mgmt 3300 exam 1
What is ChatGPT trained on?
"best of the internt" ie wiki/reddit prior 2021
What are the four steps to generate a machine learning algorithm as shown in class?
1. collect training data 2. analyze and segment 3. setup and train a network 4. test and deploy
How many parameters does GPT-3 have? (Roughly)
175 mil
How does the US rank in mobile data (roughly)?
20th
What is a commodity?
A basic good that can be interchanged with nearly identical offerings by others—think milk, coal, orange juice, or to a lesser extent, Windows PCs and Android phones. The more commoditized an offering, the greater the likelihood that competition will be based on price.
What is an expert system?
A set of technologies used in the development of AI systems that use a set of programmed decision rules or example outcomes to perform a task in a way that mimics applied human expertise. are AI
What is AR? How does it differ from VR?
AR uses a real-world setting while VR is completely virtual
Is the speed of adoption of new technologies accelerating or slowing down?
Accelerating
What holding company owns Google and Youtube?
Alphabet
What are porters 5 forces? Give example of each and what determines if the force is strong or weak?
Also known as Industry and Competitive Analysis. A framework considering the interplay between (1) the intensity of rivalry among existing competitors, (2) the threat of new entrants, (3) the threat of substitute goods or services, (4) the bargaining power of buyers, and (5) the bargaining power of suppliers.
What is a network effect?
Also known as Metcalfe's Law, or network externalities. When the value of a product or service increases as its number of users expands.
What is the definition of competitive advantage?
Anything that gives a firm a lead over its rivals.Competitive advantage can be gained through the development and application of innovative information systems. Increasingly, these systems are a core feature of a company's strategic vision.
In what country is Tiktok headquartered?
China
What was the largest IPO of all time?
China
What is Cloud computing (from book and lecture)?
Cloud computing and software as a service are turning sophisticated, high-powered computing into a utility available to even the smallest businesses and nonprofits.
What is deep learning?
Computers teach themselves tasks by crunching large sets of data is a subcategory of machine learning. The "deep" in deep learning typically refers to the layers of interconnections and analysis that are examined to arrive at results. Some technologists refer to "deep" as having more than one "hidden" layer between input and output.
What are some of the ethical issues involved with using AI for facial recognition?
Facial recognition systems built using data with mostly Caucasian faces have been shown to be weaker in identifying people of color. Bloomberg Businessweek reported that some systems studied misidentified darker-skinned women 35 percent of the time, and dark-skinned men 12 percent of the time—far higher failure rates than when used to identify lighter-skinned folks
What is a sustainable competitive Advantage?
Financial performance that consistently outperforms industry averages.
What are some of the ethical issues involved with using AI for loans?
For example, Wells Fargo discovered that customers in the lowest income bracket—a demographic with a disproportionate percentage of non-Whites—were over three times as likely to fill out loan applications from mobile banking apps than other groups. These are also a percentage of Americans that have historically had less access to banking services, but that include many potentially profitable customers. Customers who may be reticent about taking in-person steps to initiate a loan are proving easier to reach online
What is 4IR? What are some of the technologies driving it?
Fourth industrial revolution; mobile devices, iot platform, 5d printing, big data analytics, virtual reality, cloud computing
How was the Golden State Killer caught?
GED Match
What is an IPO?
Initial Public Stock Offering; first time a firm makes shares available via public stock/ "going public"
What is IoT?
Internet of Things; A vision where low-cost sensors, processors, and communication are embedded into a wide array of products and our environment, allowing a vast network to collect data, analyze input, and automatically coordinate collective action.
What does M&A mean?
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are business transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred to or consolidated with another company or business organization.
What is another term for SEM?
Paid Search
What is Operational Effectiveness?
Performing the same tasks better than rivals perform them.
What did the Sarbanes-Oxley Act do?
Reduced unethical behavior and decreased the likelihood of future corporate scandals.
What does SEO stand for?
Search Engine Optimization
What is an inventory turn?
Sometimes referred to as inventory turnover, stock turns, or stock turnover. It is the number of times inventory is sold or used during a given period. A higher figure means that a firm is selling products quickly.
What is "the blackbox" problem in AI? Hint: Hidden Layers
The "black box" nature of machine learning, with multilayered statistical weightings, is especially difficult to break apart in a clear demonstration of how, exactly, systems make their decisions.
How does the sale of the Apple Watch compare with the Swiss watch industry?
The Apple Watch alone has sales greater than the entire Swiss watch industry
What is a switching cost? Provide an example.
The cost a consumer incurs when moving from one product to another. It can involve actual money spent (e.g., buying a new product) as well as investments in time, any data loss, and so forth.
In terms of time and cost, what was the cost to sequence the first copy of the human genome? (roughly)
The first human genome took nearly fifteen years to sequence and cost $2.5 billion to complete
What is a distribution channel?
The path through which products or services get to customers.
What are the support and primary activities in porter's model of a value chain?
The primary components are: Inbound logistics—getting needed materials and other inputs into the firm from suppliers Operations—turning inputs into products or services Outbound logistics—delivering products or services to consumers, distribution centers, retailers, or other partners Marketing and sales—customer engagement, pricing, promotion, and transaction Support—service, maintenance, and customer support The secondary components are: Firm infrastructure—functions that support the whole firm, including general management, planning, IS, and finance Human resource management—recruiting, hiring, training, and development Technology/research and development—new product and process design Procurement—sourcing and purchasing functions
What is a "Digital Transformation" of a company or industry?
The realignment of or investment in new technology, business models,and processes to drive value for customers and employees and more effectively compete in an ever-changing digital economy.Digital transformation can be understood as an organizational change process where digital technologies (such as big data analytics, sensor networks, cloud services) are used to radically change:1.How a company creates value2.How it interacts with its customers and business partners3.How it competes in established and emerging markets.
Define economies of scale.
When costs can be spread across increasing units of production or in serving multiple customers. Businesses that have favorable economies of scale (like many Internet firms) are sometimes referred to as being highly scalable.
What is Business Process Management (BPM) ?
a field of management that promotes the development of effective and efficient processes through continuous improvement and innovation; designing, optimizing, streamlining.
What is General AI?
a machine that can reason and adapt like a human
What can ChatGPT do?
answer test questions, write short essays, basic contracts, programs, recipes, etc.
Besides proving that you are a human, what do CAPTCHAs do?
are meant to keep out automated software that may create accounts used in spamming or other nefarious activity.
What are the traditional factors that are used to determine if a monopoly is harmful (lecture and book)? Hint: the so-called Bork Rule.
consumer harm/competitiveness
What is Cisco systems known for?
firms providing a set of examples illustrating both successes and failures in leveraging technology
What does GPT stand for?
generated pre trained transformer
What are some of the steps/ideas involved in creating Developing and Deploying More Ethical AI.
hiring ethicists, developing a code of technology ethics, creating a systems review board with clear responsibility and enforcement authority, ensuring systems have clear and referenceable audit trails, strengthening training programs, and providing a method for remediating issues that have been identified.
What is machine learning?
is a type of AI often broadly defined as software with the ability to learn or improve without being explicitly programmed. Many of the data mining techniques described in the prior section use machine learning
How significant do some people think AI will be?
it "will change medicine. It will change research. It will change bioengineering. It will change everything, alters jobs
What is CRM?
managing the delicate balance between gathering and leveraging data and respecting consumer privacy are all central components of the new marketing toolkit
Are the transitions brought about by industrial revolutions always good for the people living through such times?
no
Can you copyright text that is generated by an AI?
no; not human generates
Who owns art or text created by an AI?
nobody
What are some of the bad uses of deepfakes?
obama, simon
What percentage of Facebook revenues from from Mobile devices (roughly)?
over 90%
What are the four components of an information system
people, technology, processes, data
What happened to Tay?
rafting racist, misogynistic, and curse-laden tweets.
What is a virtual team?
refers to a group of individuals who work together from different geographic locations and rely on communication technology to collaborate.
A neural network can also be considered ______ on steroids.
stats
What is supervised vs un-supervised learning in regards to AI?
supervised: A type of machine learning where algorithms are trained by providing explicit examples of results sought, like defective versus error-free, or stock price., where algorithms are trained by providing explicit examples of results sought, like defective versus error-free, or stock price. un-supervised: Sometimes called unsupervised learning, where systems build pattern-recognizing algorithms using data that has not been pre-classified.
What is operations management?
the Management of Systems and Processes that Create Goods and/or Provide Services
What is the goal of AI?
to create computer programs that are able to mimic or improve upon functions that would otherwise require human intelligence.
What is Red Lining?
where geographic exclusion is a proxy for race) mean that firms may need to prove that inferences buried deep in their system aren't simply proxies for illegal exclusionary criteria, such as race.
Can 3D printers print metal?
yes
Did some Stanford students use ChatGPT on their finals?
yes
Can you detect AI writing? If so it is definitive ?
yes; no