility of getting seen on camera and facing major consequences. This threat of being caught on camera makes sure I uphold a standard for the public good

93. What are the six ways in which we are all under surveillance (in media) in everyday life?

Surveillance by Industries State, Instiitutions Machines Ourselves Each other

94. What is the goal of the German 'camover' social movement?

The goal of the German "camover" social movement is to disrupt invasive governmental surveillance. The group aimed to vandalised as many comments (CCTV) as possible. The legitimacy was questioned if it was vandalism or justified protests. Also, documented and published several overbearing exploits committed by the government

6. One of the key arguments of Media Life is that living a media life equals living inside your own Truman Show. In the movie, Truman decides to escape. Why does Truman leave? Would you?

The movie follows the idea of limits behind a simulated reality. After multiple speculations and intense paranoia, he decides to find a way off of Seahaven. The difference between the Truman show and media life is that there is no exit. The question in our lives is not how to destroy or avoid these medias but rather what Truman could do if he had decided to stay inside his mediated life. One theme that is expressed in the movie is the difference between Truman's internal struggles and the artificial world around him. If he would have stayed, he would have been able to see himself live and with this, adapt accordingly. This puts a responsibility onto ourselves that goes beyond machines. It's pretty obvious for me that like Truman, I would have left Seahaven as well because of the desire and want to identify his own reality in the real world. Unlike Truman, although we cant escape this world, I do believe there is an awareness of how we are interconnected into the world of media and with this, are becoming our own players and creators rather than, "having to perform for the camera."

97. The Panopticon originally was a design (by Jeremy Bentham) for an ideal prison. In what sense was this prison ideal?

The perception to be inspected should always feel themselves as if under inspection, at least standing a great chance of being so - The inmates wont focus on commiting further crimes within the prison system and promotes cooperation and safety. Also, this allows for the sole focus on rehabilitation of the inmates. Cameras will show if they are trully ready to be back in society and live a good life.

83. What is the 'filter bubble'?

The result of a personalized search in which a website algorithm selectively guesses what information a user would like to see based on information about the user (such as location, past click behavior and search history) and, as a result, users become separated from information that disagrees with their viewpoints,

99. Living in media means being watched at all times - by government agencies, companies and businesses, as well as by anyone else. Famous philosopher Michel Foucault claims this makes for a 'controlled' society. Based on your insights gained from this class, what do you think he means?

To a certain degree, governmental surveillance works because it creates the illusion of always being surveyed. I believe we must give a certain amount of freedom to uphold the public good and create a controlled society. Only in an uptopian society would surveillance truly stop negative aspects of life from occurring but in the real world, surveillance prevents a large percentage of crimes from occurring/creates a fear of getting caught. By there must be a balancing effort where the government does not infringe on the people rights too much,

91. Give an example each of: governmental, industrial, institutional, interpersonal, and self-monitoring of everyday media life.

US based governmental Surveillance cameras- built in surveillance to see how people conduct their every day lives Institutional- surveillance occurs on several levels such as schools, military, factories, workplace, hospitals Industires- We are watched ny Inter-personal- "We are all surveillance cameras and have been cameras for quite some time" We all participate in social media and within that, we surveillance others in social media naturally. We have all heard of situations where we facbook, instagram, etc stalk each other to monitor what our friends around us are doing

36. One of the ways media shape our experience of the city has to do with the fact that most media today are both portable and networked (that is: they can connect to the internet). Briefly explain how these properties of media can change your physical experience of cities.

We now move through cities in a different way than before, jumping from hotspot to hotspot instead of taking direct routes.

79. What is the essence of Zuckerberg's Law?

We produce double the amount of media each year. It's not slowing down, this is only increasing each year. (Remember the last lecture graph: that each hour (or minute, I forget) we produce X amount of Tweets, X hours of youtube videos, X new blogs and X new blog posts).

38. Briefly elaborate on the dark side of media, specifically when media die?

When media die a huge amount of non-recyclable waste is created, "media graveyards." Hundreds of millions of electronic devices are discarded annually, most of which still work. "Zombie media."

47. What is egocasting?

Where sophisticated technologies give us "the illusion of perfect control," inescapably leading to a "thoroughly personalized and extremely narrow pursuit of one's personal taste" (Deuze pg 181)

33. Is the so-called 'Arab Spring' a social media revolution?

Yes, social media was used to organize protests and demonstrations. Social movements like this are successful because of media and would otherwise not be possible. "Facebook revolution."

18. Define media as artifacts, activities and (social) arrangements in the following scenario: a group of friends using email agree to meet around 8pm on the Leidseplein in Amsterdam. On their way there, several of them get stuck in traffic and coordinate via Whatsapp. The friends keep in touch but lose each other in a crowd of people that are demonstrating against a new policy of the local government, using the Twitter hashtag #Amsterdam. The friends end up at home watching a movie on Netflix while chatting online.

artifacts: the artifacts in this scenario are the physical media devices themselves. These would include the cellphone they used for Whatsapp and the computer/system that they used for Netflix. activities: the using of these artifacts for various purposes-- emailing, texting on Whatsapp, hashtagging on Twitter arrangements: the group of friends' attempts to meet up after communicating via email, their talking online later, and the demonstrators crafting an actual social movement.

17. What makes media ubiquitous?

because media is everywhere

10. What is the key difference between media multitasking and being concurrently exposed to media?

media multitasking assume implicitly that we know what we are doing. concurrently exposed to media is about how we are unaware of how much media we actually consume. We do not use media deliberately.

26. Briefly describe the theory of remediation.

old media is brought back in new ways. Remediation of old media to new media.

50. Briefly explain how media can be seen as giving us editing control over reality (as illustrated with the image 'Reality: Worst Game Ever').

one example was wikiality - that through general consensus, we're able to redefine 'truths' in our reality.

86. Recording, archiving and sharing our lives in media can be problematic for different reasons. In class, seven such reasons were discussed (the first one: media are messy retrieval systems). What are the other six?

· Identity Security · Forgetting is functional · Inauthentic self · Loss of Serendipity · TMI · Reality Disconnect

23. The history of media inventions tells us, among other things, that most of today's media in fact have long histories. As discussed in Media Life, what would another key observation about the way people have used media throughout history be?

· Media is becoming more and more invisible, we are aware it is around us always, but can't tangibly see it or put a finger on it · Media is moving into all types of platforms—it is pervasive and ubiquitous