MGMT final chap 1
what are the three reasons high performance work practices perspectives improve organizational effectiveness?
1. builds human capital, which improves performance 2. superior human capital may improve the organization's adaptability to rapidly changing environments 3. these activities strengthen employees' motivation and attitudes toward the employer (investing and recognizing your workforce will motivate employees to reciprocate through greater effort in their jobs)
high performance work practices perspective: what are the four high performance work practices
1. employee involvement 2. job autonomy 3. employee competence 4. link performance and skill development to various forms of financial and non-financial rewards valued by employees
organizational learning perspective: the stock of organizational knowledge: three components and overall name (just name them)
1. human capital 2. structural capital 3. relationship capital all three together: intellectual capital
organizational learning perspective: what are the four organizational learning processes for intellectual capital?
1. knowledge acquisition 2. knowledge sharing 3. knowledge use 4. knowledge storage
what are the four anchors of organizational behavior knowledge?
1. systematic research anchor 2. multi-disciplinary anchor 3. contingency anchor 4. multiple levels of analysis anchor
what are multiple levels of analysis anchor?
OB events should be understood from three levels of analysis: individual, team, and organization
what is multi-disciplinary anchor?
OB should import knowledge from other disciplines, not just create its own knowledge
what is systematic research anchor?
OB should study organizations using systematic research methods
what is contingency anchor?
OB theory should recognize that the effects of actions often vary with the situation
what is organizational effectiveness?
a broad concept represented by several perspectives, including the organization's fit with the external environment, internal subsystems configuration for high performance, emphasis on organizational learning, and ability to satisfy the needs of key stakeholders
what is knowledge storage?
any means by which knowledge is held for later retrieval - the process that creates organizational memory
open systems: one last vital part
coordination. usually far from ideal but vital in the relationship among organizational subsystems
what is knowledge sharing?
distributing knowledge to others in the organization
what is virtual work?
employees use information technology to perform their jobs away from the physical workplace
what is ethics?
ethics refers to the study of moral principles or values that determine whether actions are right or wrong and outcomes are good or bad
what is knowledge acquisition?
extracting information and ideas from the external environment. most powerful ways is hiring new employees or acquiring whole businesses
high performance work practices perspective
founded on the belief that that human capital is an important source of competitive advantage however it tries to identify a specific bundle of systems and structures that generate the most value from this human capital
what are the three contemporary challenges facing organizations?
globalization, increasing workforce diversity, and emerging employment relationships
open system: internal subsystems effectiveness (what's the most common indicator of internal transformation process?) what do two traits must a company possess in addition to efficiency?
how effectively a company operates internally aka how well it turns inputs into outputs. - most common indicator: organizational efficiency aka productivity, the ratio of inputs to outcomes - need to be adaptive and innovative
what are challenges of diversity?
it can be a source of conflict, it can take longer to get something done, and can bring out communication problems
what is Corporate Social Responsibility?
it consists of organizational activities intended to benefit society or the environment or anything beyond the firm's financial interests or legal obligations
what is the open systems perspective?
it is a perspective where organizations depend on the external environment for resources, affect that environment through their output, and have internal subsystems that transform inputs into outputs
what is surface-level diversity?
it's is the observable diversity aka demographic: race, ethnicity, gender, age, and physical capabilities
what is organizational behavior?
it's the study of what people think, feel, and do in and around organizations
what is human capital?
knowledge, skills and ability employees carry around in their heads it is valuable (helps discover opportunities and minimize threats), rare and hard to imitate (difficult to find and cannot be cloned), and non-substitutable (cannot replace with technology)
what is evidence-based management?
making decisions and taking actions based on this systematic research evidence
what is work-life balance?
occurs when people are able to minimize conflict between their work and nonwork demands
what are the four perspectives of organizational effectiveness?
open systems, organizational learning, high-performance work practices, and stakeholders
what is structural capital? also called...
organizational capital. includes the knowledge captured and retained in an organization's system such as physical layout or documentation of work procedures
open system: environmental fit factor
organizations are effective when they maintain a good "fit" with their external environments - meaning they anticipate changes, put resources where they are most useful, and move into different environments
what is stakeholder perspective? what are some examples of stakeholders?
organizations are more effective when it takes into the account the needs and expectations of any individual group or entity that affects/is affected by the organization's objectives -stakeholders are anyone with a stake in the company (i.e. employees, labor unions, suppliers, government, etc.)
what is deep-level diversity?
psychological characteristics of employees aka personalities, beliefs, values, and attitudes
what is globalization and why is it a challenge
refers to economic, social, and cultural connectivity with people in other parts of the world. it's a challenge because it has increased work intensification and requires additional skills in emotional intelligence, nonverbal communication, conflict handling, and having a global mindset
what is knowledge use?
the advantage from knowledge comes from applying it in ways that add value to the organization and its stakeholders
organizational learning perspective: what is absorptive capacity?
the concept that one must have knowledge prerequisite - companies need employees with sufficient background information of a foundation of expertise in order to receive and apply new knowledge
organizational learning perspective: organizational memory and unlearning
the idea of retaining information and intellectual capital but also unlearning routines and patterns that are no longer appropriate. gets rid of things that may hurt the organization effectiveness (attitudes, policies, procedures, beliefs, etc)
what are organizations? what are two key features of them?
they are groups of people who work interdependently towards some purpose. 1. they are collective entities 2. their members have a collective sense of purpose
what are values?
they are relatively stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences for outcomes or courses of action in a variety of situations. they help us know what is right and wrong or good and bad
what is relationship capital?
value derived from an organization's relationships with customers, suppliers, and others who provide mutual value for the organization
organizational learning perspective (also called...?) what idea is organizational learning founded on?
views knowledge as the main driver of competitive advantage (also known as knowledge management) - founded on the idea that organizational effectiveness depends on the organization's capacity to acquire, share, use and store valuable knowledge