medical sociology chapters 1-4

Germ theory provided a framework for understanding the causal agents of disease. What are the five agents recognized today?

Biological, nutritional, chemical, physical, and social.

Which of the following have been significant factors in the most recent epidemiologic transition, which has seen a reemergence of infectious diseases?

globalization and global warming

The primary focus of the epidemiologist is on:

health problems of social aggregates

What is the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for more than one-third of all deaths?

heart disease

_________________ has special significance for a society because it is traditionally used as an approximate indicator of a society's standard of living and quality of health care delivery.

infant mortality rate

Unlike infectious diseases, chronic diseases typically are _____________ and ______________.

long term; incurable

What group uses preventative services the least?

lower class

The so-called "clinical gaze" is best associated with which of the following perspectives?

medicine of the species

Which of the following plays a particularly important role in the transmission of AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa?

migrant labor force

The current public policy approach to dealing with AIDS is:

through safe sex education

In which study were syphilis patients intentionally not treated and allowed to die?

tuskegee

The National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC) is a measure of class position, which is based on differences in:

work/employment

The World Health Organization defines health as:

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

Medical sociology, as a subdiscipline, began gaining strength:

After World War II with the infusion of large amounts of federal funding for research.

Which is NOT a major area of investigation in medical sociology?

All of the above answers are major areas of investigation in medical sociology.

In developing his concept of the sick role, Parsons linked his ideas to which two classical theorists?

Durkheim and Weber.

In order for a social variable to qualify as a cause of sickness and mortality it must meet which criteria?

Influence multiple diseases Affect diseases through multiple pathways of risks. Be reproduced over time. Involve access to resources that can be used to avoid risks.

The lowest AIDS mortality rates for American males are found in:

asians

In the United States, heart disease has ______________ over the past 30 years.

decreased

A researcher is interested in reporting how many people in a community were diagnosed with HIV during the past month. He/she would measure the:

incidence

The HIV outbreak in China initially occurred among ____________ in Yunnan Province.

intravenous drug users

______________ neighborhoods are clean and safe, houses and buildings are well-maintained, and residents are respectful of each other and each other's property.

orderly

A social class is a category or group of people who:

share similar levels of wealth, status, and power

Which of the following demonstrates the sociological implications of the HIV/AIDS epidemic?

Its influence on modifying social norms, values, and lifestyles. You Answered How certain social behaviors lead to the transmission of the disease and result in a pandemic. The social rejection of AIDS patients. Moral and religious debates over the meaning of the disease and treatment options.

What caused the prevalence of STDs to soar around the globe?

The birth control pill. A worldwide ideology of sexual liberation and permissiveness. A new pattern of employment in developing nations. Greater availability of multiple sexual partners.

What important event occurred in 1951 that began to reorient American medical sociology toward the use of theory?

The publication of Parsons's The Social System.

Which component of social class is consistently the strongest single predictor of good health?

education

Susan is a white, middle-aged doctor who lives in an affluent neighborhood. Max is a young, African American lawyer living in a trendy loft district. What social variable are they most likely to share in common?

social class

Historically, many urban clinics providing treatment for the poor were established primarily as:

teaching facilities

People living in poverty have the greatest exposure to risk factors producing ill health. Which of the following is a risk factor that is influenced by socioeconomic circumstances?

physical, biological, psychological, and lifestyle