Medical Law and Ethics Final Exam

birth and death certificates

birth: - must be reported to state registrar - Attending physician must verify all medical information - No hospital birth, the person attendance is responsible for filling the birth certificate Death - Attending physician must complete medical portion of death certificate - against law for attending to sign for due to criminal causes and not attended by a physician within a specified length of time before death - Due to causes undetermined by the physician - violent or otherwise suspicious

Affirmative Action

programs that use goals and quotas to provide preferential treatment for minority persons determined to have been underutilized in the past

Predictive testing

see if genes are present that could lead to hereditary diseases/ harmful genetic conditions

What is the next best course of action in this situation?

stop the testing and investigate the problem

Cloning

- The process used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue, or organism -controversial

Covered by Right-to-Know Laws

- Toxic or hazardous substances - Employer duties - Employee rights - Other health and safety issues.

surragate mother

a woman who becomes pregnant, usually by artificial insemination of surgical implantation of a fertilized egg, and bears a child for another woman.

The recording of vital statistics allows for

all of these

Under public health law, what diseases and conditions are generally reported to public health departments?

all of these answers are correct

What are some examples of the authority states have to enforce public health laws?

all of these are correct

Minors may be declared emancipated only if they:

are self-supporting

A physician or other health care practitioner who treats a minor in a nonemergency situation, without parental consent, risks being charged with

assault and/ or battery

Which of the following best defines in vitro fertilization?

fertilization taking place outside a woman's body

autopsy

postmortem examination to determine that cause of death or to obtain physiological evidence, as in the case of a suspicious death. Next of kin not need to be present for autopsy.

heterologus artificial insemination

process in which donor sperm is mechanically injected into a woman's vagina to fertilize her eggs

Death certificate information

- disease, injury, and/or complication that caused death. - date and time of death. - place of death. - pregnancy in female death. - if autopsy was performed.

Hiring and Firing

- wrongful discharge: An employer risks litigation if he or she does not have just cause (legal reason) for firing an employee -Public Policy: the common law concept of wrongful discharge when an employee has acted for the "common good" - Just Cause: An employer's legal reason for firing an employee

Wage and Hour Laws

-1935 Social Security Act -1938 Fair Labor Standards Act -Equal Pay Act of 1963 -Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974 - Workplace safety laws: - occupational safety and Health Act of 1970 - Other terms of employment: - family medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1991

Provisions of Public Health Statutes

-Guarding against unsanitary conditions in public facilities. -Inspecting establishments where food and drink are processed and sold. - Exterminating pests and vermin that can spread disease. - - Checking water quality. -Setting up measures of control for certain diseases. -- Requiring physicians, school nurses, and other health care workers to file certain reports for the protection of citizens.

Priority of Workplace Inspection

-Imminent danger situations -Fatalities and accidents resulting in death or hospitalization of three or more employees -Formal employee complaints -Programmed inspections -Follow-up inspections

Interviewing Guidelines

-Make a list of questions pertinent to job description, and stick to them -Do not rush the interview or allow it to drag on unreasonably -Remain objective, and listen well -End the interview on a positive note -Inform candidate of decision

Medical Waste Tracking Act

-OSHA may inspect hazardous medical wastes and will cite facilities for violations -All hazardous materials must be disposed of in a safe and healthy manner

Gene Therapy

-treating harmful genetic diseases or traits by eliminating or modifying the harmful gene -variety of applications: 1) replace deficiencies 2) insert normal copies of genes 3) turn off harmful genes

Fill in the missing words in the sentence 1) To help prevent violence against children, in ________ congress passed the child Abuse Prevention and treatment Act; mandating the reporting of cases of child abuse. 2) All states have enacted legislation making child abuse a crime and requiring that teachers, ________ and other licensed health care practitioners report child abuse and neglect. 3) The report must____ be made to the proper authorities- either in____ or by telephone- and a written report is generally required within a specified time frame, such as 72 hours 4) Any individual reporting suspected child abuse is granted absolute ___ from_____ and civil liability resulting from the reported incident. 5) which of the following isn't reported suspected cases of child abuse may be a_____.

1) 1974 2) physicians 3) immediately, person 4) immunity, criminal 5) state, misdemeanor

Euthanasia/Physician Assisted Suicide

1) Active euthanasia: is a conscious medical act that results in the death of a dying person 2) Passive euthanasia: the act of allowing a dying patient to die naturally, without medical interference 3) Voluntary euthanasia: the act of ending a dying patient's life by medical means with his or her permission

Types of Cloning

1) Gene cloning: produces exact copies of segments of DNA called genes 2) Therapeutic Cloning: produces copies of embryonic stem cells with the professed purpose of repairing injured or diseased tissue in the human body - stem cells: have potential to become any type of body cell - Multipotent stem cells: that can become limited number of types of tissues and cells in the body - pluripotent stem cells: that can become almost all types of tissues and cells in the body 3) Reproductive Cloning: produces copies of entire animals exact coding of genes that last an animals life span or not as much

which of the following is required to prove citizenship/ legal right to work in the U.S?

1-9

What is the number of chromosomes that carry the genes for all of our human characteristics?

46

Basic Employment Law

A concept of employment whereby either the employer of the employee can end the employment at any time, for any reason.

Forensics

A division of medicine that incorporates law and medicine and involves medical issues or medical proof at trials having to do with malpractice, crimes, and accidents.

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act

A federal law passed in 1974 requiring physicians to report cases of child abuse.

Medical Examiner

A physician who investigates suspicious or unexplained deaths.

Autopsies

A postmortem examination to determine cause of death and/or to obtain physiological evidence. - Autopsies performed in hospitals may confirm or correct clinical diagnoses - Autopsies must be performed in cases in which the death is suspicious or due to homicide

Coroner

A public official who investigates and holds inquests over those who die from unknown or violent causes; he or she may or may not be a physician, depending on state law.

The Human Genome Project

A scientific project funded by the U.S. government, begun in 1990 and successfully completed in 2000, for the purpose of mapping all of a human's genes.

Gene

A tiny segment of DNA found on a chromosome within a cell's nucleus

Surety Bond

A type of insurance that allows employers, if covered, to collect up to the specified amount of the bond if an employee embezzles or otherwise absconds with business funds.

Which of the following best defines surrogacy?

A woman bears a child for another woman

What vital events must physicians report?

All of these are correct

What is considered a reportable injury that physicians must report to law enforcement officials?

All of these examples are correct

Genome

All the DNA in an organism, including it's genes

Unborn Victims of Violence Act

Also called Laci and Conner's Act, a 2004 federal law that provides for the prosecution of anyone who causes injury to or the death of a fetus in utero.

Clone

An organism produced asexually, from a single ancestor, that has the same genetic makeup as the original

Reportable Injuries

Assault, Rape, Domestic Violence - child abuse: report immediately to the authorities in person of by the phone, written report within 72 hours. Failure to report is lead to a misdemeanor - spousal Abuse: No physical report needed, unless injuries are caused by abuse. Courts issue protection/restraining orders. Some states the police may require to make an arrest under certain circumstances - Elder Abuse: Amendments to older Americans Act helps to provide elder's and their families aging/ disability resources, elder justice, elder health etc.. Mandatory to report and abuse that is noticed.

Genetic testing can be done for the following illnesses:

Breast Cancer

Besides violating hospital policy on specimen labeling, the direction that Jeannie received from her manager is also a violation of the minimum quality standards set by...

CLIA

Which of the following federal laws protects employees for potential discrimination?

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Health care workers may have biases that they are unaware of in records to...

Economic, physical status, Age, and Gender or race

What interpersonal skill is critical for Jeannie in this situation?

Effective communication

Employment Paperwork

Employee records must include: - social security number - number of exemptions claimed - gross salary - I-9 form - deductions for social security; Medicare; and federal, state, and city taxes - other withholding

Factors Affecting Employment-at-will

Federal and state statutes, executive orders, and case law Contracts between a worker and an employer Collective bargaining agreements between companies and unions Civil service rules for government workers

Recording Births and Deaths

Guidelines to complete forms: - type/ print all entries - leave no entries blank - avoid corrections and erasures - File only originals with state registrars - verify spelling of names - Avoid abbreviations - Refer problems to state officials

All public health statues have the following in common but one, which one is not a part of that group?

Having states pay for childhood vaccinations

When a physician suspects abuse, the physician should ask open-ended questions such as______.

How did you get these bruises

Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross)

In no specific order: stage 1: Denial and Isolation stage 2: Anger, rage, and resentment stage 3: Bargaining and sadness stage 4: depression and sadness stage 5: Acceptance

Classify the phases under the appropriate heading

Law - vaccinations to enter school - smoking bans/ restrictions - child safety/ seatbelt laws Public Health Issue - spread of infections diseases - accidental injuries / death in children - dental caries Law Works - parental cooperation - requires behavioral changes - requires no action on the part of for individuals Laws enforced - requires proof of vaccination when children register for school - citations for non-compliance - periodic checking of public water supply

Medical/Recreational Marijuana

Medical Marijuana -30 states have laws allowing (Nov. 2016) Recreational marijuana -Eight states and D.C. allow (Nov. 2016) Each state has different Laws

Which of the following is not included an a death certificate?

Name of decedent's next of kin

Which of the following types of evidence may an employee produce to substantive a wrongful discharge claim?

Oral promises to the employee, a written contract, company handbook

A form of sexual harassment that means "something for something" is called:

Quid pro quo

What should Jeannie document in the medical record?

Specimen discarded per facility policy

Which of the following will most likely require notification of the appropriate health agencies?

Staph infection

The concept of Parens patriae is defined as:

State may act as parental auhtority

State public health laws derive indirectly from______

Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

Which of the following bans discrimination against persons with disabilities in the workplace and mandates equal access for workers who are disabled?

The Americans with Disabilities of 1990

What information must violence administrates document in a patient's medical record?

The date the violence was administered, the vaccine manufacturer, and the vaccine lo # are just few things that need to be put in the patients medical record

dispense

To deliver controlled substances in some type of bottle, box, or other container to a patient.

prescribe

To issue a medical prescription for a patient.

Forensic testing

Used in law enforcement to eliminate or designate suspects in a crime, identify homicide victims, or to otherwise analyze DNA samples for law enforcement purposes

Newborn screening tests

Usually performed routinely to check for treatable, harmful genetic conditions or diseases, such as PKU.

Which of the following is not a form of sexual harassment in the workplace?

a female supervisor hires a male assistant

A coroner or medical examiner signs a death certificate if

all of these

Under the concept of employment-at-will, who has the right to terminate employment?

both the employer and the employee

The____ has set guidelines for wearing protective equipment when performing tasks that may include contact with blood, tissue, or body fluids.

centers for disease control

Briefly define the term federalism

cooperation among federal, state, and local governments

Physician may not sign a death certificate in which of the following situations?

death is suspicious

While health information is normally kept confidential, as required by physician- patient confidentiality, the law mandates reporting child and ______ abuse.

elder

Which of the following employment issues do federal laws generally address?

employment discrimination, wages, and hours, safety and welfare

Which federal office can be contacted to report charges or complaints of employment discrimination?

equal employment opportunity office

genetic counselor

expert in human genetics who is qualified to counsel individuals who may have inherited genes for certain diseases or conditions

In all states, physicians must report to law enforcement officials medical treatment of patients whos injuries resulted from certain acts of violence. Which of these is not an example of this?

fall at home

The civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of which factors.

gender, religion, race

If a person is denied life insurance due to a family history of Huntington's disease, this is called:

genetic discrimination

Manipulating DNA is a form of:

genetic engineering

The science that accounts for natural difference and resemblances among organisms related by descent is called:

genetics

Diagnostic testing

health practitioners can use DNA testing to confirm a diagnosis, including confirming or ruling out certain genetic diseases

Artificial insemination may be an acceptable remedy, for:

infertility

Genetic Engineering

manipulation of DNA within the cells of plants, animals, and other organisms through synthesis, alternation, or repair to ensure that certain harmful traits will be eliminated in offspring and that desirable traits will appear and be passed on.

What concept allows the physician in this incident to treat a 16-year-old minor without parental consent?

mature minors

permanent change in DNA is called a:

mutation

Gene declared emancipated, a minor can loose that status if he or she:

none of these

Assume that you know the parents of the patient in this case study, and they call you asking why their daughter was treated at the clinic where you work. What will govern your response?

patient confidentiality

mutations

permanent change in DNA

Discrimination

prejudiced, or prejudicial outlook, action, or treatment.

Heredity is:

process by which organisms pass genetic traits on to their offspring

homologus artificial insemination

process in which a man's sperm is mechanically injected into a woman's vagina to fertilize her eggs

Which of the following best defines a coroner?

public official who investigates and holds inquests concerning those who die from unknown or violent causes

Because she is working in a laboratory that contains hazardous material, Marilyn's workplace training should include all of the following except.....

role in the emergency preparedness plan

Federalism

sharing of power among, federal, state, and local governments

Heredity

the science of or the person by which organisms pass genetic traits on to their offspring.

What is the definition of genetics?

the science that accounts for natural differences and resemblances among organisms related by descent

Genetics

the science that accounts for natural differences and resembles among organisms related by descent

Filing for Unemployment Benefits

to file, a claimant needs: - social security card - W-2 Statements for the past 1 to 2 years - wage records for the past 18 months - Employer's names and addresses for the past 18- month employment period - statement of the reason for leaving the job - The employer's unemployment insurance account number, if available.

which of the following reasons would Steve take into consideration as to why he would want genetic testing done?

Could set aside funds for longer-term insurance care, peace of mind for his fiancé, peace of mind in knowing one way or another

Why didn't Dr. Topetta demand that Angela tell him the truth?

Dr. Topetta is only responsible for supplying Angela with resources to get help but he is allowed by law to Badger her.

Options for infertile couples include

Surrogacy, artificial insemination, IVF

Carrier testing

Used to determine if individuals carry harmful genes that could be passed on to offspring.

personal preferences for treatment when patient finds it hard to function

- 46% would choose to stop so they could possible die - 46% would want physician to do everything

Personals preferences for treatment when patient is totally dependent on others:

- 52% would prefer to stop treatment so they could die - 37% would prefer physician do to everything possible

Personal preferences for treatment of an incurable disease and greater pain

- 57% would ask physician to stop treatment so they could die - 35% would ask physician to do everything possible

Coma and PVS

- Coma: a condition of deep stupor from which the patient can not be roused by external stimuli - persistent vegetative state (PVS): severe mental impairment characterized by irreversible cessation of the higher functions of the brain, most often caused by damage to the cerebral cortex signs of death 1) can not breathe without assistance 2) Has no coughing or gagging reflex 3) Has no pupil response to light 4) Has no blinking reflex when the cornea is touched 5) Has no grimace reflex when the head is rotated or ears are flushed with ice water 6) Has no response to pain

Use of Vital Statistic Information

- Educational institutions - Governmental agencies - Research scientists - private industry - other organizations/ individuals

W-2 Information

- Employer's tax identification number - Employee's social security number - total taxable earnings paid by the employer - Amounts deducted for income tax and social security - Amounts of advance earned income credit payment, if any.

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)

- Federal statue passed in 1988 that established minimum quality standards for all laboratory testing - Requires that laboratories obtain certification, pay applicable fees, and follow regulations concerning testing, personnel, inspections, test management, quality control, and quality assurance.

Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990

- PSDA requires providers to ask patients if they have advance directives Advance directives include: 1) Living will 2) durable power of attorney 3) health care proxy 4) DNR - Health care providers will doc in the patient's medical record whether he or she has executed an advance directive - providers may not discriminate against an individual based on whether or not he or she has executed an advance directive - providers must have a policy for educating staff and the community regarding advance directives

Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting

- any event listed in the vaccine injury table - any contraindicating event listed in the manufacture's package insert

Protection form Discrimination

- being of a particular race, color, religion, or national origin, or being male, female, or transgender - Being over 40 yrs of age - Having a history of a disability of having a disability that may be accommodated - Having a particular genetic disposition - Being pregnant - joining a union/ engaging in political activity

Objects to Genetic Engineering

- cloning does not always yield viable offspring - 30% of live clones are affected with "large off spring syndrome" and other debilitating conditions - A large failure rate in human clones is unacceptable - Many cloned die prematurely -scientists do not know how cloning affects mental development

Vaccination Documentation

- date vaccine was administered - vaccine manufacturer - vaccine lot number - name, address, and title of health care provider who administered vaccine

Genetic Discrimination

- differential treatment based on actual or presumed genetic differences - Laws that prohibit genetic discrimination -HIPPA - ADA: in workplaces for discrimination and disabilities - GINA: prohibits discrimination in the workplace -ACA: insurance issuers must provide coverage for all individuals who request it

Background Checks

- financial and criminal background may be checked by employer - prospective or current employee must acknowledge that check is to occur

Right-to-die Movement

- first became an issue in Karen Ann Quinlan case - uniform rights of the terminally III Act: guidelines for state legislatures to construct laws addressing advance directives variety of state laws passed over last 60 years currently, six states and D.C. have dealt with dignity laws: - Oregon - California - Washington - Colorado - Montana - Washington D.C. - Vermont

Minors

- mature minors: individuals in their mid-to late teens considered mature enough to give informed consent. - Emancipated minors: Individuals in their mid-to late teens who legally live outside parents' or guardian's control.

Palliative care certifications

- medical board sub specialty in palliative care -ARNP programs offers certification in palliative care -social worker programs after certification in palliative care

End-of-Life Discussion Training

- medical schools now require end-of-life care training - nursing schools require palliative care competencies - Medicare reimburses physicians for having a discussion about advance directives with patients

Worker's Comoensation

- medical treatment - temporary disability indemnity - permanent disability indemnity - Death benefits to survivors - Rehabilitation benefits

OSHA

- occupational safety and health administration (OSHA): charged with writing and enforcing compulsory standards for health and safety in the workplace

OPTN Goals

- organ procurement and transplantation Network goals: - Increase the effectiveness and efficiency of organ sharing and equity in the national system or organ allocation - Increase the supply of donated organs available for transplantation

Organs/ Tissues for Transplantation

- organs: heart, kidney, pancreas, lung, stomach, and small and large intestines - Tissues: bone, corneas, skin, heart valves, veins, cartilage, and other connective tissues

Palliative and Curative Care

- palliative care treatment of a terminally ill patient's symptoms to make dying more comfortable - curative care treatment directed towards curing a patient's disease

National Organ Transplant Act

- passed in 1984, a fed law that provides grants to qualified organ procurement and transplantation Network (OPTN)

Enforce powers of the states

- require investigations be conducted in infectious disease outbreaks - make childhood vaccinations a condition for school entry - Ban the distribution of free cigarette samples around schools or in areas where children congregate - Institute smoking bans/ restrictions - involuntarily detain ( quaratine ) individual who have certain infectious diseases - seize and / or destroy property to contain the threat of toxic substances

Hospice

- services for dying patients and their families: - In patient's home, nursing home, or hospital. - specials facilities for only hospice patients - Multi-disciplinary team of caregivers: - physicians - Nurses and home health aides - social workers - physical therapists - other

Abandoned Infants

- state laws that allows mother to abandon newborns to designated safe facilities without penalty

Conditions for Sexual Harassment

- submission to sexual conduct is made either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual's employment -submission to or rejection of sexual conduct by an individual's employment decisions affecting such individual. - Sexual conduct has the purpose or effect of unreasonably interfering with an individual's work performance or creating or intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment

Infertility

- the failure to conceive for a period or 12 months or longer due to a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any reproductive part, organ, or system

Concerns about death and dying

- views on end-of-life treatment: - 66% believe there are circumstances in which a patient should be allowed to die - 31% support doing everything possible to solve patient's life, always.

CDC Guidelines

- wear gloves, eye masks. gowns, and other protective equipment when performing such tasks as capillary puncture, phlebotomy, pelvic exams, minor suturing, and throat culture - Wear protective equipment when performing tasks that do not involve direct contact with blood, body fluids, or tissue, in case accidental exposure occurs

Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

-recommendation of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, that all states accepted - Allows individuals to donate their bodies or body parts, after death, for use in transplant surgery, tissue bones, or medical research or education.

Reportable Diseases and Injuries

-reportable diseases determined by each state - sexually transmitted diseases reported when diagnosed - HIV notification to past and present sexual partners or needle sharing partners - communicable disease reporting more stringent for patients who work with the public

Signs of Abuse

-unexplained fractures -repeated injuries -burns with unusual shapes -friction burns -bite marks -malnutrition or dehydration -possible sexual abuse

Determination of Death

-uniform determination of death act: proposal that established uniform guidelines for determining when death has occurred - each state has its own criteria - Brain Death: final cessation of body activity, used to determine when death actually occurs: 1) circulatory and respiratory functions have irreversibly ceased, and the entire brain has irreversibly caused its function - Coma: a condition of deep stupor from which the patient can not be roused by external stimuli - persistent vegetative state (PVS): severe mental impairment characterized by irreversible cessation of the higher functions of the brain, most often caused by damage to the cerebral cortex

complete the sentence: 1) Our increased body of knowledge about______, chromosome structure, and the basis of____ has allowed scientists to manipulate DNA within he cells of plants, animals, and other organisms to ensure that certain advantages trails will appear and be passed on, or that certain harmful traits are_____. 2) This is called genetic______. 3) Because the chemical composition of DNA is rarely identical through out the ______ and ________ kingdoms, genes can often be interchanged among plants and animals to transfer desirable characteristics to different _________. 4) Through this process, for example, ______ from a species of artic flounder have been added to strawberry plants to make them better able to withstand cold_______. 5) Genetic Engineering has also created corn and soybean crops that are _____ to insect borne diseases, "golden" rice with increased beta-carotene content, and _____ that can devour oil spilled into oceans

1) DNA, heredity, eliminated 2) Engineering 3) plant, animal, species 4) genes, temperatures 5 resistant, bacteria

Drug Regulators

1) Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Federal agency within the Department of Health and Human Services that oversees during quality and standardization and must approve drugs before they are released for public use - tests and approves prescription drugs 2) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): A branch of the U.S. Department of Justice that regulates the sale and use of drugs 3) Controlled Substances Act: Federal law giving authority to the Drug Enforcement Administration to regulate the sale and use of the drugs - provides 5 categories (schedules ) of drugs based on their potential for abuse: 1) No currently accepted medical use 2) High potential for abuse 3) Moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence 4) low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence 5) lower potential for abuse than schedule 4 drugs.

OSHA Standards include

1) General Duty Clause: section of Hazard Communication Standard stating that any equipment that may pose a health risk must be specified as a hazard 2) Chemical Hygiene Plan: standard of occupational exposures to hazardous chemicals in laboratories that clarifies the handling of hazardous chemicals in medical laboratories 3) Ionizing Radiation standard: applies to all medical and dental offices that have X-ray machines. - preparing a survey of all types of radiation used, including X-rays - Setting aside restricted areas where employees can limit exposures - providing personal radiation monitors such as film badges or pocket dosimeters for employee to wear - using caution signs to label those rooms and equipment where exposure could occur 4) Exit Routes Standard: requires that safe and accessible building exits must be provided in case fire or emergency 5) Electrical Standards: apply to electrical equipment and wiring in hazardous locations. social writing and equipment installation may be required if the facility use flammable gases

Options for infertile couples

1) In vitro fertilization: fertilization takes place outside woman's body, in test tube 2) artificial insemination: mechanical injection of semen into woman's vagina 3) surrogacy: A woman bears child for another women

Types of Advanced Directives

1) Living will: An advance directive that specifies an individual's end-of-life wishes 2) Durable power of attorney: An advance directive that confers upon a designee the authority to make a variety of legal decisions on behalf of the grantor, usually including health care decisions 3) Health care power of attorney: durable power of attorney issued for purposes of health care decisions only 4) Do-Not-resuscitate order: when admitted to a hospital, most patients are allowed by state law to specify that they are not to be revived if their heart stops

Vaccine Legal Liability

1) National Childhood Vaccine injury Act: Federal law passed in 1986 that created a no-fault compensation program for citizens injured or killed by vaccines, as an alternative to suing vaccine manufactures and providers 2) National Vaccine injury compensation programs (VIP): relive vaccine manufactures and providers from having to pay judgements for vaccine injuries that , in turn, could led to a shortage of vaccines due to disincentive of legal liability, no- fault systems to help compensate individual's who have been injured by childhood vaccines. 3) Smallpox Emergency personnel protection Act (SEPPA): No- fault program to provide benefits and/ or compensation to certain individuals, including health care workers and emergency responders, who are injured as a result of the administration of smallpox counter measures, including the smallpox vaccine.

Three stages of Greif- Temes

1) Numbness, characterized by mechanical/ rate functioning and social isolation 2) Disorganization, where feelings of loss are so painful and disorienting are can't make plans or decide what to do next. 3) Reorganization a return to one's previous, more normal and function way of life.

Fill the word to complete the sentence 1) By authority of the medical waste Tracking Act, _____ may inspect hazardous medical_____ and will cite medical facilities for unsafe or unhealthy practices regarding these wastes. 2) Hazardous medical wastes include but are not limited to____ products, body fluids, tissues, cultures, vaccines ( live and weakened), _____ , table paper ( with body fluids in them), gloves speculums, cotton swabs, and inoculating loops. 3) A puncture-proof, ______, approved sharps container must be provided for the ____ of sharp objects. 4) Chemicals should be discarded in a _____ or mental container 5) Flushable _____ can be washed down the _______ with large quantities of _______. 6) Other_____ medical wastes must be contained in plastic, leak-proof biohazard bags. 7) _____ is often used to dispose of medical wastes 8) Reputable, _______ waste handlers should be used to handle this material

1) OSHA, wastes 2) blood, sharps 3) leak-proof, disposal 4) glass 5) chemicals, drain, water 6) hazardous 7) Incineration 8) licensed

Rights of children

1) Parens patriae: legal doctrine that gives the state the authority to act in a child's best interest - " best interest of the child" concept: alternative that best safeguards the child's growth, development, and health - rights of the newborn: same as any other citizen of any age.

Uses of DNA Testing

1) Predictive testing 2) carrier testing 3) prenatal testing 4) preimplantation 5) Forensic testing 6) Tracing lineage 7) Newborn screening tests 8) Diagnostic testing 9) Medical treatment determination

Federal Labor and Employment Laws

1) Wagner Act of 1935: act makes it illegal to discriminate in hiring or firing because of union membership or organizational activities 2) Civil Rights Act of 1964 ( Title VII): applies to businesses with 15 or more employees working at least 20 weeks of the year. Law prevents employers from discriminating in hiring or firing on the basis or race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. 3) Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967: applies to businesses with 20 or more employees working at least 20 weeks of the year. Prohibits discrimination in hiring or firing based on age for persons aged 40 or older 4) Rehabilitation Act of 1973: applies to employers with federal contracts of $2, 500 or more. It prohibits discrimination in employment practices based on physical disabilities or mental health

Federal Labor and Employment Laws cont.

5) 1976 Pregnancy Discrimination Act: is an amendment to the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act that makes it illegal to fire an employee based on pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions 6) Titles I and V of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990: applies to all employers with 15 or more employees working at least 20 weeks during the year. Titles I and III of the act ban discrimination against persons with disabilities in the work place 7) Civil Rights Act of 1991: This act provides two new important benefits for employees who prove discrimination: (1) Employees may collect punitive damages; (2) employees may collect damages for emotional distress associated with incidents of discrimination. 8) Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA): act prohibits discrimination in health insurance and employment based on genetic information. 9) Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009: revisions were concerned primarily with statues of limitation trigger dates, extending the class of plaintiffs to any individual who is "affected by" unlawful discrimination, and recovery of back pay.

Place the answers below in the appropriate category

Federal and Department Laws prohibit in areas during interview process: - race or color -gender - marital status - Disability - Family - National origin (IRCA) 1986 requires new employees to complete an I-9 form, intended to prevent - membership of organizations - age , birthdate, or birthplace - arrest record - religion or creed - military experience or discharge - Method of birth control - Residency duration Complete records for everyone: - Number of exemptions claimed - social security number - withholding for state disability insurance, state unemployment tax, and health care plans, if applicable - Gross salary - properly completed I-9 form - deductions for social security, Medicare, and Federal and State , and city taxes Acceptable practice for conducting preemployment interviews - stick to predetermined list of questions - Ask" why do you want this job?" - Do not rush interview/ allow it to drag Former employees may be denied unemployment if they...... - Quit their job without cause - they are unemployed because of a labor dispute - are an independent contractor or self-employed - Were fired for misconduct

In which of the following situations might DNA testing be indicated?

Man involved in a paternity suit, parents who suspect they brought the wrong baby home from the hospital, a woman who is a suspect in a murder

which of the following federals laws protects employees from sexual harassment in the workplace?

civil rights act of 1964

What does the abbreviation "CLIA" stand for?

clinical Laboratory Improvement Act

Vital Statistics

collected by government officials to asses population trends and needs: live births, deaths, federal deaths, marriages, divorces, induced terminations of pregnancy, and any change in civil status that occurs during an individual's lifetime.

OSHA Health Standards

hazard communication standards (HCS): an OSHA standard intended to increase health care practitioner's awareness or risks, improve work practices equipment, and reduce injuries and illnesses in the workplace

Why did Dr. Topetta pull up Angela's EHR and list the other instances like the one that brought her into the office today?

he suspects someone is hurting Angela, and he probably thinks that if he reminds her of several other times this has happened tot her that she might confide in him.

uses of genetic testing, which can predict diseases such as sickle cell anemia, include all of the following EXCEPT:

hematology testing

Public Health Statues

inferred from the 10th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. " the powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states, respectively, or to the people"

Which of the following is true of the clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)?

it is also known as the Clinical laboratory Improvements Amendments

What aspect of OSHA standards specifically workers in health care industry?

labeling of hazardous substances, material safety data sheets, regulations designed to protect the workers from bloodborne pathogens

United Nations Globally Harmonized systems of Classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS):

led to a 2012 revision of the Hazard communication standard in order to transform " right to know" to right to understand," in line with GHS.

Medical treatment determination

look for changes or variants in the genes that to dictate how medications are processed to determine whether or not a certain medications will be effective in a specific patient.

preimplantation testing

look for harmful genes in embryos after artificial insemination but before implantation

Which of the following falls within the supervision of a state's public health department?

mandating vaccinating of school children

How will the patient's treatment likely be recorded on her medical record?

medical emergency for sepsis and treatment of hard wound

What causes most laboratory errors?

technician error

DNA

the combination of proteins, called nucleotides, that is arranged to make up an organism's chromosomes.

administer

to instill a drug into the body of a patient

Why should health care practitioners constantly check their work habits and equipment-perhaps more so than in other occupations?

to maintain high-quality standard for all laboratory testing on specimens derived from humans.

Xenotransplantation

transplantation of animal tissues and organs into humans

Chromosomes

units within cell nuclei where genetic material is stored

what can happen if a laboratory result is incorrect due to technician error?

unnecessary medications for the patient, unnecessary procedures for the patient, legal action

OSHA standards mandate that employees do which of the following?

use protective equipment, follow safety, and health rules and respect hazardous conditions

Tracing lineage

used to determine parentage or other relationships within families

Prenatal testing

used to identify genetic disorders in utero