MGMT 310 Exam 1 Study Guide

Organizational behavior seeks to understand, explain, and improve employees' attitudes and _____.

Behavior

An employee's desire to remain a member of the organization is referred to as organizational

Commitment

A summary of the statistical relationships between variables is referred to as

Correlations

Of the employee behaviors that are relevant to job performance, which of the following contributes negatively to the organization?

Counterproductive behavior

management by objectives (MBO)

Employees and managers develop mutually agreed-upon goals.

Which of the following is a feature of performance management that is more suitable for social networking systems than for more traditional practices?

Employees can post questions about their own performance for coworkers to give immediate anonymous feedback.

True or false: Counterproductive behavior encompasses employee behaviors that intentionally or unintentionally hinder organizational goal accomplishment.

False

Which of the following actions by an employer would likely foster an increased continuance commitment among its employees?

Instituting a "promote from within" policy and Establishing a generous salary and benefit package

Citizenship behavior that benefits coworkers and colleagues and involves assisting, supporting, and developing other organizational members is known as ___________ citizenship behavior.

Interpersonal

According to the integrative model of organizational behavior, OB researchers are interested in which of the following individual outcomes?

Job Commitment and Job Performance

The measure of how well an employee does his or her work tasks and responsibilities is known as

Job Performance

A pleasurable emotional state that results from appraising your job or job experiences is referred to as _____.

Job Satisfaction

Cognitive work that requires the application of theoretical and analytical knowledge is known as ______ work.

Knowledge

forced ranking

Managers are required to classify employees as top, average, or low performers.

Pete reads all of the latest management theory books on the best-seller list and tries to implement the practices recommended by the authors. He surmises that their recommended practices must be effective because they are best-selling authors. Which of the following bases of knowledge is Pete using?

Method of Authority

Tyrone has been a sales manager for many years, and his staff has always reached or exceeded quota, so he is confident that he has good leadership skills. Which of the following bases for knowledge does Tyrone use to assess his leadership skills?

Method of Experience

Shawna instinctively believes that most people have an inherent tendency to avoid work. She believes the only way they'll do their jobs is if she "rides herd" over them all day long. Which method of knowledge does Shawna use in developing her management style?

Method of Intuition

The energetic forces that drive employees' work effort is best described as

Motivation

An employee's desire to remain a member of an organization that she or he respects is referred to as his or her

Organizational Commitment

According to the integrative model of organizational behavior, which of the following would be categorized as organizational mechanisms that contribute to individual mechanisms? (Check all that apply.)

Organizational Culture and Organization Structure

360-degree feedback

Performance information is provided by supervisors, subordinates, peers, and others.

behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS)

Performance is measured by identifying and assessing job performance behaviors.

The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) has regulations that require certain employers to implement a random drug and alcohol testing program. Such testing could minimize which counterproductive behavior?

Production deviance

______ withdrawal is a form of neglect.

Psychological

The resource-based view of organizations suggests that a resource is more valuable when it is which of the following?

Rare and Inimitable

What term is used to describe a paid or unpaid leave of absence provided for study and research, travel, community service, or personal renewal?

Sabbatical

Randi works as an aesthetician at a local spa and works with clients to improve the tone, health, and appearance of their skin through massage, facials, and hair removal. What type of work does Randi perform?

Service Work

Accountants, lawyers, teachers, and engineers would be considered _______ workers because their jobs require them to engage in cognitive tasks and apply theoretical and analytical knowledge.

Skilled

The individual mechanism that deals with workers' psychological reactions to overtaxing job demands is referred to as

Stress

Employee behaviors directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into goods or services are referred to as

Task Performance

Organizational Behavior

The field of study devoted to understanding, explaining, and improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations is known as

Job Performance

The measure of how well an employee does his or her work tasks and responsibilities is known as

Which of the following demographic trends in the U.S. workforce are true?

There are increasing numbers of foreign-born workers in the U.S. and Workers older than 60 years are staying in the workforce longer.

True or false: Employees can have different reactions to identical stressors as the result of a number of factors, such as perception, appraisal, and the degree of social support they receive.

True

True or false: The basic premise of the Rule of One-Eighth is that effective management of organizational behavior requires both a belief that several different practices are critical, as well as a long-term commitment to continually improve those practices.

True

The ______ theory argues that job satisfaction depends on whether you feel that your job supplies the things that you value.

Value-Percept

In her job as an annuity specialist at a financial services firm, Raquel regularly fields calls from clients who want to make withdrawals or reallocations. Since she perceives these duties to be routine, how would she categorize these less stressful duties?

benign job demands

The type of stressors linked to the attainment of education and achievement are known as _____ stressors.

challenge

Voluntary behaviors that contribute to the organization by improving the overall workplace setting are referred to as

citizenship behavior.

An employee's desire to remain a member of the organization is referred to as organizational

commitment

The people, places, and things that can inspire an employee's desire to remain a member of an organization together form what is known as the employee's focus of

commitment

Which of the following behavior characteristics are exhibited by individuals with the Type A Behavior Pattern?

constant sense of urgency and hard-driving and competitive

Aimee isn't happy with her job. However, her family really needs her income, especially now that her husband's hours at work have been reduced. This demonstrates ______ commitment.

continuance

What is the term for the actions and beliefs people use to face stress and the emotions caused by stress?

coping

Under the BARS approach to assessing job performance behaviors, descriptions of both effective and ineffective workplace behaviors used to evaluate employee performance are known as

critical incidents

What is the term for the types of hindrance stressors that are less important but interfere with the more important types of work that need to be completed?

daily hassles

Affective commitment reflects a(n) ______ bond to the organization.

emotional

Benny agonizes over whether or not to accept a new job. "It isn't just one thing," he explains. "I'm not crazy about my job, but I like the people I work with, and it would be really hard to give up four weeks of vacation every year. Besides that, the commute would take twice as long." The factors to remain with the organization that Benny describes are referred to as his _____.

focus of commitment

At the beginning of the semester, Professor Wolfman explained her grading policy. She stated that students would be evaluated on the basis of comparison with one another and that 20% of the class would earn an A grade, 70% of the class would earn a C grade, and 10% of the class would fail. What performance management system is Professor Wolfman using in her class?

forced ranking

What is the term for employer practices that are intended to help employees with personal problems, such as alcohol and drug dependencies, financial problems, or marital difficulties?

health and wellness programs

People who experience higher levels of ______ stressors tend to have lower levels of organizational commitment.

hindrance

Jaycee is an interior designer who designs spaces for small-business clients. He loves being able to "see" his ideas and concepts come to life as a functional and well-designed workplace. This would best describe which job characteristic?

identity

Hindrance stressors most often trigger ______ emotions, whereas challenge stressors most often trigger ______ emotions.

negative; positive

A correlation of 0 between two variables suggests which of the following?

no statistical correlation

The three types of organizational commitment are affective commitment, continuance commitment, and ______ commitment.

normative

According to the transactional theory of stress, which of the following would be considered a work hindrance stressor?

not receiving guidelines needed to complete tasks

The degree to which employees believe that the organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being is referred to as

perceived organizational support

High blood pressure, gastrointestinal problems, headaches, and heart disease are examples of ______ strains caused by stressors.

physiological

The types of quasi-contractual terms with which employees view what they owe their employer and what their employer owes them are referred to as

psychological contracts.

A(n) ______ contract views the employment relationship in terms of subjective and open-ended obligations.

rational

Laura is a new physician in a busy clinic. She wants to spend enough time with her patients to understand their health concerns, but the clinic schedules too many patients every day to be able to spend more than fifteen minutes with each one. Laura is frustrated with this state of events. What is she experiencing?

role conflict

Primary appraisal answers the question "Is this stressful?" and ______ appraisal poses the question "What should be done?"

secondary

Which core job characteristic refers to the degree to which the job affects or impacts the organization and/or society?

significance

Persons with high levels of organizational commitment are likely to respond to negative work events by doing which of the following?

speaking up and sharing their concerns with their manager and continuing to do their job

continuance commitment

staying because you need to

normative commitment

staying because you ought to

affective commitment

staying because you want to

What is the term for the negative consequences associated with stress?

strains

Psychologists use the term _______ to describe a state of mental or emotional tension resulting from adverse or demanding circumstances.

stress

In a ______ ______, managers study the positions in their workplaces to determine if stress is negatively impacting employees.

stress audit

Which of the following are supportive practices that help employees manage and balance their role demands?

telecommuting, compressed workweeks, and flextime

A correlation of 1 between two variables suggests which of the following?

that there is a perfect statistical relationship between the variables

The premise that 12% or less of organizations will sustain and increase profitability by emphasizing effective management practices is referred to as

the Rule of One-Eighth.

Deon is an aesthetician at a busy salon. In order to reach her sales goal for the month, she sometimes lies to clients who call to make an appointment with someone else by saying that she is the only aesthetician available for an appointment. This illustrates which problem associated with evaluating job performance on results alone?

the problem of social undermining and sabotaging in order to achieve bottom-line results

Which of the following is the best definition of values?

those things that people consciously or subconsciously want or seek to attain

Which individual mechanism demonstrates how much employees believe that their company engages in fair and honest business practices?

truth, justice, and ethics

According to the job characteristics theory, the degree to which a job requires an employee to complete a number of different activities involving several different skills and talents is known as

variety

Students in Professor Alsever's class make a final project presentation before their classmates, and other department professors are invited to attend. The grade on the final project is based on weighted feedback from Professor Alsever, classmates, and the other professors in attendance. What type of performance management system is Professor Alsever using for evaluating the final project?

360-degree feedback

primary appraisal

When stressors enter our lives, our bodies quickly judge situations and decide whether or not they are stressful. What is the name of this process?

Resource-based view

Which of the following perspectives argues that organizational resources that are valuable, rare, and inimitable can lead to the creation of competitive advantage and an increase in the bottom-line profitability of the organization?

The performance management practice that measures performance by directly assessing job performance behaviors is referred to as

a behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS).

"I love my job," Brendan says of his job at the humane shelter. "Every day brings a new challenge and a new opportunity for me to learn and make a difference in the community." This description best demonstrates which type of organizational commitment?

affective

Which of the following types of organizational commitment is associated with organizational citizenship behaviors?

affective

Dawn's boss gave her a complicated report to finish by the end of the day. As a result, Dawn became angry and dissatisfied with her job and her boss in particular. This is an example of the ______ theory.

affective events

Jason is frustrated with the group project that is due in his organizational behavior class. His team hasn't met to discuss who is going to do which portion of the project and no deadlines have been set. Jason is experiencing role ______ with this project.

ambiguity

The transactional theory of stress attempts to explain stress in terms of three components: perception, ______, and response.

appraisal

A high level of ______ directly contributes to the psychological state known as responsibility for outcomes, according to the job characteristics theory.

autonomy

Which of the following are the two primary categories of citizenship behavior?

interpersonal and organizational

The performance appraisal system that involves the development of a set of mutually agreed-upon objectives between employees and supervisors is

management by objectives (MBO)

An employee's belief that the job the employee has is worthwhile or important is a reflection of which critical psychological state?

meaningfulness of work

States of feeling that are relatively mild, last for a while, and are not explicitly directed at or caused by someone or something are referred to as

moods