MGIS Exam 3 Study Guide
CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing Test)
A test to tell people from computers
SWOT Analysis
Evaluates the impact of each possible strategic opportunity. Strengths= Core competencies and resources Weaknesses= Areas of sub stranded performance Opportunities= Potential for new markets or innovation Threats= Potential for losses
What are examples of privacy laws?
HIPAA= Health related privacy laws Sarbanes-Oxley= Standards for publicly held firms
What are the limitations of an Expert System?
Limited focus, inability to learn, cost
Knowledge Engineering
A knowledge engineer is the specialist who works with the expert to build an Expert System
The Systems Development Life Cycle
A multistep, iterative process to designing systems, very popular. 5 phases: Investigation Analysts Design Implementation Maintenance
What is a project?
A set of activities with a beginning and an end, has goals and tasks, may have contraints
Goal of Security Management
Accuracy, integrity, and safety of all information processes and resources
Cyber-Warfare
Actions by a nation-state to cause damage or disruption to another nation-state
Adware Vs. Spyware
Adware= Allows internet advertisers to display ads without the consent of the user Spyware= Uses the network connection without the user's knowledge or permission, collects and distributes information about the user
Human Factors Feasibility
Assess the degree of approval/resistance to the new system
Information Technology Architecture
Blueprint that contains: Technology Platform= Complete infrastructure supporting strategic use of IT for e-commerce and business/IT apps Data Resources= Databases and data warehouses Application Architecture= Business Apps IT Organization= Organizational structure of the IS function within a firm
Strategic Development
Business strategies that support a firm's business vision
What are the benefits of an Expert System?
Captures expertise of a specialist in a limited problem domain
Cyber-terrorism
Causing physical, real-world harm or severe disruption of infrastructure
What-If Analysis
Change variables and relationships among variable to see changing outcomes
What are the 3 domains of Artificial Intelligence?
Cognitive Science= how humans think and learn Robotics= machines with intelligence and human-like physical capabilities Natural Interfaces= speaking to a computer in a normal voice
Optimization Analysis
Complex goal-seeking; finding the optimal value for a target variable
MBA Applications
Cross selling= offer associated items to that being purchased Product Placement=related items physically near each other Affinity Promotion= promotions based on related products Surgery Analysis= useful to analyze questionnaire data Customer Behavior= associate purchases with demographic and socioeconomic data
Global IT challenges
Cultural= Differences in language, religion, customs, and attitudes Political= Laws are different in each country Geoeconomic= Dealing with the realities of geography and economics
DSS Components
DSS relies on model bases as well as data bases
Expert System Applications
Decision Management= consider alternatives, recommendation Diagnostics/Troubleshooting= infer causes from symptoms Design/Configurations= help configure equipment components Selection/Classification= help users choose products/processes Process Monitoring/Control= monitor/control procedures/processes
Technical Feasibility
Degree to which current technical resources can be applied to the new system
Ergonomics
Designing healthy work environments that are safe and comfortable
Knowledge Uncertainties
Elements we consider uncertain or unknowable
Inter-Networked Security Defenses
Encryption= Using a mathematical algorithm to encode a message before transmission and descramble it for reception Firewalls= A hardware or software gatekeeper that keeps unauthorized transmissions out of a system Denial of Service Attacks= Using zombie/slave computers to overload another system with large volumes of service requests E-mail Monitoring= Firms watch employees use of email
Post implementation review
Ensure the new system meets established business objectives
Strategic Management
Executive level, long range plans, organizational goals and policies, and objectives.
Product and Service Transformation
Extensively networked internally and externally
Geographic Information System
Facilitates use of data associated with geophysical location
Global Market Penetration
High external connectivity and use of IT
Performance Improvement in Business Effectiveness
High internal but low external connectivity, need to improve collaboration
Feasibility Studies
Identify needs, resources, costs benefits
Turing Test
If a human communicates with a computer and does not know it is a computer, the computer is exhibiting artificial intelligence
Business Intelligence (BI)
Improving business decision making using fact based support systems (PLANNING)
The process of Project Management
Initiation and defining= State the problem an identify objectives and resources, explore costs/benefits Planning= identify and sequence objectives/activites Executing= Put plans into motion Controlling= Ensure project objectives and deadlines are met Closing= Install deliverables, release resources, end the project
Business Analytics (BA)
Iterative exploration of a firm's historical performance to improve the strategic planning process (LONG TERM)
Slicing and Dicing
Looking at a database from different viewpoints
Cost and Efficiency Improvements
Low internal/external connectivity and low use of IT
System Maintenance
Making Changes to the system: Corrective= Fix Errors Adaptive= Adding new functionality Perfective= Improve performance Preventative= Reduce chances of future system failure
Cyber Theft
Many computer crimes involve theft of money; many firms do not reveal that they've been victims due to bad publicity
Balanced Scorecard
Measuring a company's activities in terms of its visions and strategies; not based on proven economic theory or decision sciences
Tactical Management
Mid-level management, medium and short range plans to support objectives made by executives, and allocation of resources and performance monitoring of organizational subunits
Market Basket Analysis (MBA)
One of the most common and useful types of data mining.
Management Reporting Alternatives -- MIS reports:
Periodic Scheduled Reports -- supplied on a regular basis (weekly payroll, cash burn rate) Exception Reports -- created only when something out of the ordinary happen (something breaks) Demand Reports and Responses -- available when requested Push Reporting -- reports sent without being requested (periodic schedule reports)
Outsourcing
Purchasing products/services that were previously provided internally; 5 main reasons: Save Money Focus on Core Competencies Achieve Flexible Staffing Levels Gain Access to Global Resources Decrease Time to Market
Data Visualization System
Represent complex data using interactive 3-D models, asset in discovery of patterns, links and anomalies
Goal-seeking Analysis
Reverse of what-if; changing variables to reach a target goal of variables (Example calculating GPA)
What is the number one problem with e-commerce?
Security; the internet was developed for interoperability not impenetrability
Spamming Vs. Flaming
Spamming= Indiscriminate sending of unsolicited email Flaming= extremely critical, derogatory, vulgar email
Sensitivity Analysis
Special case of what-if; change one variable at a time to see the effect on a pre-specified value
What is the goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Stimulate the ability to think --- reasoning, learning, problem solving
Technology Architecture
Strategic IT choices reflecting an IT architecture that supports a firm's e-business and other IT initiatives.
Resource Management
Strategic plans for managing or outsourcing a firm's IT resources
Economic Feasibility
The extent to which the proposed system will provide positive economic benefits to the organization.
OLAP Examples
The real power of OLAP is the combining of data and models on a large scale, allowing solution of complex problems
Knowledge Trends
Things we think we know something about
What are the 4 information qualities?
Timeliness- was information present when needed Accuracy- was the information correct & error free Completeness- was all the needed information there Relevance- was the information related to the situation
What are the three decision structures?
Unstructured - executive level, infrequent, little information available Semistructured - managerial level (most business decisions are here), not as frequent, less info is available Structured - Operational level, occur frequently, much information available
Enterprise Information Portals (EIP)
Web-based interface with integration of MIS, DSS, EIS, etc., to give intranet/extranet users access to a variety of applications and services
Operational Feasibility
Will the proposed system fit existing business environment and objectives?
Drill Down
displaying details that comprise the consolidated data
Operational Management
short range plans, day-to-day operations, direct the use of resources and performances of tasks