Medop 133 Chapter 14 test
A deficiency of dietary iodine
causes a goiter.
Excess secretion of epinephrine
elevates blood glucose levels.
Ketoacidosis is most related to
excess fatty acid catabolism.
Describes the bulging or protruding eyes that characterize hyperthyroidism:
exophthalmus
An excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal is known as
hirsutism.
Catecholamines
include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine.
Thyroxine
is T4.
Oxytocin
is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor.
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
is called a goiter
The adrenal medulla
is part of the fight-or-flight response.
The neurohypophysis
is the posterior pituitary gland.
The adrenal cortex
is the target gland of ACTH.
Cushing syndrome
may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy.
Iodine is
necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
Hormones bind to these special areas in the cell or on the surface of the cell membrane of the target tissue:
receptor(s)
The adenohypophysis
refers to the anterior pituitary gland.
T3, T4, and calcitonin are
secreted by the thyroid gland.
Lactogenic hormone
stimulates the mammary glands to make milk.
Describes a specific tissue or organ to which a hormone binds:
target tissue (organ)
As plasma levels of calcium decrease
the parathyroid glands secrete an osteoclastic hormone
Gland that plays an important role in immunity and shrinks after puberty:
thymus gland
Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?
Anterior pituitary gland
The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?
Negative feedback control
The bones, kidneys, and intestine are target organs of this calcium-regulator hormone.
PTH
This hormone stimulates osteoclastic activity, causing bone resorption
PTH
Which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels?
Pancreas
Which gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms?
Pineal gland
Why is the posterior pituitary gland called the neurohypophysis?
The posterior pituitary gland is an extension of the hypothalamus.
Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
are secreted by the gonads.
What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?
High plasma levels of glucose
Obesity
-antagonizes insulin -elevates blood glucose levels. -causes Na+ and water reabsorption, thereby increasing blood pressure
Growth hormone
-is secreted by the adenohypophysis. -stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system. -is also called somatotropic hormone
Posterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water:
ADH
Which gland is associated with "sugar, salt, and sex"?
Adrenal cortex
Which of the following is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?
Elevated plasma calcium level