Medical Sociology; ch 11&12 (2); Cockerham

Which is NOT a feature of professionalism?

All of the above are features.

Most American medical practitioners in the period before the American Revolution were:

All of the above.

The decline in the status and autonomy of physicians is largely due to greater:

All of the above.

A major defect in the professional autonomy argument arises from the fact that the autonomy granted to the medical profession is granted _____________, on the assumption that it will resolve significant issues in favor of the public interest.

Conditionally.

____ are schedules of fees placing a ceiling on how much the government will pay for specific services rendered to Medicare patients by hospitals and doctors.

DRGs.

At the beginning of the 21st century we are witnessing that the dominance of medical profession is:

Declining.

______ considerations have become a primary motivation among physicians, hospitals, and private health insurance companies.

Economic.

One of the most significant guiding principles of the AMA has been its view of the physician as a(an) ___________________________.

Independent practitioner.

Which group exercises influence over medical work through its research productivity rather than focusing on individual diagnosis and treatment?

Knowledge elite.

Physicians in the United States used to lack:

Lengthy training in specialized knowledge.

AMA local societies have the power to enforce conformity at their level because they determine:

Membership qualifications.

What is a double agent?

Physicians who look out for the interests of the patient and the interests of a managed care organization.

________ are forced to spend time as "patient advocates," convincing various bureaucrats that more specialized and expensive care is warranted.

Primary care physicians.

What restricted the evaluation of work and discouraged the expression of criticism within physician circles?

Rules of etiquette.

Medical schools have begun to employ which method to help decrease doubt and improve the application of medical knowledge?

Evidence-based medicine.