Medsurg - Chapter 13: Fluid and Electrolytes: Balance and Disturbance

The nurse is instructing a patient with recurrent hyperkalemia about following a potassium-restricted diet. Which of the following patient statements indicates the need for additional instruction? a) "Bananas have a lot of potassium in them, I'll stop buying them." b) "I need to check if my cola beverage has potassium in it." c) "I will not salt my food, instead I'll use salt substitute." d) "I'll drink cranberry juice with my breakfast instead of coffee."

"I will not salt my food, instead I'll use salt substitute."

Which of the following is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia? a) IV drug use b) Alcoholism c) Sedentary lifestyle d) Burns

Alcoholism

Air embolism is a potential complication of IV therapy. The nurse should be alert to which clinical manifestation associated with air embolism? a) Hypertension b) Chest pain c) Slow pulse d) Jaundice

Chest pain

A client presents with anorexia, nausea and vomiting, deep bone pain, and constipation. The following are the client's laboratory values. Na + 130 mEq/L K + 4.6 mEq/L Cl - 94 mEq/L Mg ++ 2.8 mg/dL Ca ++ 13 mg/dL Which of the following alterations is consistent with the client's findings? a) Hyperkalemia b) Hyponatremia c) Hypermagnesemia d) Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia

Oral intake is controlled by the thirst center, located in which of the following cerebral areas? a) Hypothalamus b) Cerebellum c) Thalamus d) Brainstem

Hypothalamus

A client hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis. Which clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis? a) Nausea or vomiting b) Abdominal pain or diarrhea c) Hallucinations or tinnitus d) Light-headedness or paresthesia

Light-headedness or paresthesia

A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic with thirsty, dry, sticky mucous membranes, decreased urine output, fever, a rough tongue, and lethargy. Serum sodium level is above 145 mEq/L. Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client? a) No, sodium intake should be restricted. b) No, start with the sodium chloride IV. c) Yes, this will correct the sodium deficit. d) Yes, along with the hypotonic IV.

No, sodium intake should be restricted.

The calcium level of the blood is regulated by which mechanism? a) Parathyroid hormone (PTH) b) Androgens c) Adrenal gland d) Thyroid hormone (TH)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Patients diagnosed with hypervolemia should avoid sweet or dry food because a) it can cause dehydration. b) it obstructs water elimination. c) it increases the patient's desire to consume fluid. d) it can lead to weight gain.

it increases the patient's desire to consume fluid.