MGMT Final

Which psychologist's work laid the foundation for the study of behavior modification?

B.F. Skinner

The Two-Factor Theory was developed by which of the following theorists?

Frederick Herzberg

Which of the following is NOT a "tell" that someone is using impression management?

More hand gesturing

Which conflict resolution strategy embodies a "nobody wins, nobody loses" mindset?

avoiding

Which of the following is an example of surface-level diversity?

ethnicity

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of integrative negotiation?

you should focus on interests, not positions

Which of the following is an example of abuse of power?

interfering with job performance, discouraging employees from helping others, disrespecting individual dignity, and withholding deserved rewards

Deep-level characteristics are those considered to be

invisible

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe technology?

technology combines and transforms resources into outcomes

It can be difficult to develop a sense of community with a team that never actually meets together in the same room, which is called a

virtual team

Employees who telecommute typically __________ in the corporate office, compared to those who do not telecommute.

spend less time

Which of the following terms refers to forming oversimplified beliefs about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in that particular group will behave the same way?

stereotyping

Which theory serves as the basis for job enrichment?

Two-factor theory

What term refers to a searchable, archivable website that allows people to comment on and edit one another's work in real time?

Wiki

Which of the following best describes the stages of group development?

A group that fully evolves through the four stages of development usually is productive.

What is the reasoning behind role modeling?

A leader behaves in the same way that he or she wants subordinates to behave

Diversity management involves which of the following?

creating fair company policies and practices, giving all employees equal access to mentors, giving all employees equal access to performance feedback, and providing diversity training programs

Usually, high work stress results in __________ job performance.

decreased

Which of the following is NOT a recommended coping strategy for stress?

discontinuing and exercise program

Wakefield Hospital has only one portable X-ray machine. The emergency room staff claim to have the greatest need for the machine, but the surgeons in the operating room are demanding access to the machine as well. The conflict between these two groups is a result of

resource constraints

Ivan is trying to understand the concern of an angry customer, but several employees keep interrupting the conversion. These interruptions are an example of

noise

If an organization's managers show bigotry or prejudice toward a group of employees, what are the potential consequences to the organization?

legal and financial consequences as well as potentially reducing creativity and innovation among workers

Sam has good working relationships with his boss and coworkers and is concerned that the upcoming organization change might disrupt these relationships. Sam is most likely to resist the change because of

fear of the unknown

Job enlargement is also referred to as

horizontal job loading

Which of the following is NOT a relaxation technique for coping with work stress?

making a to-do list

A successful MBO program starts with top managers establishing which of the following?

overall organizational goals

Reducing the work hours of low performing employees is an example of

punishment

When a conflict begins to escalate, one of the best ways to prevent further escalation is to

react equivalently to the other party, and try not to overact.

Which of the following types of task interdependence has the most communication requirements?

reciprocal interdependence

An up-and-coming executive who is charismatic is likely exhibiting __________ power.

referent power

A ____ is a set of expected behaviors associated with a particular position in a group or organization.

role

A primary source of conflict is __________, which can lead to information conflict.

uncertainty

In Lewin's process model of change, the process by which people become aware of the need for change is called

unfreezing step

Employee talent is relied on most in which type of production?

unit production

The desire to control, influence, or be responsible for others is called a need for

need for power

Behavioral consequences of organizational stress include all of the followingEXCEPT

negative changes in attitudes

Which of the following is NOT recommended in order to become a better listener?

never react to unusual or inconsistent communication cues from the speaker

__________ cohesive groups will not necessarily be more productive in an organizational sense than groups with low cohesiveness.

highly

In the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign, the step that follows formulation of the redesign strategy is

implementation of the task changes

Karson Photography Studios previously hired and managed its own custodial staff, but the company recently started contracting this work to a cleaning company. This is an example of

outsourcing

Which of the following describes the reverse mentoring technique?

pairing a senir employee with a junior employee to transfer the shills of the junior employee to the senior employee

General mental ability tests examine which of the following?

perceptual ability, verbal reasoning, mathematical reasoning, logic

Which type of organizational structure provides the founder the most control over the organization's decisions and growth?

pre-bureaucratic structure

Which influence tactic risks undesirable side effects such as resentment?

pressure

The management department plans to grow based on several agreed-upon goals, but department members can't seem to agree on how the goals will actually be achieved. The management department is experiencing

process conflict

John has satisfied his basic physiological needs, and he is also very social and has many friends. He is now trying to learn new skills and advance his career. John's activities are explained by which component of Existence, Relatedness, and Growth (ERG) theory?

satisfaction-progression

Which of the following occurs when we interpret what we see based on our interests, expectations, experience, and attitudes rather than on how things really are?

selective perception

According to the human resource approach to motivation, offering employees __________ is the best way to enhance motivation in the workplace.

self-direction

An example of an intrinsic work value is

challenging work

Medical, psychological, and behavioral responses to stress are primarily

individual consequences

Which of the following statements about knowledge workers is NOT true?

knowledge workers do not specifically add value to the organization

Which of the following best reflects low individualism?

valuing harmony more than honesty

A __________ reinforcement schedule is one in which the desired behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time has elapsed.

variable-interval reinforcement

__________ conflict occurs across different hierarchical levels in the organization.

vertical conflict

The cost of teams includes which of the following factors?

adapting a slower process

Which of the following are two types of affectivity?

positive and negative

The ERG Theory was developed by which of the following theorists?

Clay Alderfer

Which organizational source of resistance to change occurs when group norms act as a brake on individual attempts at behavior change?

group inertia

A communication medium that allows the speaker to convey physical presence, voice inflection, nonverbal cues, and pictures is said to have high

ability to transmit multiple cues

Which of the following statements best reflects the costs of teams to organizations?

accepting the increased bureaucracy

Which conflict resolution strategy entails giving the other party what it wants?

accommodating conflict resolution style

According to the framework presented by David McClelland, the desire to master complex tasks or to do things more efficiently is called a need for

achievement

When choosing team members, which of the following abilities would you NOT specifically look for?

coerciveness

If an employee is satisfied with his or her job because he or she perceives the company's health benefit plan is better than what most other companies offer, it is an example of the __________ component of your attitude.

cognition

Goal __________ is defined as the extent to which a person is interested in reaching a goal.

commitment

Which dimension of self-efficacy refers to beliefs about how confident the person is that the task can be accomplished?

compensation equivalent to that available to management

Which of the following is one of the four basic factors that affect group performance?

composition

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven universal emotions?

confusion

Gustav, an entry-level employee, feels his manager holds him to a much higher standard than others in the department. He sees Gladys, a manager in another department, in the hall, and he stops to ask her for advice about how to deal with what he perceives to be unfair treatment from his manager. This is an example of which of the following types of communication?

diagonal

Which type of negotiation occurs when any gain to one party is offset by an equivalent loss to the other?

distributive negotiation

The main advantage of division of labor is that it promotes

efficient use of labor

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) recently upheld a decision regarding pay secrecy that states that

employers cannot enforce a rule that forbids employees from discussing their salaries

In a ____________, all functional activities are controlled by a product group at headquarters; local managers do not usually provide input into product decisions and are involved only in local administrative, legal, and financial affairs.

global product division structure

Large organizations tend to have a _________ hierarchy and more specialization than small organizations.

greater

Which of the following occurs when the amount of information available exceeds our ability to process it?

information overload

The Internet allows people to access only the information they want, a broadcast technique called

information pull

Giving people information that they did not ask for is a broadcast technique called

information push

The __________ component of an attitude guides an individual's behavior in a situation.

intention

Which of the following describes the concept of empowerment?

it is the process of sharing power and giving others the authority to make decisions

Which of the following methods can be used to enhance individual performance at work?

job design, employee participation, performance management, and goal setting

Herzberg's two-factor, dual-structure theory was a response to the prevailing thinking that

job satisfaction ranged from satisfaction to dissatisfaction

All of the following are true of large groups EXCEPT

large do not set many rules or regulations

A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience is called

learning

Physical movements and body language are forms of

nonverbal communication

Which of the following is not one of the purposes of norms?

norms are not a means of regulating group members' thoughts and feelings

According to the goal-setting theory, actual performance is determined by the interaction of

organizational support, goal-directed effort, and individual abilities

All of the following are examples of body language EXCEPT

shouting

If you have the ability to sense and understand how others feel, even without being told, you have the ability to

show empathy

__________ happens when people are motivated to look good to others and want to maintain a positive self-image.

social facilitation

The benefits of job sharing include all of the following EXCEPT

the organization is demonstrating it is concerned about worker safety.

Group norms result from a combination of all of the following, EXCEPT

the size of the group

All of the following are key characteristics of a group EXCEPT

there is no opportunity for members to influence eachother

According to the acquired needs framework, high-need achievers are not effective top managers because

top managers seldom receive immediate feedback, which high-need achievers seek

Managers may enhance their referent power by

treating subordinates fairly, defending subordinates' interests, choosing subordinates who have backgrounds similar to their own, engaging in role modeling

The ill-advised conflict resolution approach called _________ involves arguing vigorously for one's own opinions and refusing to change the position, regardless of what will have to be sacrificed.

winning at all costs