MGMT EXAM 2
General cognitive ability measures the areas an individual has in common across the more specific cognitive abilities and is comparable to the concept of an IQ test T/F
T
In the absence of data about a particular authority, we will use Disposition-based trust. T/F
T
Motivation has a strong positive effect on job performance but only moderate effect on organizational commitment. T/F
T
No evidence has been shown that the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a useful tool for predicting the job satisfaction, motivation, performance, or commitment of employees across jobs T/F
T
People who feel high level of equity also feel high levels of affective commitment T/F
T
Peter has just started a new job and heard positive things about the manager. As a result of this information, Peter is likely to develop cognitive-based trust in his manager T/F
T
Peter likes to tell jokes during meetings, Others laugh, but it really does slow down the meetings. Tony, Peter's manager, has asked other meeting members to refrain from laughing when Edgar tells a joke in future meetings. Tony is hoping Peter will stop wasting time with the jokes. Tony is using extinction to change peter's behavior T/F
T
Reinforcement is a continuous process, and the perception of behaviors is strengthened to the degree reinforcement continues to occur T/F
T
Social identity theory holds that people identify themselves by groups to which they belong and perceive and judge others by their group memberships. T/F
T
The most appropriate use of the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator is in a team-building context. T/F
T
The perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles is integrity T/F
T
Tracy is assigned to prepare a financial analysis for the new project. She has successfully done this numerous times in the past and received many positive feedback about her performance. She has a strong self-efficacy for the task. T/F
T
Employees who willingly trust the authorities tend to have higher Affective Commitment T/F
T
Everyone thinks Amanda is pretty talkative. In the context of the Big Five Taxonomy, she has extraversion dimension for personality. T/F
T
General cognitive ability is a strong predictor of job performance especially with regard to task performance T/F
T
Amanda is a busy manager of the sales department. However, she can always manage to find time for her equally important meetings with the charity that she founded years ago. Amanda's commitment can be classified under which of the following concepts of psychological empowerment? A. meaningfulness B. self-determination C. competence D. expectancy
A
Amanda is in charge of staffing for the pediatric unit and must make sure there are always enough nurses on the unit. When one of the employees has an accident and could not work for a couple of months, Amanda is able to competently and easily decide how to adjust the schedule. She has done this many times over many years. Schedule reshuffling is a(n) ___ for her A. programmed decision B. non-programmed decision C. escalation of commitment D. projection E. self-serving decision
A
Amanda is very nervous giving her presentation in front of the whole company because she has not spent much time preparing for it. Which sources of self-efficacy does this describe? A. emotional cues B. past accomplishments C. verbal persuasion D. vicarious experiences
A
Hannah is a sale representative and her company has just raised the goal for a bonus to be 5% higher than last quarter. She is working in a problem-solving plans known as ___ to achieve this new goal. A. task strategies B. Tast tactics C. Task performance D. Task complexity
A
Peter has just started his new position at Lowe's creating technology-enabled business solutions for clients from various states. Peter's work gets evaluated at the end of each month. This is an example of ______ reinforcement A. fixed interval B. variable ratio C. fixed ratio D. variable interval
A
Peter is enrolled in an extra training course offered by the company after noticing his productivity has declined. The training showed him that there was a significant change in his productivity. This helped restore the balance of comparison ratios. Prior to enrolling the training session, Peter was most likely experiences: A. over reward equity B. self-efficacy C. cognitive distortion D. expectancy E. goal commitment
A
Peter is the sole owner of his clothing store and has the authority to appoint employees in the store. He does not have a specialized human resource executive and conducts selection interviews by himself. He has not received any training on selection and recruitment. This often leads to selection errors. Albert does not prepare in advance for interviews. He asks questions that come to his mind easily during interviews. This indicates A. availability bias B. bandwagon effect C. self-fulfilling prophecy D. projection bias E. social identification
A
Sam and Matilda are successful stock brokers working with Invest Right Broking. Before striking a deal with a company, Sam reviews the company's reports and past data. Matilda on the other hand buys stocks on speculation. According to the Myer-Briggs Type indicator, the ___ type best describes Sam and the ____ type best describes Matilda A. sensing; intuition B. perceiving; judging C. short-term; long-term D. feeling; thinking E. extraversion, intervarion
A
Solina is very uncomfortable because she received a larger bonus that other members of her work group. She is most likely from a ___ culture A. collectivistic B. uncertain C. feminine D. short-term oriented E. global
A
The Chinese culture is a tight social framework in which people take care of the members of a broader in a group and act loyal to it. In the context of Hofstede's dimensions, what is the personality dimension that you will sue to describe the Chinese culture? A. collectivism B. uncertainty avoidance C. masculinity D. power distance E. short-term orientation
A
The theory argues that people in organizations can learn through the observation of others is ___ A. social learning B. learning life cycle C. bounded rationality D. social identity
A
To be a rational decision maker, one should not do: A. boiling the problem down to something that is easily understood B. evaluating all the alternatives simultaneously C. using accurate information to evaluate alternatives D. picking the alternative that maximizes value E. developing an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions
A
Which of the following is true about tactic knowledge? A. it is based on experience B. it involved conscious and accessible information C. it can be learned through books D. it exists as general information
A
Which of the following sources of self-efficacy describe the following example: Peter has seen many of his friends who have finished the graduate studies from the same school he is attending and found high-paying jobs. A. Vicarious experiences B. Self-determination C. verbal persuasion D. past accomplishments
A
____ is the belief that outcomes is related to the performance and the question " Are the outcomes valuable to me?" A. Valence B. Self-efficacy C. Expectancy
A
A group of friends start their own venture capital firm with the resources and abilities they have. Peter is really good at applying formulas to solve complex problems that involve numbers. Teddy excels in combining specific data into general conclusions. Ralf is able to study stock market data and predict how the market fluctuations will affect the industry. These employees believe that they can build a great future and they are working hard towards their goals. Form the information given, it can be concluded that Peter has a high ability in the area of _____ A. response orientation B. mathematical reasoning C. problem sensitivity D. inductive reasoning E. number facility
B
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ____ is the needs for accomplishment and recognition. A. Self-actualization B. Esteem C. Basic needs D. Meaning
B
Amanda's daughter has just started going to school and she can come to work early that used to for the last couple of weeks. Her colleagues are under the impression that she is a Type A person. Her colleagues are subject to A. self-serving bias B. fundamental attribution error C. anchoring error D. illusion of control error E. halo effect
B
An employee comes late to the office. An internal attribution will occur if there is low ____, low ____, and high _____ A. consensus, consistency, extinction B. consensus, distinctiveness, consistency C. consistency, distinctiveness, consensus D. extinction, consistency, distinctiveness E. consensus, consistency, distinctiveness
B
An individual who has the ability to foresee an obstacle in the course of events has a high ability in the area of _____ A. visualization B. spatial reasoning C. perceptual speed D. originality E. mathematical reasoning
B
An intuitive frame of reference for judging equity is provided by A. equity resolver B. comparison other C. cognitive distortion creator D. goals monitor E. outcome evaluator
B
Clair, the manager at Connect, is a favorite among her employees because she has the ability to recognize and understand the emotions of her peers and subordinates. She interacts with all employees in a warm manner and is very approachable when her employees are encountering any problems. Which of the following characteristics Clair possesses A. need for power B. other awareness C. emotional regualtion D. emotional resilience E. need for achievement
B
Google Inc. welcome all employees to participate in the decision-making process. The company values the feedback and suggestions given by the employees who in turn are pleased that they are able to express their opinions freely. Which of the following dimensions of justice is the company promoting by giving its employees voice? A. informational justice B. procedural justice C. distributive justice D. interpersonal justice E. retributive justice
B
Many family businesses have been maintained their family secrets through generations of training only family members. Those who now run the business must have learned through ___ A. past accomplishments B. vicarious experiences C. lecture sessions D. emotional cues E. instrumentality
B
Paul McEnroe was famous for exposing the use of sweatshop labor by a famous clothes and accessories company that he worked for. Following his allegations, the company had to pay several million dollars as penalty. This scenario reflects McEnroe's act of A. preconventional moral reasoning B. whistle-blowing C. bias supervision
B
Peter recently put his resignation letter after his managers refused to give him pay raise that he felt would rightly compensate for his increasing work load. His resentment related to his pay reflects the specific lack of ____ in the company that he worked for. A. informational justice B. distributive justice C. retributive justice D. procedural justice E. interpersonal justice
B
Sam is a renowned interior decorator and his clients feel that he cab bring life into a dull room without minimal cost and effort. Before starting a project, Sam always describes the changes he is going to make so the client gets a feel of what the final changes will look like. In doing so, Sam reflects his strong ability to mix and match different designed and create a completely new image which reflects a high ability in the area of ____ A. coordination B. visualization C. response orientation D. mathematical reasoning E. perceptual speed
B
The "g-factor" refers to A. gross motor facilitation B. general cognitive ability C. gross body equilibrium D. gross body coordination E. general adaption syndrome
B
The belief that one would receive the desired outcomes if he/she is doing a good job is known as A. Valence B. Instrumentality C. Expectancy
B
The tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectation is called A. social identification B. selective perception C. availability bias D. environmental bias E. collective perception
B
When employees observe others and learn from what they see, and then repeat what they learn, they are engaging in A. structural modeling B. behavioral modeling C. extrinsic learning D. hierarchical learning
B
Which of the following is an example of intrinsic motivation? a. Tony has to finish the task because if he does not, he will lose the job. b. Amanda decided to take an extra marketing course because she loves to know more about the subject. c. Peter has just finished his homework as part of the requirement even though he does not like it.
B
Which theory indicated that the ratio of inputs and outputs; and what is happening to other people are the key factors to foster motivation? A. expectancy theory B. Equity theory C. Goal Getting
B
Piece-rate pay is an example of ____ reinforcement schedule A. fixed interval B. fixed ratio C. variable ratio D. continuous
B.
According to the equity theory, the process of thinking in a different way without changing one's behaviors to regain mental balance is known as A. Self-actualization B. Self-recognition C. Cognitive distortion D. Self-balancing
C
Amanda believes that if she works hard, she would finish her task and achieve successful performance. Which of the following best describes Amanda's belief about exerting high level of effort? A. Valence B. Equity C. Expectancy D. Instrumentality E. Emotional cues
C
Amanda can be described as an ambitious individual. She joined Atlas Corporation as a junior recruiter and wants to climb the corporate ladder to become a team leader in the future. She strives for power and influence at work. Having that goal in mind Rita storks hard to build up her reputation, makes time to interact with not only her manager but other managers as well, and lets everyone know how passionate she is about working at Atlas. In the context of the Big Five Taxonomy, the personality dimension ____ best describes Rita A. neuroticism B. agreeableness C. extraversion D. conscientiousness E. openness to experience
C
At a World Issue Conference, all the participants were asked to develop a response to two case situations. People split themselves up into teams based on their occupations. Which of the following helps to explain why the participants acted this way? A. self-fulfilling prophecy B. bandwagon effect C. social identity theory D. projection bias E. collective perception
C
Four specific consequences to modify employee behavior that organizations use are known as: A. attribution biases B. communities of practice C. contingencies of reinforcement D. climates of transfer E. heuristics
C
Peter is not very confident that he would be able to come back to finish the degree that he enrolled 5 years ago and had to quit. However, his wife and family has convinced him that he could succeed and finish the program without any difficulty. Which of the following Considerations dictated Peter's self-efficacy? A. Past accomplishments B. vicarious experiences C. verbal persuasion D. equity distress E. instrumentality
C
Peter tends to rely heavily on one source of information when making decisions. He is making which of these biases? A. availability bias B. confirmation bias C. anchoring D. framing
C
Potential job candidates are chosen based on the ability to choose the right action quickly in response to several different signals and the ability to respond quickly to signaling information after it occurs. The following selection criteria indicate that to be selected, a candidate must have two psychomotor abilities of: A. perceptual speed and extent flexibility B. number facility and response orientation abilities C. response orientation and low response time D. visualization and gross motor coordination
C
The belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives is which dimension of trustworthiness? A. Affect B. competence C. benevolence D. trust propensity E. ability
C
The first step in the behavioral modeling process is A. reinforcement B. production process C. attention process D. retention process
C
The students of Holy Oak Academy always got low grades in mathematics. The management looked into the matter and found out that though the handouts given by the professor were extremely good, the professor was unable to verbally convey the steps and procedures involved. The professor demonstrated A. low ability of written comprehension and high ability of oral comprehension B. low ability of written expression and high ability of oral expression C. high ability of written expression and and low ability of oral expression D. high ability of written comprehension and low ability of oral expression E. high ability of written expression and high ability of oral comprehension
C
Which of the following is an element of a unit-focused compensation plan? A. merit pay B. lump-sum bonus C. gain sharing D. profit sharing E. piece-rate
C
(cont) Assuming that peter selected an applicant only because he displayed personality traits similar to one of his best performers. Identify the bias facing peter is this case A. anchoring B. recency C. framing D. representativeness E. false consensus
D
A group of friends start their own venture capital firm with the resources and abilities they have. Peter is really good at applying formulas to solve complex problems that involve numbers. Teddy excels in combining specific data into general conclusions. Ralf is able to study stock market data and predict how the market fluctuations will affect the industry. These employees believe that they can build a great future and they are working hard towards their goals. Form the information given, it can be concluded that Ralf has a high ability in the area of _____ A. spatial orientation B. visualization C. response orientation D. speed and flexibility closure E. originality
D
Bankers on Wall Street have to choose and apply formulas to solve problems related to the economy and the stock market. Which of the following abilities is being reflected here? A. inductive reasoning B. emotional stability C. perceptual speed D. mathematical reasoning E. perceptual speed
D
Hofstede's research found that a culture on high ___ accepts the fact that authority is usually distributed unequally within organizations A. collectivism B. uncertainty avoidance C. masculinity D. power distance E. short-term orientation
D
Learning has _____ effect on job performance and ____ effect on organizational commitment A. a moderate negative; a moderate postive B. a strong positive; a moderate negative C. a weak negative, a strong positive D. a moderate postive, a weak postive E. a weak postive, a moderate negative
D
Peter saw one of his classmates littering after class and he was very upset about that. However, he needed to leave for his next class and soon forgot about it to focus on his class. From this scenario, it can be concluded that peter has a high degree of ____ A. other awareness B. originality C. personal distress D. emotional regulation E. emotional arousal
D
Peter, owner of Little Tikes, regularly uses abusive and derogatory words when dealing with his subordinates. From this scenario, it can be concluded that workers at Little Tikes lack ___ A. distributive justice B. informational justice C. procedural justice D. interpersonal justice E. restorative justice
D
Trust shares a positive correlation with all except A. job performance B. affective commitment C. normative commitment D. continuance commitment E. task performance
D
Which of the following is not the sources of self-efficacy? A. Vicarious experiences B. Emotional cues C. Verbal persuasion D. Future accomplishments
D
Which of the following is the first step in the four-component model of ethical decision making? A. moral intent B. moral judgement C. ethical behavior D. moral awareness E. moral identity
D
Which of these occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job? A. heuristics B. communities of practice C. illusion of control D. transfer of training E. attribution anchoring
D
"Approaching tasks by planning and setting goals" describes the ___ type of Myers-Briggs indicator A. perceiving B. introversion C. extraversion D. feeling E. judging
E
(cont) Assuming that peter interviews people mainly to analyze if they have the ability to address the latest problem that the store is facing. Identify the bias facing Peter in this case A. anchoring B. representativeness C. framing D. contrast E. recency
E
A group of friends start their own venture capital firm with the resources and abilities they have. Peter is really good at applying formulas to solve complex problems that involve numbers. Teddy excels in combining specific data into general conclusions. Ralf is able to study stock market data and predict how the market fluctuations will affect the industry. These employees believe that they can build a great future and they are working hard towards their goals. Form the information given, it can be concluded that Teddy has a high ability in the area of _____ A. mathematical reasoning B. spatial reasoning C. perceptual speed D. verbal comprehension E. inductive reasoning
E
A job analysis revealed that the primary skills required in applicants for a particular job is the ability to make effective decisions based on presented sets of facts. Which of the following types of abilities is job analysis describing here? A. inductive reasoning B. spatial reasoning C. hypothetical reasoning D. quantitive reasoning E. deductive reasoning
E
Bounded rationality advocates A. pick the alternative that minimizes value B. evaluate all alternatives simultaneously C. use accurate information to evaluate alternatives D. develop and exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions E. choose the first acceptable alternative
E
Ford does not have enough funds and has decided to implement the piece-rate system of payment. This way the workers who perform better will get higher wages and it would not be a huge burden on the company's bank account. Which if the following methods of reinforcement schedules has Ford implemented? A. continuous B. fixed interval C. variable ratio D. variable interval E. fixed ratio
E
The Big Five dimension ____ is also called by its flip side; "Emotional Stability" or "Emotional Adjustment" A. conscientiousness B. extraversion C. agreeableness D. openness to experience E. neuroticism
E
Which of the following is an example of especially ethical behaviors? A. moral awareness B. economic exchange C. abusive supervision D. legal compliance E. whistle-blowing
E
Which of the following is not the dimensions of psychological empowerment? A. meaningfulness B. self-determination C. competence D. impact E. bonus
E
Emotional intelligence is a more important determinant of job performance for people with lower levels of cognitive intelligence T/F
T
Affect-based trust is all rational and not emotional T/F
F
Amanda was introduced to Peter at her friend's birthday party and agreed to go on a date with him the following weekend. Her agreement to go out when she just met him demonstrates affect-based trust T/F
F
Bonus received for meeting unit goals for criteria controllable by employees is a lump-sum bonus. T/F
F
Emotional regulation reflects the degree to which people can harness emotions and employ them to improve their chances of being successful in whatever they are seeking to do T/F
F
Employees gauge procedural justice by asking whether decisions outcomes, such as pay and rewards, are allocated using proper norms T/F
F
Hanna's manager just took credit for her hard work, again! She is so angry that she throws her coffee cup across her office, sends off an angry email to a client, and is rude to her assistant for the rest of the day. Hannah demonstrates a low level use of emotions, one of the factors in emotional intelligence T/F
F
In the context of the Big Five Taxonomy, openness to experience is related to performance across all occupations T/F
F
Instrumentality represents the belief that stressful performance will result in negative outcomes. T/F
F
Mary neither has the necessary skills no knowledge for a task she is assigned for, and she knows she won't be able to complete the task. However, she really wants the bonus for the completion of the task. According to the expectancy theory, Mary will be highly motivated to complete the task. T/F
F
Scores on cognitive ability test have a strong negative correlation with measures of performance across different types of jobs T/F
F
The belief that a person has the capabilities needed to do what is necessary for the success of a task is known as self-actualization T/F
F
The central premise of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is that employees have more career satisfaction and longevity in occupations that match their personality type T/F
F
Three dimensions that people gauge the track record of an authority are: ability, skills and benevolence T/F
F
Valence can only be positive and never be zero
F
Variable interval schedule happens when a specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired behavior T/F
F
Wonderlic Personnel Test is a personality assessment tool T/F
F
