Membrane Structure/Function AP Bio
having similar__________________ would allow tissues and organs to be transplanted easily a) cell receptor proteins b) major histocompatibility complex proteins c) carbohydrate chains inside the cell membrane d) all of the choices are involved in tissue transplant
b
large cell products are secreted from the cell through a) facilitated transport b) exocytosis c) endocytosis d) cotransport
b
The salinity of a small inland lake has recently started to increase. Researchers are planning to study the lake over several decades to investigate how freshwater organisms survive significant changes in their natural habitat. Which of the following physiological mechanisms will the researchers most likely observe among the surviving organisms in the lake? a) prokaryotic organisms will use various mechanisms to counteract swelling of cells as a result of increased water uptake b) single-celled organisms will use various mechanisms to counteract the increased flow of water from cells to the environment c) eukaryotic organisms will use various mechanisms to counteract the diffusion of positively charged ions directly across the cell membrane d) multicellular organisms will use various mechanisms to counteract the loss of cell adhesion as a result of calcium deficiencies
B
A sample of human blood was placed in a test tube containing a physiological isotonic saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride). This type of solution is often used intravenously to quickly hydrate patients. A drop of the blood from the test tube was placed on a slide and red blood cells (RBC's) were observed under a micoscope. Which of the following best predicts which diagrammed microscope view the laboratory worker would see and best explains why? a) view 1 because RBC membranes are freely permeable to water b) view 2 because the RBCs use energy to allow sodium entry and to pump water out c) view 2 because the rate of water movement into the RBCs equals the rate of water movement out of the cells d) view 3 because the sodium potassium pumps in the RBC membranes use energy to keep the sodium out but allow water to freely flow into the cells
C
the figure below represents a generalized signal pathway in cells. based on this generalizing signaling pathway, which of the following statements are true a) step 1 involves the transport of the protein signal molecule into the cell b) step 3 is often referred to as a cascade of signals or changes and links the signal molecule to the cellular response c) all of these statements are false d) step 2 is the same for all signaling pathways
C
The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram below. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place? a) glucose is transported into the cell by active transport b) Na+ is transported into the cell by active transport c) the movement of glucose through the membrane requires ATP hydrolysis d) NA+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis
D
What do the three transport processes illustrated above have in common? a) they do not involve proteins b) require ATP c) molecules are moving against concentration gradient d) all are specific for the molecule or molecules that is/are being transported
D
if ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited? a) movement of oxygen into a cell b) movement of water through aquaporins c) facilitated diffusion d) passage of a solute against its concentration gradient
D
which is the best definition of active transport? a) movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration b) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration c) movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their lower concentration d) movement of a substance against its concentration gradient through the release of energy from ATP
D
which is the best definition of diffusion? a) movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low concentration b) movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration c) movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration d) movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from and area of low water concentration to an area of higher water concentration
b
Which of the following scientific questions is most relevant to the model represented in the figure below? a) is ATP required for the transportation of sugar across the outer mitochondrial membrane b) do the types of phospholipids in a membrane affect the rate at which molecules enter a cell by passive diffusion c) which molecular substance is actively transported across the plasma membrane d) how does temperature affect the movement of molecules into lysosomes
c
which of the following associations is correct ? a) adhesion junctions- form a channel between cells b) tight junctions- between cells with the same plasma membrane to create channels c) plasmodesmata- between adjacent plant cells to aid in exchange of materials d) gap junction- space between differing types of plasma membrane to prevent communication
c
which plasma membrane protein is correctly associated with its function ? a) carrier proteins; transport water molecules b) receptor proteins; enzyme that initiate a reaction c) channel protein; allows a specific molecule to pass d) ECM proteins; attachment site for cytoskeleton
c
the major functions of the plasma membrane include a) impermeable barrier for separation of the fluid environments inside and outside the cell b) production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall c) allowing all cells to survive in isolation d) recognition and communication between different cells and tissues
d