MGB 301 Chapter 3

Which of the following answer choices is the best definition of attitude? A) Attitudes indicate how one will react to a given event. B) Attitudes are the yardstick by which one measures ones actions. C) Attitudes are the emotional part of an evaluation of a person, object, or event. D) Attitudes are evaluative statements of what one believes about something or someone. E) Attitudes are a measure of how the worth of an object, person or event is evaluated.

Attitudes are evaluative statements of what one believes about something or someone. Attitudes are defined as evaluative statements, either favorable or unfavorable, about objects, people, or events. Although attitudes can indicate how people will react and behave, this is not the definition encompassing all attitudes. Emotion and evaluation are facets of types of attitudes.

The belief that "violence is wrong" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

Cognitive The cognitive component of an attitude is a description of, or belief in the way things are, which is exemplified in the statement "violence is wrong". The affective component of an attitude reveals the emotional reaction, and the behavioral component is how someone behaves toward someone or something. There are no components of attitude called reflective or reactive inOB

Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have been working for Davidson International each for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead, while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions, although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. When Thad complained about not getting a raise, he was experiencing which attitude? A) cognitive B) affective C) behavioral D) negative E) dissonance

Cognitive Although his feeling that he was slighted was cognitive, his expression of his feelings is affective.

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) values clarification E) affective reactance

Cognitive dissonance Cognitive dissonance is defined as any incompatibility an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. Organizational dissonance, attitudinal clarification, values clarification, and affective reactance are not types of attitude or behavior in OB.

Jo is a courier delivering parcels throughout the metropolitan area. Although she considers herself law abiding, she often breaks the speed limit while making her deliveries. Which of the following statements does not reflect a likely response to the conflict between her attitude and her behavior? A) "It's not a problem that I speed a little bit; it's not much over the limit, and everyone else speeds some." B) "The speed limits are just too low around here; anyone driving at a reasonable speed will break them." C) "This speeding is irresponsible. From now on I am observing the speed limits." D) "I've got to drive fast sometimes, otherwise I will not make all my deliveries and I'll lose clients." E) "It's wrong to break even minor laws, but I'll probably keep speeding anyway."

E Jo seeing speeding as wrong and not providing a reason to continue does not logically fit into a method of reducing cognitive dissonance. Jo is able to justify her speeding just a little bit and still feel comfortable. Jo justifies her speeding because the limits are too low. Jo's cognitive dissonance is too strong, so she quits speeding. Jo reduces the dissonance by rationalizing her need to speed.

Employees who have ________ were found to have improved attitudes once they talked about their experiences with their coworkers. A) simple work tasks B) emotionally-challenging work events C) traumatic personal life events D) sexual harassment experiences E) poor performance reviews

Emotionally-challenging work events The attitudes of employees who had emotionally challenging work events improved after they talked about their experiences with coworkers. Social sharing helped these workers adjust their attitudes to behavioral expectations.

The intent to act in a certain way is the affective component of an attitude.

False The affective component is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude. An intent to act in a certain way is the behavioral component of an attitude.

The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by

Leon Festinger

The emotional or feeling component of a person's attitude is called ________.

The affective component. Affect is the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude and is called the affective component. Description of or belief in the way things are is the cognitive component of attitude. The intention to behave in a certain way toward something describes the behavior component of attitude. Complex understanding and a complex attitude are not components of attitude as defined in OB.

Attitudes are evaluative statements.

True Attitudes in OB are defined as evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events.

There are three components of an attitude: cognition, affect, and behavior.

True Typically, researchers have assumed that attitudes have three components: cognition, affect, and behavior.

Which of the following is an example of an affective attitude? A) believing that you did a good job B) the observation that most dogs have four legs C) the opinion that it is never acceptable to steal D) anger at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing E) the avoidance of a restaurant where one once received bad service

anger at being unfairly accused of a wrong doing Affective attitudes reveal emotion, such as anger. Belief and opinions are examples of cognitive or evaluative attitudes. Observation and avoidance are behaviors and are facets of behavioral attitudes.

Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________.

attitudes; behavior

"Dissonance" means ________.

inconsistency Cognitive dissonance is defined as any incompatibility, or inconsistency, an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. Reactance is an emotional reaction to pressure. Constancy and consistency is to continue and not interrupt. Resistance is to avoid.

Janice is spending the summer working as an intern writing copy for a local firm. Today Janice's senior editor sent back some of Janice's work covered in red ink corrections. Up until now, all of Janice's work had been corrected in green or blue ink. Janice is upset and worried that her senior editor doesn't like her. Which component of an attitude is not represented in the previous scenario? A) the positive component B) the cognitive component C) the affective component D) the negative component E) the behavioral component

the behavioral component -In the example, Janice does not take action. Therefore, she does not demonstrate the behavioral component of an attitude. Janice believes that her senior editor doesn't like her. This judgment, or evaluation, demonstrates the cognitive component of an attitude. Janice is upset. She has had an emotional reaction to the red ink on her work, which represents the affective component of an attitude. Although an attitude can be positive or negative, these are not considered components of an attitude as defined in OB.