Metabolism connect review

Arrange the following electron acceptors in the proper order in which they participate in electron transport (1) cytochrome C (2) oxygen (3) cytochrome C oxidase

1, 3, 2

How many ATP and NADH are produced by glycolysis of one glucose molecule

2 ATP and 2 NADH

The net result of a single glycolysis run is the formation of

2 NADH and 2 ATP

Each NADH molecule fed into the electron transport chain produces ___ ATPs

3

Arrange the following events so that the indicate a possible metabolite sequence the body might use to interconvert a protein to a fat 1. glycerol and three fatty acids combine to form triglycerides 2. Fatty acids are formed from acetyl CoA 3. Protein is digested to release amino acids 4. Amino acids are converted to acetyl CoA

3,4,2,1

Aerobic respiration can produce around _______ ATP per glucose molecule and lactic acid fermentation produces _______ ATP.

36; 2

During the steps of glycolysis ______ ATPs, ________ NADHs, and ________ molecules of pyruvate are produced

4;2;2

Water soluble vitamins include

B vitamins and vitamin C

Essential nutrients

Cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body

A food that contains all nine essential amino acids is called an

Complete protein

The process that uses amino acids and glycrol to form glucose is

Gluconeogenisis

During the postabsorptive state, the first choice of glucose is

Glycogen

Transamination

Involves removing an amine group from an amino acid

When glucose is metabolized in the absence of oxygen, one of the end products is

Lactic acid

The transformation of acetyl-CoA to free fatty acids is a process called

Lipogenisis

Acetyl CoA

Might be used in ketogensis

The electrons that are transferred through the electron transport system initially belong to

NADH and FADH2

The yield of ATP in aerobic respiration is usually lower than the theoretical 36 molecules due to all the following, except

Production of lactic acid

The electron transport chain

Results in the formation of ATP

Which class of nutrients do we require the least of

Vitamins

Proteins regulate the acid-base balance of blood by

acting as buffers

One difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration is that

aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration

The production of protein by cells is an example of

anabolism

What is the measurement of the energy content of food

calories

Fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in large doses because they

can be stored and accumulate in body tissues

Starches and sugars are examples of

carbohydrates

Which of the following are energy nutrients

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

The mitochondrion is the site of

citric acid cycle and electron transport chain

Where does glycolysis take place

cytoplasm of the cell

The primary source of energy for most cells is

glucose

Which of the following events takes place during the absorptive state

glucose is converted into energy, glycogen, or fats

Glycolysis is best defined as the breakdown of

glucose to two molecules of pyruvic acid

Excess glucose in animals is stored as

glycogen

When excess glucose is present it is used to form glycogen through a process called

glycogenesis

Which of the following is an example of catabolism

glycolysis

Which of the following is the correct sequence

glycolysis, acetyl-CoA formation, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

The movement of protons through ATP synthase occurs from the

intermembrane space to the matrix.

Which of the following minerals is part of the hemoglobin molecule

iron

Under anaerobic conditions the end product of glycolysis is converted to

lactic acid

The formation of triglycerides is called

lipogenesis

Which of the following organs can store glycogen

liver and muscles

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body is known as

metabolism

Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood stream as

monosaccharides

Which of the following steps in glycolysis occurs last

production of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvic acid

Each complex in the electron transport chain collectively acts as a _________ pump that removes H+ from the mitochondrial matrix and pumps it into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes

proton

In glycolysis glucose is converted to

pyruvate

Excess triglycerides are stored in adipose tissue. Adipose tissue functions

to assist the body in temperature homeostasis pads and protects energy storage insulates (all of the above)

A compound composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule would be

triglyceride

A food guide pyramid suggests that

your diet should contain a variety of foods