MEMORY TEST MOZ

Ivan's bank assigned him a personal identification number (PIN) of 8624 when he was first issued his credit card. Last week a different company bought out the credit card division and Ivan was issued a new PIN of 9317. If Ivan experiences proactive interference when he enters his PIN, you would expect that he will enter the digits

8624, his old PIN

After his car accident, Paul cannot make any new memories. In fact, to remember his daily activities Paul must write everything down. This is known as:

Anterograde amnesia

Which researcher is most associated with research about the misinformation effect?

Elizabeth Loftus

Which psychologist studied the forgetting curve, examining the rate of forgetting?

Hermann Ebbinghaus

The ability to transfer information about words, facts, and events (declarative information) from STM to LTM depends of activity in which part of the brain?

Hippocampus

The method of loci includes which of the following three steps?

Memorize visual sequence of places, create vivid associations, put associations into selected places

Even though Esmeralda was able to say all of her lines for the upcoming play without any errors in last night's rehearsal, her director insists that she run through them completely at least five additional times before opening night. In this case, the director is recommending that Esmeralda strengthen her memory of the lines using

Overlearning

Which of the following definitions reflect prospective memory?

Remembering to perform a task in the future

Because of state-dependent memory, which of the following is a likely effect of drinking caffeine while studying?

This habit will make it easier for you to recall the information studied when you drink caffeine again.

Miles has very vivid memories of a car accident he witnessed five years ago. When he closes his eyes and thinks about the accident, he feels as if he can recall every detail of it, right down to the brand name printed on the tires of one of the cars. This type of memory is called

a flashbulb memory.

Xavier was given a list of words as part of a memory test that included: dog, pail, and hate. Later, he recalled these words as: "log, whale, and late." Xavier's errors in recall suggest that he had encoded the original word list

acoustically

Mark is listening as his roommate lists 14 things that they need to buy for their apartment before the end of the week. Based on George Miller's research into the capacity of short-term memory, if Mark doesn't write the items down as he hears them, he is MOST likely to remember

between 5 and 9 items from the list

Jade rearranges the letters HI TRE DBA T into "hit red bat." This is an example of

chunking

Which of the following memory strategies might be the most effective if you are trying to memorize a list with more than 7 items?

chunking

The letters Y, M, O, M, R, E are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to spell the word "MEMORY." This provides an illustration of:

chunking.

An enhanced ability to retrieve information more quickly in an environment similar to the one in which you encoded the information is called:

context effect.

For a moment after hearing his dog's high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog's yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates ________ memory.

echoic

In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be

encoded.

Which of the following terms refers to not being able to retrieve information because the information never entered the memory system?

encoding failure

The three steps of the information processing model are:

encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Someone with damage to the hippocampus might have difficulty encoding what type of memory?

explicit

Semantic memory is to episodic memory as ________ is to _________.

general knowledge; personal experiences

The image that persists for about one-half second after being seen is a(n)

iconic.

Memories outside of conscious awareness are called

implicit memories.

Which of the following statements best defines the misinformation effect?

incorporating misleading information into a memory

You are involved in a car accident while leaving the school parking lot. When a friend tells the story later, she adds the idea that a teacher's car cut you off and caused the accident. When you tell the story later, you might incorporate the teacher's car into your story because of the:

misinformation effect.

The method of loci and the peg word system are both examples of:

mnemonic devices.

Proactive interference occurs when:

previously learned information interferes with our recall of information learned more recently.

Which type of retrieval occurs when we correctly identify presented information, such as on a multiple-choice test?

recognition

Sigmund Freud thought motivated forgetting moved memories into the unconscious mind through the process of:

repression.

If you move to a different town and the memory of your new address disrupts the recall of your previous address, what kind of memory disruption is occurring?

retroactive interference

Memorizing someone's name by associating his name with the name of someone you already know is an example of which semantic encoding technique?

self-reference effect

Several students are arguing over the actual year that the Berlin wall came down. Some of the students think it was in 1990, several think it was in 1991, and one student thinks it may have been 1988. Seth confidently tells them it was in November 1989, because it came down the same week he won a statewide spelling bee. The fact that Seth is able to accurately recall the date illustrates the impact of

self-reference encoding.

Which level of processing should result in the longest lasting memory codes?

semantic encoding

"The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory.

short-term

After having seen many pictures of the Lincoln Monument during his lifetime, Mr. Adams mistakenly recalled that he had actually visited the site. This best illustrates:

source amnesia.

Which of the following best describes long-term potentiation?

strengthened synaptic connections between neurons

An attorney uses misleading questions in an attempt to distort a court witness' recall of a previously observed crime. This best illustrates:

the misinformation effect.

Kathy performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as:

the spacing effect.

Adan has been trying to recall the name of the musical artist who released the song that was #1 when he was 14. Adan feels somewhat frustrated because he is certain he knows the artist's name, but he just can't seem to recall it at this moment. Adan is experiencing something referred to as

the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Ebbinghaus' original forgetting curves, which graphed his retention over time, suggested that MOST forgetting occurs

very rapidly after learning something