MGMT 3000 Exam 3 Study Guide

Which of the following statements regarding the final stage of planned change is INCORRECT?

Declare victory early in making the change and get into a routine.

In comparing Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to Alderfer's ERG theory

ERG theory recognizes more than one need may operate at one time.

All of the following would freeze a conversation EXCEPT

You are very skilled at that.

Conflict is

a process that involves people disagreeing.

Research has found all of the Big 5 personality traits to be related to leader emergence and leader effectiveness EXCEPT

agreeableness

An external communication that combines the look of an article with the focused message of an ad is

an advertorial.

Downward influence is best achieved through

an inspiring vision.

Research on performance incentives suggest all of the following EXCEPT

employees report lower levels of pay satisfaction under pay-for-performance systems.

Research findings of leader behaviors suggest

extremely high levels of leader task-oriented behaviors may lead to burnout in employees.

Task-oriented behaviors are also called

initiating structure

The value of the resource is

its importance.

The leadership decision tree

leads to the determination of how much involvement leaders should seek in making decisions.

Power that comes from one's organizational role or position is

legitimate power.

Which one of the following traits is NOT a tool that transformational leaders use to influence employees and create commitment to the company goals?

management by exception

All of the following statements regarding resistance to change are correct EXCEPT

when people react negatively to change, they experience negative emotions, but are no more likely to leave the firm than they would be in a firm that was not undergoing organizational change.

All of the statements regarding workplace demographics and their impact on change are correct EXCEPT an older workforce

will likely cause flexible work hours and job sharing to diminish as older people like the structure of set hours of work.

A memo is an example of

written communication.

If you dislike working with a person and do not care for them on a personal level either,

you would have a low least preferred coworker score.

Which of the following statements regarding the Asch studies is INCORRECT?

A dissenting minority response caused the participants to give the correct answer only if that minority also gave the right answer.

Which of the following statements is true?

A need for power can have an altruistic form.

Which of the following statements regarding leader-member exchange relationships is INCORRECT?

All employees would like to have a positive relationship with their leader.

Research on communication indicates all of the following EXCEPT

Although good communication helps retain effective performers, it does not increase a firm's market share.

Which of the following statements regarding antecedents of political behavior is INCORRECT?

Authoritarian decision making leads to more political behavior in the organization.

Match each of the following styles for handling conflict with its definition:

Avoiding: People exhibiting this style seek to avoid conflict altogether. Accommodating: In this style, the person gives in to what the other side wants. Compromise: A middle-ground style Competition: Reaching one's goal regardless of what others feel. Collaboration: Finding a win-win solution

If there is conflict between two members of a team and the underlying reason for the conflict is personality differences, what is a viable way of managing the organizational conflict?

Change the composition of the team by separating the individuals at odds.

Which of the following statements is true about the manner in which managers can influence the perceptions of expectancy theory?

Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what they consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Conflict: A process that involved people disagreeing Interpersonal Conflict: Conflict among individuals Intergroup Conflict: Conflict that takes place among different groups.

Analyzing Trader Joe's success using Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation would suggest that

Contextual, content, and growth needs factors all help to contribute to Trader Joe's success.

How could a firm best satisfy an employee's safety needs?

Create a job security clause in the employment contract.

Which of the following statements regarding the second stage of planned change is INCORRECT?

Create big wins because people need to see that things are happening.

Which of the following statements regarding overcoming resistance to your proposals is INCORRECT?

Do not listen to naysayers.

Which of the following is a need based theory of motivation?

ERG theory.

All of the following statements regarding negotiations around the world are correct EXCEPT

Eastern cultures tend view negotiations as a business activity while Western cultures see it as a social activity.

Research on decision-making styles finds

Employees care more about the overall participativeness of the organizational climate than involvement in every single decision.

Employees with more complete information are no more committed to the change effort than those who have less than complete information.

False

People do not welcome change whether it is favorable or not to them.

False

Resistance to change is never a positive force for an organization.

False

Research on Fiedler's Contingency Theory indicates which of the following?

Fiedler's theory is important because it recognizes the importance of the leadership context.

Which of the following statements related to the unfreezing stage of planned change is INCORRECT?

Get everyone on board as soon as the change is initiated.

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about leader-member exchange (LMX) theory?

High LMX relationships involve an active dislike between the leader and member.

Which of the following statements regarding House's path-goal theory of leadership is INCORRECT?

House's path-goal theory of motivation is based upon the equity theory of motivation.

Which of the following statements regarding power distribution research is INCORRECT?

In comparing rankings given to managers with regard to their influence, there was general agreement on the top five but no agreement on the bottom five.

Which of the following statements regarding the positive and negative consequences of power is INCORRECT?

Individuals are often quick to question the actions of those in power.

Research indicates which of the following findings regarding negotiations is correct?

Individuals who were unable to negotiate a deal in previous negotiation situations tended to have lower outcomes in subsequent negotiations than those who had initially negotiated deals in the past.

Which of the following statements regarding self-esteem and leadership is INCORRECT?

Leaders with high self esteem punish their subordinates less effectively, when such punishment is due, than do leaders with lower self esteem.

Which of the following statements regarding factors of change in the organization is INCORRECT?

Manufacturing jobs have been outsourced, but knowledge-based jobs are largely safe from such movement.

Which of the following need-based theories has received the greatest amount of support?

McClelland's acquired needs theory

Which of the following statements regarding performance and organizational change is INCORRECT?

More successful firms find it easier to change than those performing poorly.

Which of the following statements regarding intelligence is INCORRECT?

One's intelligence is the strongest predictor of leadership performance.

Which of the following statements regarding change is INCORRECT?

Organizational change takes only a few forms.

_______________ power is more effective than formal power bases and is positively related to employee performance and organizational commitment.

Referent

When organizational behavior modification is used to examine employee absenteeism, which step looks at why employees are absent?

Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes.

Which of the following statements regarding the Zimbardo study is correct?

The Zimbardo study was ended early due to the participant's deep entrenchment of the roles.

In which of the following scenarios are you most likely to experience conflict?

The firm just instituted a matrix structure

Which of the following is correct regarding aspects of the relationship between dependency and power?

The more dependent you are on another, the less power you have.

Which of the following statements regarding the Milgram experiment on conformity to authority is correct?

The researcher/experimenter's role was very important in obtaining group compliance with the experiment procedures/guidelines.

In which of the following scenarios would you expect high performance?

The team members seem to get along well enough, but on occasion they will argue about a number of issues.

Which of the statements regarding research on House's path-goal theory is correct?

The theory's greatest contribution is the importance of the leader's ability to change styles depending on the circumstances.

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of authentic leaders?

They have no set priorities.

___________ leaders lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leader's goals.

Transformational

Almost all managers surveyed suggest workplace politics exist in their organizations and that to be successful individuals must engage in politics.

True

Culture and reputation costs are intangible costs associated with any form of control.

True

Organizational change can be either radical or incremental.

True

Surveys indicate that resistance to change is one of the top two reasons why change efforts within organizations fail.

True

Those employees who feel they can perform well under a new system will be more committed to change.

True

Which of the following statements regarding upward influence is INCORRECT?

While helping higher-ups be more effective can help employees gain more power for themselves, there is no gain for those same employees from allowing those below to influence them.

Which of the following statements regarding impression management is INCORRECT?

While it is possible to manage others' impressions of you, it is not important because in the end you are who you are

Men and women tend to differ in their communication styles. Which of the following statements regarding those differences is correct?

Women focus on intuition in communicating; men on data.

All of the following statements are correct with regard to determining your BATNA EXCEPT

You must determine your own BATNA but there is little you can do with regard to the BATNA of the party with whom you are negotiating.

External communication about a client's product or service created for specific receivers is

a press release

Intrapersonal conflict is

a type of conflict that arises when a person is uncertain about what is expected or wanted or has a sense of being inadequate to the task.

The most negative reaction to a proposed change attempt is

active resistance.

An example of a crucial conversation is

asking for a raise

Which of the following is NOT a stage of Lewin's model of planned change?

assess

Alderfer's theory of motivation does all of the following EXCEPT

assume needs are hierarchically-based

Maslow's social needs could be satisfied by

attending a department picnic after work.

When leaders make decisions alone without involving employees in the decision making process, they are using

authoritarian decision making.

The trait approach to leadership examines all of the following factors EXCEPT

behaviors.

Openness is

being curious, original, intellectual, creative and receptive to new ideas.

Extraversion is

being outgoing, talkative, sociable, and enjoying social situations.

When well-designed, organizational controls can provide benefits such as

better ability to manage uncertainty and complexity.

All of the following would be effective means of stimulating conflict EXCEPT

building clarity into the situation.

Listening

can be demonstrated to the sender by nonverbal signals like the nod of a head.

The ability to attract others, win their admiration, and hold them spellbound is

charisma.

When a target agrees to a request and actively supports it, the target's response is

commitment.

All of the following are aspects of crucial conversations EXCEPT

communications experts suggest using "but" not "and" in crucial conversations.

People's tendencies to behave consistently with social norms is

conformity.

Being organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented and dependable are characteristics of the personality trait

conscientiousness.

People-oriented behaviors are also called

consideration.

To influence instrumentality, managers can

consistently reward high performers.

The influence tactic that works most effectively in organizations that value democratic decision making is

consultation.

When reinforcers follow all examples of positive behavior you are using a __________ ___________ of reinforcement.

continuous schedule

Communication fulfills all of the following organizational functions EXCEPT

control.

The ability to influence those in positions lower than yours is

downward influence.

All of the following statements regarding organizational politics are correct EXCEPT

effective politics is all about winning at all costs.

Maslow's theory of motivation suggests

employee needs are ordered.

Research on employee perception of organizational politics finds all of the following if employees think that their organization is overly driven by politics, EXCEPT

employees have lower job satisfaction, but are no less committed to the organization.

In democratic decision making

employees participate in the making of the decision.

In the communication process model, the task of translating an idea into words is called

encoding

Alderfer's growth needs correspond to Maslow's

esteem needs.

All of the following are organizational antecedents of political behavior EXCEPT

expectations of success.

Access to specific knowledge or skills is _______________ power.

expert

Power that comes from knowledge and skill is

expert power.

The Big 5 personality trait ___________ has the strongest relationship to both leader emergence and leader effectiveness.

extraversion

If leader-subordinate relations are good, position power is high and task is structured, the situation would be categorized as

favorable.

Servant leaders

feel an obligation to their employees, customers and the larger community.

People resist change for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

feelings of certainty.

All of the following are rules for active listening EXCEPT

find areas of agreement with the speaker.

Maslow's physiological needs may be satisfied by:

food.

Research shows that when confronted with a conflict situation, subordinates are most likely to use all of the following conflict handling styles EXCEPT

forcing

Research shows that when managers are dealing with conflict they prefer which conflict handling style?

forcing

In situations of medium favorableness,

high LPC leaders are effective.

The simple premise of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is

human beings have needs that are hierarchically ranked.

The first step of an organizational behavior modification program is

identify behavior to be modified.

Negative reinforcement

increases the desired behavior.

Positive reinforcement

increases the desired behavior.

Attempting to get others to do what we want is

influence.

Effective managers tend to use more

information-rich channels.

Using different forms of making others feel good about themselves is the influence tactic of

ingratiation.

All of the following are examples of the Big 5 Personality traits EXCEPT

intelligence.

Which of the following is not an aspect of the verbal strategy of impression management?

intent of your speech

Conflict between two individuals such as coworkers is

interpersonal conflict.

Servant leadership

is a leadership approach that defines the leader's role as serving the needs of others.

A piece rate system

is a program where employees are paid on the basis of individual output produced.

Research suggests all of the following are outcomes of impression management EXCEPT impression management

is less influential in unstructured interviews than structured interviews.

Coercive power

is the ability to take something away or punish someone for noncompliance.

Communication that is asynchronous

is written by the sender and can be read any time by the receiver.

Research on procedural justice suggests

it is best to be consistent in the manner in which employees are disciplined for violating company policy for situations like cell phone usage.

Research on effective teams indicates that they experience

moderate levels of task conflict in the middle of the project timeline.

Situational favorableness includes all of the following conditions EXCEPT

motivation level.

Your posture, hand gestures, and eye contact are all examples of what aspect of impression management?

nonverbal

Information-rich channels convey more

nonverbal information.

Intergroup conflict

occurs between two departments.

Communication usually travels diagonally to

other departments.

Leaders who ensure their employees take part in decision making have a(n) _________________ leadership style.

participative

Being disturbed by changes without voicing your opinion is

passive resistance.

Servant leadership has an explicit focus on all of the following factors EXCEPT

paternalism

Which of the following statements regarding reasons employees resist change is correct?

people resist change that negatively impacts their influence and power in the firm.

All of the following statements regarding reasons employees resist change are correct EXCEPT

people with a negative self-concept view change as an opportunity.

Which of the following is NOT an impression management category that an individual can use to accomplish the outcomes desired?

personality

The ability to influence the behavior of others to get what you want is

power.

During which phase of the negotiation process does an individual assemble the information gathered in such a manner that his position is supported?

presentation

All of the following are actions those who perceive inequity can undertake to "balance the scales" EXCEPT

produce higher quality work.

One way to satisfy self-actualization needs is to

pursue a master's degree through a company's tuition reimbursement program.

Political behaviors in organizations include all of the following EXCEPT

rational decision making.

According to surveys, the most frequently used influence tactic is

rational persuasion.

Authentic leadership

refers to effective leaders who stay true to themselves.

Ensuring that change becomes permanent and the new procedures become the norm is what stage of Lewin's model of planned change?

refreeze

A communication receiver who is preparing his comment or answer and not really listening to the sender is

rehearsing.

Maslow's theory of motivation is criticized because

research does not support the argument that satisfied needs no longer motivate behavior.

When the influence target does not wish to comply with the request and either passively or actively repels the influence attempt, they are exhibiting

resistance.

The ability to grant an increase in pay, a perk, or an attractive job assignment is ___________ power.

reward

Expectancy theory suggests individuals are motivated when all of the following conditions are met EXCEPT

rewards lead to high performance.

All of the following are individual antecedents of political behavior EXCEPT

role ambiguity.

All of the following are examples of intrapersonal conflict EXCEPT

role reversal.

Alderfer's existence needs correspond to Maslow's

safety needs.

Which of the following is a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory of motivation?

salary.

An achievement-oriented leader

sets goals for employees and encourages them to reach their goals.

The collaborative work environment at Trader Joe's satisfies which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

social

Referent power

stems from the personal characteristics of the person such as the degree to which we respect and want to be like them.

With the scorecard and strategy map in hand, managers break broad goals down into

strategies.

Research on the direction of influence and the effectiveness of various influence techniques indicates all of the following EXCEPT

subordinate use of assertiveness and rationality as influence tactics lead to negative outcomes.

Recent surveys indicate that managers spend a majority of their time communicating with what group?

subordinates

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation

suggests once basic needs are satisfied, higher order needs become motivators.

If jobs are boring and repetitive or tasks are stressful, the ________ style of leadership is most effective.

supportive

All of the following factors are important when unfreezing for planned change EXCEPT

taking things slowly; do not suggest a crisis is imminent

Active listening involves

taking time to understand the points being made.

The two broad categories of leader behaviors are

task-oriented and people-oriented structures.

In expectancy theory, valence is

the anticipated satisfaction that will result from an outcome.

Interactional justice is

the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness and dignity in interpersonal interactions.

Esteem needs are

the desire to feel important.

The relationship between dependency and power suggests

the more unique your resource, the more power you will have.

A mediator should enter a negotiation when

the parties are unable to find a solution.

Mediation is

the process where a third party enters the situation with the goal of assisting the parties to reach an agreement.

Negotiation is

the process whereby two or more parties work toward an agreement.

All of the following are criticisms of Herzberg's theory of motivation EXCEPT

the theory suggests that improving the environment only goes so far in motivating employees.

The earliest approach to the study of leadership was

the trait approach.

Research on equity theory suggests

those who feel over-rewarded experience little distress over the situation.

Research on transformational and transactional leadership shows all of the following EXCEPT

transactional leaders increase the intrinsic motivation of their followers.

Most research on leadership has been conducted on which of the following contingency theories of leadership?

transformational leadership theory

People-oriented behaviors include

treating employees with respect.

The key factor in the effectiveness of transformational leadership is

trust

If leader-subordinate relations are poor, position power is low, and task is unstructure, the situation would be categorized as

unfavorable.

Making sure that organizational members are ready for and receptive to change is what step of the Lewin model?

unfreeze

What is the first step in Lewin's model of planned change?

unfreeze

Individuals with a high need for affiliation

want to be accepted by others.