MGMT 309 Exam 4 (Pt 1)

Which of the following is the cycle of the stress process? a. General Adaptation Syndrome b. Selective perception c. Stressor Adaptive Syndrome d. Negative affectivity

a. General Adaptation Syndrome

Donald Trump has to be in charge. When his assistant Carolyn started doing interviews and even writing a book about management, he fired her. affiliation power achievement expectancy goal setting

power

what are the big 5 personality traits

Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Negative emotionality, extraversion, Openness

Organizations may offer executives rewards that include high salaries, memberships in private clubs, and access to recreational facilities. Some CEOs earn millions more per year than other employees at the same company. Which statement best explains why executive compensation is so different than that of other employees? Employee satisfaction tends to be highest a companies in which the top executives earn the most. Executives have more education than other employees. Executive turnover is lowest at companies with high levels of executive compensation. Executives are ultimately responsible for the organization's success and therefore should be entitled to rewards.

Executives are ultimately responsible for the organization's success and therefore should be entitled to rewards.

3M wants to manage processes such as accounting more efficiently. If you were the chief financial officer, what type of group would you form to address this ongoing need? Interest Functional Task Informal

Functional

At ACME Fireworks, all of the employees in the company get a raise when company profits are 10% higher than the profits from the preceding year. This type of reward system is known as: Lump-sum bonuses Employee stock options Gainsharing Pay for knowledge

Gainsharing

If Charles wants to use a positive reinforcement technique, which of the following should Charles do? Pay no attention to Dina Stop nagging Dina. Give instructions to Dina. Give Dina a bonus.

Give Dina a bonus.

You are discussing work with one of your employees, Brent. You want to offer him words of encouragement that reflect the affective component of an attitude. What should you say to Brent? If you keep up this level of performance, I may award you a promotion by year end. Your education helps you service the clients effectively. The company provides annual bonuses to employees who meet performance goals. I'm so happy with your performance this quarter!

I'm so happy with your performance this quarter!

People who have a strong internal locus of control do well In jobs that link rewards to work outcomes In jobs such as sales, where success depends on the actions of others In situations that require them to conform to the instructions and orders of another person In situations that they cannot control

In jobs that link rewards to work outcomes

Luckily, you are charismatic with just the right tolerance for risk taking. Which approach to negotiation might be best for you? Game theory Situational characteristics Individual differences Cognitive approach

Individual differences relies on the personality traits of the negotiators. Traits might include demographic characteristics and personality variables.

Salesforce is a large company, and with so many employees, people often find that their coworkers share an interest in their hobbies. A group of golfing enthusiasts decide to set up a putting green near the work site. What type of group is this? Functional Virtual Interest Task

Interest

If your group is experiencing a source of conflict and you wish to approach the resolution of that conflict in a confrontational manner, which conflict resolution approach would you use? Avoidance Smoothing Compromise Interpersonal problem solving

Interpersonal problem solving

Managers at Lincoln Electric set annual performance goals for each employee. At the end of the year, managers determine pay increases based on each employee's achievement of those goals. This is an example of: Pay for knowledge Gainsharing Employee stock options Merit pay

Merit pay

Acer CEO Gianfranco Lanci resigned after several months of conflict with the Acer board of directors. After so much conflict, the CEO and board members simply can't trust each other. Which form of conflict has evolved? Personality clash Interorganizational conflict Role conflict Intergroup conflict

Personality clash

Your team has been working intensely for months now. You are proud of your team's performance and you realize that some stress can be beneficial for performance. Still, you also know from your management course that the General Adaptation Syndrome warns that burnout can occur in one of its phases. In which phase would your team be at risk for burnout? Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Phase 3

On the other hand, if Charles wants to use an avoidance learning technique, which of the following should Charles do? Give Dina a bonus. Stop nagging Dina. Give instructions to Dina. Pay no attention to Dina.

Stop nagging Dina.

NACCO understands it must innovate to ensure future growth. But where that innovation can originate is anyone's guess. If you were the chief innovation officer, what type of group would you form to develop ideas for new product development? Interest Informal Functional Task

Task

_____ are complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people. a. Attitudes b. Inducements c. Perceptions d. Individual differences

a. Attitudes

_____ is a disagreement among two or more individuals, groups, or organizations. a. Conflict b. Cohesiveness c. Conformity d. Congruity

a. Conflict

Which of the following is a method of controlling conflict? a. Expanding the resource base b. Increasing competition among teams c. Changing established procedures d. Convincing conflicting parties to compromise

a. Expanding the resource base or enhance coordination of interdependence

Which of the following factors would positively influence a team's sense of cohesion? Members compete with each other for rewards. The team agrees on goals. The group has experienced difficult shared situations. The group is large.

The team agrees on goals.

Rosa's high energy levels and position of power and responsibility are indicators of _____ behaviors. Type A Type B

Type A

Which of the following is considered to be a prerequisite for effective leadership? a. High standards of ethical conduct b. High standards of cultural diversity c. Diverse language skill d. Multiple professional certificates

a. High standards of ethical conduct

Which of the following best defines a functional group? a. It is a permanent group created by an organization to accomplish a number of organizational purposes with an unspecified time horizon. b. It is a group created by its members for purposes that may or may not be relevant to those of the organization. c. It is a group created by an organization to accomplish a relatively narrow range of purposes within a stated or implied time horizon. d. It is a group created for workers to function as a unit, often with little or no supervision, to carry out work-related tasks, functions, and activities.

a. It is a permanent group created by an organization to accomplish a number of organizational purposes with an unspecified time horizon.

Which of the following is true of legitimate power? a. It is present for all managers over their subordinates. b. Its mere possession makes a person a leader. c. It is given to an organization by its employees. d. It is passed down hierarchically and is not acquired otherwise.

a. It is present for all managers over their subordinates.

_____ is the overall set of expectations held by an individual with respect to what he or she will contribute to an organization and what the organization will provide in return. a. Psychological contract b. Negative emotionality c. Self-efficacy d. Locus of control

a. Psychological contract

The traits shared by most creative people: a. are openness and an attraction to complexity. b. are stress and dependency. c. are positive affectivity and dependency. d. are negative emotionality and an attraction to complexity.

a. are openness and an attraction to complexity.

The process of observing behavior and assigning causes to it is known as _____. a. attribution b. categorization c. stereotyping d. identification

a. attribution

The Porter-Lawler extension of _____ suggests that if performance results in equitable rewards, people will be more satisfied. a. expectancy theory b. goal-setting theory c. equity theory d. hierarchy of needs theory

a. expectancy theory

In the creative process, _____ represents a coming together of all the scattered thoughts and ideas that were maturing during incubation. a. insight b. delight c. verification d. preparation

a. insight

Ralph is an employee at an e-retail company. When he was still new in the company, he came to work late on a regular basis and showed a lot of negligence in his work. As a result, his manager developed a very poor impression of him. Months later, even as Ralph's work showed improvement, his manager continued to overlook his efforts. This is due to _____. a. selective perception b. stereotyping c. negative emotionality d. cognitive dissonance

a. selective perception

The leader-member exchange (LMX) model of leadership: a. suggests that supervisors establish a special relationship with a small number of trusted subordinates. b. suggests that managers can use four types of leader behavior to clarify subordinates' paths to goal attainment. c. is recommended for situations where time is of the highest importance in making a decision. d. involves being friendly and approachable, showing concern for subordinate welfare, and treating members as equals.

a. suggests that supervisors establish a special relationship with a small number of trusted subordinates.

According to the path-goal theory, _____ is being friendly and approachable, and treating members as equals. a. supportive leader behavior b. directive leader behavior c. achievement-oriented leader behavior d. participative leader behavior

a. supportive leader behavior

The enacted role is best described as: a. what an individual actually does in the role. b. the messages that team members use to communicate the expected role to an individual. c. what an individual perceives the role to mean. d. what other members of a team expect an individual to do.

a. what an individual actually does in the role.

Eric, a McDonald's crew member, rushes to beat the store record for drive-through service speed. affiliation power achievement expectancy goal setting

achievement

What need is this: Kenji, your manager, wants everyone to like him, so he brings lunch for everyone in the office on Fridays. affiliation power achievement expectancy goal setting

affiliation

You couldn't ask for a nicer boss than Amy. Amy is always willing to bend the rules when someone has a problem and will do anything possible to help her employees feel satisfied at work. Amy rarely tells people that they have done something wrong. Instead, she tries to cover up the problem so that others won't notice it. Amy is likely to have a high need for: Equity Power Affiliation Achievement

affiliation

Which of the following statements describe people who are high on authoritarianism? Check all that apply. They judge others critically. They stick to conventional values. They believe that people at different levels of the organization should have markedly different power. They obey their bosses and superiors.

all of the above

_____ is a form of interpersonal attraction that inspires support and acceptance. a. Mystique b. Charisma c. Chauvinism d. Congeniality

b. Charisma

_____ is a skill that allows people to see similarities among situations, phenomena, or events. a. Divergent thinking b. Convergent thinking c. Vertical thinking d. Cross-functional thinking

b. Convergent thinking

Which of the following is true of using flextime? a. Employees are assigned to jobs in different departments. b. Employees are allowed to select the hours they work. c. Two part-time employees share one full-time job. d. Employees can spend part of their time working offsite.

b. Employees are allowed to select the hours they work.

According to Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt, which of the following is a managerial characteristic? a. Group effectiveness b. Feelings of security c. Tolerance for ambiguity d. Need for independence

b. Feelings of security

Which of the following is true of persuasion as a form of political behavior? a. It involves the creation of an obligation. b. It relies on both emotion and logic. c. It is the use of force to get one's way. d. It can be avoided by increasing the use of power.

b. It relies on both emotion and logic.

_____ is defined as the set of forces that causes people to behave in certain ways. a. Determination b. Motivation c. Need d. Choice

b. Motivation

_____ is the relatively permanent set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another. a. Image diversity b. Personality c. A psychological contract d. A collective mosaic

b. Personality

_____ focus on why people choose certain behavioral options to satisfy their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained these goals. a. Content perspectives b. Process perspectives c. Reinforcement perspectives d. Linear perspectives

b. Process perspectives

_____ is the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute. a. Prototyping b. Stereotyping c. Specifying d. Detailing

b. Stereotyping

The motivation process begins with: a. a resource. b. a need deficiency. c. a challenge. d. an ability.

b. a need deficiency.

Scott is an organized, responsible, and self-disciplined employee. He is able to work on multiple projects at a time and submit them error-free within deadlines. Based on this information and according to the "Big Five" personality traits, it can be said that Scott has high levels of _____. a. emotionality b. conscientiousness c. extraversion d. agreeableness

b. conscientiousness

Stanley is a professor of anthropology with years of teaching and research experience. He has also written a few highly acclaimed books. Stanley is offered a job as director of a large museum. This is due to his _____. a. legitimate power b. expert power c. referent power d. reward power

b. expert power

A(n) _____ is defined as two or more people who interact regularly to accomplish a common purpose or goal. a. cluster b. group c. assembly d. structure

b. group

The human resource approach to motivation: a. advocates an incentive pay system. b. guides most contemporary thinking about employee motivation. c. believes that the illusion of participation enhances employee motivation. d. fails to consider motivational factors other than monetary compensation.

b. guides most contemporary thinking about employee motivation.

A(n) _____ is established to give senior managers the option to buy company stock in the future at a predetermined fixed price. a. merit pay plan b. piece pay plan c. employee stock ownership plan d. stock option plan

d. stock option plan

To be a strategic leader, a person should: a. micromanage the work of subordinates. b. have a firm grasp of an organization's environment. c. limit oneself from understanding complexities within an organization. d. inspire support and acceptance through charisma.

b. have a firm grasp of an organization's environment.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, esteem needs: a. are the most difficult to address. b. include the need for recognition. c. involve realizing one's potential for continued growth. d. are met entirely from within an individual.

b. include the need for recognition.

As a process, _____ is the use of noncoercive influence to shape a group or organization's goals, motivate behavior toward the achievement of those goals, and help define group or organizational culture. a. inducement b. leadership c. scope creep d. synergy

b. leadership

Fines are an example of _____ as a means of reinforcement. a. rewarding b. punishment c. avoidance d. mediation

b. punishment

Which of the following is true of telecommuting? a. It is used to compensate for compressed work schedules. b. It increases the office space needs of companies. c. It is becoming easier with the increased sophistication of modern communication technology. d. It prevents more than half of the U. S. workforce from utilizing alternative methods of work.

c. It is becoming easier with the increased sophistication of modern communication technology.

Which of the following best describes organizational citizenship? a. It is the behavior of individuals that indicates the unwillingness to work beyond the basic standards of a job. b. It is the behavior of individuals that leads to increased turnover in an organization. c. It is the behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization. d. It is the total set of work-related behaviors that an organization expects an individual to display.

c. It is the behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization.

Which of the following compensation plans formally bases at least some meaningful portion of compensation on the relative value of the contributions of employees? a. Piece-rate incentive plans b. Individual incentive plans c. Merit pay plans d. Stock option plans

c. Merit pay plans

_____ describes activities carried out for the specific purpose of acquiring, developing, and using power and other resources to obtain one's preferred outcomes. a. Pragmatic behavior b. Impulsive behavior c. Political behavior d. Manic behavior

c. Political behavior

_____ occurs when the messages and cues composing the sent role are clear but contradictory or mutually exclusive. a. Role overload b. Role ambiguity c. Role conflict d. Role congruity

c. Role conflict

_____ is an individual's response to a strong stimulus. a. Dissonance b. Machiavellianism c. Stress d. Attribution

c. Stress

_____ is a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness. a. Positive affectivity b. General adaptation syndrome c. Workplace behavior d. Job satisfaction

c. Workplace behavior

Managers wanting to explicitly use reinforcement theory to motivate their employees generally do so with a technique called _____. a. behavior assimilation b. integration c. behavior modification d. diversification

c. behavior modification

The conflict individuals experience among their own attitudes is called _____. a. risk propensity b. conscientiousness c. cognitive dissonance d. self-efficacy

c. cognitive dissonance

A(n) _____ is created by its members for purposes that may or may not be relevant to those of the organization. a. task group b. functional group c. informal group d. secondary group

c. informal group

Following a decrease in international demand, the management of a publishing firm reduces the budget of the print media division in order to allocate resources for e-publishing. The resulting conflict between these two departments is an example of _____ conflict. a. interorganizational b. interpersonal c. intergroup d. intercommunal

c. intergroup

High levels of job satisfaction: a. lead to high levels of performance. b. are more common in Japan than in the United States. c. lead to more positive contributions. d. are not influenced by personal factors.

c. lead to more positive contributions.

The _____ is the desire to be influential in a group and to control one's environment. a. need for affiliation b. need for achievement c. need for power d. need for satisfaction

c. need for power

In stage 2 of the General Adaptive Syndrome, a person: a. panics due to a stressor. b. ignores a stressor. c. resists the effects of a stressor. d. encounters a stressor.

c. resists the effects of a stressor.

Reinforcement perspectives are primarily concerned with: a. the different levels of needs that motivate people to perform well at work. b. two specific goal characteristics—goal difficulty and goal specificity. c. the role that rewards play in causing behavior to change or remain the same. d. empowering individuals to realize their own goals and how to achieve them.

c. the role that rewards play in causing behavior to change or remain the same.

_____ try to answer the question of what factor or factors motivate people in a workplace. a. Planar perspectives b. Process perspectives c. Reinforcement perspectives d. Content perspectives

d. Content perspectives

_____ is the process of enabling workers to set their own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems within their sphere of responsibility and authority. a. Diversification b. Reinforcement c. Attenuation d. Empowerment

d. Empowerment

_____ are designed to share the cost savings from productivity improvements with employees. a. Stock programs b. Incentive share plans c. Merit pay plans d. Gainsharing programs

d. Gainsharing programs

Which of the following is true of agreeableness? a. It is the number of things a person can effectively work on at one time. b. It allows people to have broad interests and to be curious, imaginative, and creative. c. It is the extent to which a person is poised, calm, resilient, and secure. d. It causes some people to be gentle, cooperative, and good-natured in their dealings with others.

d. It causes some people to be gentle, cooperative, and good-natured in their dealings with others.

Which of the following is true of role ambiguity? a. It occurs when an individual has a good understanding of what is expected of him or her. b. It occurs when cues composing the sent role are comprehensible but contradictory. c. It occurs when messages composing a role are clear but mutually exclusive. d. It occurs when the sent role is unclear in nature.

d. It occurs when the sent role is unclear in nature.

Which of the following is true of the trait approach? a. It leads to information distortion. b. It includes traits like infallibility of decisions. c. It assumes that all people have leadership traits. d. It studies the psychological traits of strong leaders.

d. It studies the psychological traits of strong leaders.

Which of the following is true of negotiation? a. It is a process that is limited to two parties. b. Negotiations between labor unions and the management of a firm are the simplest form of negotiations. c. It takes place between parties who have the same preferences regarding an issue. d. Its approaches include situational characteristics and game theory.

d. Its approaches include situational characteristics and game theory.

Which of the following is an example of an inducement? a. Loyalty b. Ability c. Skill d. Status

d. Status

Which of the following is true of performance behaviors? a. They can always be easily measured. b. They are not influenced by intuition. c. They can always be narrowly defined. d. They derive from the psychological contract.

d. They derive from the psychological contract.

Which of the following is true of contributions? a. They are not included in a psychological contract. b. They are what an organization provides to an individual. c. They include job security and recognition. d. They presumably satisfy various needs and requirements of an organization.

d. They presumably satisfy various needs and requirements of an organization.

Managers can manage political behavior in an organization by: a. tying rewards indirectly to performance. b. containing the disagreements among the subordinate groups. c. reducing the autonomy of subordinates. d. avoiding covert activities in the organization.

d. avoiding covert activities in the organization.

The concept of substitutes for leadership was developed because existing leadership models: a. do not specify what kind of leadership behavior is appropriate. b. focus mainly on situations in which leader behaviors are neutralized. c. deal with scenarios in which leader behaviors are replaced by task characteristics. d. do not account for situations where leadership is not needed.

d. do not account for situations where leadership is not needed.

A manager at a supermarket has set a goal of increasing sales even though this will involve making decisions that might be unpopular among the workers. To set an example, the manager starts to put in extra hours at work and takes shorter breaks. The manager has high _____. a. goal specificity b. goal intensity c. goal requirement d. goal commitment

d. goal commitment

The Navy is no place to disobey a command, but last week, Seaman Steve neglected to do anything when Petty Officer Paul told him to swab the decks. Oddly enough, Seaman Steve is noticing that Petty Officer Paul isn't issuing as many orders as he used to. Seaman Steve may have inadvertently used______ to modify Petty Officer Paul's behavior.

extinction

At IDEO, every project is addressed with teams. Because the company is fairly large, people who have never worked together before may be assigned to a project team. Before they can begin to truly function, the team must go through the _____ process. storming norming forming performing

forming

Improving interpersonal relationships in the office is a_____ factor. When absent, they lead to decreased employee satisfaction, but employees will have neutral satisfaction when they are present.

hygiene

Harry decides to improve the employees' relationships with each other. Every month, Harry will sponsor an employee gathering and invite all of the employees to come. This is an example of a hygiene factor motivation factor

hygiene factor

You understand conflict is a part of group interactions, but you try to minimize ______ , because arguing with another functional group tends to distract your own group from its core mission. intergroup conflict personality clashes interorganizational conflict

intergroup conflict

Achievement and recognition are ______ factor. When present, they will increase employee motivation, but employees will have neutral satisfaction when they are absent.

motivation

Harry decides to help the employees grow and develop. Each month, every employee will be given a day off for training, and the employee who comes back to work with the most creative ideas will receive special recognition. This is an example of a motivation factor hygiene factor

motivation factor .

In the new business development group at The Martin Agency, the vice president demands professionalism. If you want to work there, you'll experience ______ because of this pressure. norm conformity norm generalization

norm conformity

Teams at IDEO follow a standard process for brainstorming. Nicole, the group leader, doesn't have to explain this process. She knows the group has already moved past the ______ process and is ready to perform. norming storming performing forming

norming

When the needs of the organization and the inducements it is willing to offer match the skills of the employee and the pay he or she is willing to accept, _____ is achieved. fair labor practices person-job fit realistic job preview job satisfaction

person-job fit

In advertising agencies, the strategic planner on the account will provide a creative brief with background information to the creative team. This takes place in the _____ stage of the creative process. preparation incubation verification insight

preparation

Rosa's job as a corporate attorney is extremely stressful. Part of her stress comes from having to be both a lawyer and a mother. The stress that arises from holding two jobs that place incompatible demands on Rosa's time is due to role conflict role ambiguity

role conflict .

College students have a lot of opportunities for growth during college. You should focus on course performance, but you might also run for student government, play a sport, and join a social club. It's easy for students like you to experience . role overload role ambiguity role conflict

role overload

All groups have roles that must be played. In your family, your parents play the role of leader, and you play the role of follower. We've described the _______ of your family structure. norms cohesiveness role structure

role structure

IDEO is tasked with developing ideas for new extensions for the company's product. The new group has gotten to know each other, but there are frequent arguments among group members. Jack, the team leader, recognizes that this team can't move forward until it finishes the____ process. storming norming forming performing

storming