MGMT Final Exam- Ben Blum

Marco thrives on setting goals for himself, and he has a strong need for specific and immediate feedback. Which need does this fulfill for Marco? a. achievement b. affiliation c. security d. power e. esteem

a. achievement

Why does written communication inhibit feedback and exchange? a. lag time b. messages get lost c. content is easy to alter d. poor quality writing e. degree of accuracy

a. lag time

Kaia's organization uses a single-product strategy and relies on functional departmentalization. Which type of corporate-level strategy is her organization likely to use? a. mechanistic b. unrelated diversification c. prospector d. unrelated diversification e. related diversification

a. mechanistic

How can managers use the grapevine as an asset? a. By learning who the key people in the grapevine are, managers can use the grapevine to start a cluster chain. b. By learning who the key people in the grapevine are, managers can use the grapevine to sound out employee reactions to new ideas. c. By using the grapevine, managers can promote vertical communication. d. By using the grapevine, managers can maintain a hierarchical system. e. By learning who the key people in the grapevine are, managers can use the grapevine to start a gossip chain, communicating inaccurate information.

b. By learning who the key people in the grapevine are, managers can use the grapevine to sound out employee reactions to new ideas

As described by Burns and Stalker, mechanistic organizations are most like ____. a. System 4 organizations b. bureaucracies c. hybrid organizations d. matrix organizations e. organizational networks

b. bureaucracies

Performance appraisals are part of ____ control. a. physical b. human resources c. inventory d. information e. financial

b. human resources

Cheri and Aaron both wanted to work part time, and they found a lawyer who was willing to split one full-time paralegal job between the two of them so that Cheri works mornings and Aaron works afternoons. This arrangement is known as ____. a. behavior modification b. job sharing c. participation d. reinforcement e. flextime

b. job sharing

Who is responsible for the enforcement of Title VII? a. National Labor Relations Board b. U.S. Supreme Court c. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission d. Department of Labor e. Occupational Safety and Health Administration

c. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

The control of ____ resources affects all the other resources in an organization. a. information b. physical c. financial d. human e. inventory

c. financial

A manager who provides reinforcement on the basis of a particular number of behaviors, rather than on the basis of time, is using a(n) ____ schedule. a. fixed-interval b. variable-interval c. fixed-ratio d. variable-ratio e. interval-ratio

c. fixed-ratio

During the ____ stage of group development, the members begin to try out various behaviors in an attempt to determine the interpersonal behaviors that are acceptable in the group. a. performing b. storming c. forming d. norming e. transforming

c. forming

In what common form of executive compensation are senior managers able to buy shares in the company at a predetermined fixed price? a. profit sharing plan b. gainsharing plan c. stock option plan d. Scanlon plan e. ESOP

c. stock option plan

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act forbids discrimination against workers above what age? a. 65 b. 50 c. 55 d. 40 e. 45

d. 40

In the National Football League, each player plays the same position in each game. NFL teams use ____. a. job enlargement b. job characteristics approach c. job rotation d. job specialization e. job enrichment

d. job specialization

A(n) ____ is created by an organization to accomplish a relatively narrow range of purposes within a stated or implied time horizon. a. quality circle b. work team c. functional group d. interest group e. task group

e. task group

Why might a subordinate be reluctant to accept delegation? a. Failure might result in reprimand. b. They do not want ultimate responsibility for the outcome. c. There is no clearly identifiable reward for doing so. d. Success might pose a threat to the manager's role. e. They understand their authority and accountability and don't want to add more.

a. Failure might result in reprimand

A team of employees is used to arbitrate conflict in a technique called ____. a. smoothing b. alternative dispute resolution c. soldiering d. compromise e. interpersonal problem solving

b. alternative dispute resolution

A ____ uses a multiple-command structure. a. divisional (M-form) b. matrix c. hybrid d. conglomerate (H-form) e. functional (U-form)

b. matrix

Which of the following focuses on how much people want something and how likely they think they are to get it? a. reinforcement theory b. Maslow's hierarchy c. expectancy theory d. two-factor theory e. variable work schedule

c. expectancy theory

A(n) ____ group is created by its own members for purposes that may or may not be relevant to organizational goals. a. quality circle b. task c. interest d. functional e. work team

c. interest

The ____, passed in 1938 and amended frequently since then, sets a minimum wage and requires the payment of overtime rates for work in excess of 40 hours per week. a. National Labor Relations Act b. Labor Management Relations Act c. Occupational Safety and Health Act d. Fair Labor Standards Act e. National Labor Relations Act

d. Fair Labor Standards Act

Some companies now employ a Chief Ethics Officer, who usually has a legal background and is responsible for whistle-blowing, ethics training, financial statements review, and investigations. This is an example of ____. a. job enrichment b. decentralization c. delegation d. job specialization e. job autonomy

d. job specialization

Which type of control provides a basis for rewarding employees, by recognizing the achievement of a goal or standard? a. strategic b. screening c. preliminary d. postaction e. structural

d. postaction

Which of the following is true of game theory? a. It focuses on the context within which negotiation takes place. b. It investigates the demographic characteristics and personality variables of negotiators. c. It focuses on the personality traits of the negotiators. d. It tries to predict how and when negotiators make departures from perfect rationality. e. It uses mathematical models to predict the outcome of negotiation situations.

e. It uses mathematical models to predict the outcome of negotiation situations.

What is the single most important individual skill for improving communication effectiveness? a. having organizational status b. increasing nonverbal skills c. building credibility d. eliminating noise e. being a good listener

e. being a good listener

When L'Meese is feeling stressed, she often will go to the gym at lunch. What effect on stress would exercise offer L'Meese? a. confidence and optimism b. time management skills c. support from groups d. susceptibility to illness e. delegation of less important tasks

a. confidence and optimism

Anke heard that the new manager joining her department is difficult to deal with. As a result, when Anke met her, Anke immediately disliked her and dismissed all that the new manager had to say. Which of the following created this barrier to communication? a. predispositions b. status c. noise d. poor listening skills e. overload

a. predispositions

Housing, clothing, and job security would all be included in which of Maslow's need categories? a. security b. esteem c. physiological d. belongingness e. self-actualization

a. security

One of the primary approaches to negotiation is to study individual characteristics. Which of the following is an example of an individual characteristic? a. the locus of control of each party b. the type of communication used c. the time frame available for negotiation d. the degree of Machiavellianism e. the locus of control of each party

a. the locus of control of each party

In human resource management, ____ usually refers to teaching operational or technical employees how to do the job for which they were hired. a. training b. assessment c. job specialization d. job rotation e. development

a. training

Which of the following serves to weaken organizational commitment? a. an individual's age b. a sense of job security c. seeing oneself as an outsider d. position title and pay scale e. participation in decision making

c. seeing oneself as an outsider

Employees at GreenTech Inc. complete their schedules on time as every hour they take in excess may lead to a corresponding loss of pay. Their behaviors are strengthened through ____. a. avoidance b. punishment c. extinction d. positive reinforcement e. incentives

a. avoidance

The second stage of the organizational life cycle _____. a. characterized by the growth of a firm's resources b. a period of stability, eventually evolving into decline c. a period of technological innovation d. followed immediately by the stage of maturity e. a period of gradual growth evolving into stability

a. characterized by the growth of a firm's resources

The ____ role refers to what the individual actually does in his or her role in the group. a. enacted b. perceived c. conflict d. expected e. sent

a. enacted

What can be used to balance the negative aspects of specialization by allowing workers to do a different type of work each day? a. job rotation b. work team creation c. job enrichment d. autonomy e. job enlargement

a. job rotation

The ____ is a management policy decision about whether a firm wants to pay above, at, or below the going rate for labor in the industry or the geographic area. a. wage-level decision b. individual benefit decision c. individual wage decision d. wage-structure decision e. benefit-level decision

a. wage-level decision

When are individual incentive pay plans most effective? a. when rewards occur on a real-time basis b. when quality is more important than quantity c. when performance can be subjectively assessed d. when tied to year-end profitability e. when sophisticated methodologies are required

a. when rewards occur on a real-time basis

What do functional groups and interest groups have in common? a. Both exist for a limited period of time. b. Both have an unspecified time horizon. c. Both are formed by an organization to accomplish organizational purposes. d. Both represent a major form of organizational change. e. Both are formed by their own members.

b. Both have an unspecified time horizon.

What is the relationship between levels of satisfaction and job performance? a. Low levels of satisfaction can lead to higher levels of contribution. b. High levels of satisfaction might have no relationship to performance. c. High levels of satisfaction lead to an external locus of control. d. Low levels of satisfaction may result in an employee staying at an organization too long. e. High levels of satisfaction lead to higher performance.

b. High levels of satisfaction might have no relationship to performance.

When an agreement for a labor contract has been reached, what must occur before it becomes binding? a. The collective bargaining unit must be identified. b. It must be ratified by membership. c. It must be approved by an arbitrator. d. Employees must be given a chance to opt out of unionization. e. The National Labor Relations Board will certify the election.

b. It must be ratified by membership.

Which of the following is an advantage of using a functional design for organizational structure? a. The performance of each division is measured independently. b. Key positions can be staffed with experts. c. It promotes organizational focus. d. It is easy to change the functional design if needed. e. It is difficult to integrate activities across diverse operations

b. Key positions can be staffed with experts.

Which training method would be most effective for training employees about ethical dilemmas and ethical decision making? a. programmed instruction b. case discussion groups c. on-the-job training d. job specialization e. the lecture method

b. case discussion groups

When groups or an individual agree to a middle-range position between two extremes during conflict resolution efforts, what are they working toward? a. avoidance b. compromise c. confrontation d. stimulation e. smoothing

b. compromise

SegSystems gives its workers a small bonus every time they achieve 100 injury-free days in a row. The type of reinforcement used here is ____. a. fixed-interval b. fixed-ratio c. variable-ratio d. fixed-variable e. variable-interval

b. fixed-ratio

Which of the following is a characteristic of organic organizations? a. centralized authority b. high fluidity c. mass production d. specialized jobs e. stable environments

b. high fluidity

The Porter-Lawler extension of expectancy theory suggests that ____. a. high effort leads to high outcome, regardless of actual performance b. high performance may lead to high satisfaction c. satisfaction and performance levels are completely independent d. high satisfaction leads to high performance e. performance is more valuable than outcome in understanding effort

b. high performance may lead to high satisfaction

What can be defined as the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways? a. management b. motivation c. personality d. contribution e. attribution

b. motivation

What is the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about his or her environment? a. cognitive dissonance b. perception c. openness d. extraversion e. cognition

b. perception

Frequent sources of interpersonal conflict in organizations are ____, when two people distrust each other's motives, dislike each other, or for some other reason simply cannot get along. a. changes in environment b. personality clashes c. incompatible goals d. interdependencies e. scarce resources

b. personality clashes

Effective communication is the process of ____. a. transmitting data from one person to another b. sending a message so that the message received is as close in meaning as possible to the intended message c. transmitting data from one person to another in a way that has meaning d. transmitting information from one person to another e. sending and receiving messages

b. sending a message so that the message received is as close in meaning as possible to the intended message

When is a control system considered to be flexible? a. when employees support the system b. when it can accommodate change c. when less frequent measurement is needed d. when information is as subjective e. when there is little linkage between control and planning

b. when it can accommodate change

Why should a firm periodically examine its structure? a. to ensure high levels of job satisfaction for employees b. to increase shareholder value c. to determine whether it is facilitating the attainment of its strategic goals d. to evaluate the competition e. to evaluate its capital expenditures

c. to determine whether it is facilitating the attainment of its strategic goals

What is the purpose of arbitration during a contract dispute? a. to supervise the election process b. to force management to uphold the spirit of the union contract c. to resolve contract disputes d. to ensure higher wages e. to arrange and manage the decertification process

c. to resolve contract disputes

Which of the following is true of job sharing? a. It breaks the workday into flexible time and core time. b. It allows employees to spend part of their time working offsite. c. It allows flexibility in the start and ending times of the shift. d. It allows the organization to benefit from the talents of more people. e. It involves working ten hours a day for four days, leaving an extra day off.

d. It allows the organization to benefit from the talents of more people.

Which of the following best describes organizational citizenship? . It is the behavior of individuals that leads to increased turnover in an organization. b. It is the behavior of individuals that detracts from, rather than contributes to, organizational performance. c. It is the behavior of individuals that indicates the unwillingness to work beyond the basic standards of a job. d. It is the behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization. e. It is the behavior of individuals that results from a strong internal locus of control

d. It is the behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization.

Which of the following is an example of upward communication in organizations? a. a suggestion given by a manager in a team meeting b. a newsletter containing information about the annual profits of an organization c. an email sent by a manager expressing appreciation for a subordinate's efforts d. a leave request sent by a team member to the team manager e. an email containing the specifications of a project sent by a manager to a subordinate

d. a leave request sent by a team member to the team manager

The ____ lists the skills, abilities, and other credentials needed to do a job. a. article of incorporation b. job description c. statement of qualification d. job specification e. replacement chart

d. job specification

An engineer assigned to the embosser department also works with people in the sander department to coordinate the efforts between the two groups. The engineer is likely acting as a(n) ____. a. monitor b. disseminator c. integrator d. liaison e. taskmaster

d. liaison

change is initiated in the psychological contract between an employee and an organization if the ____. a. employee perceives it to be fair b. organization achieves a perfect person-job fit c. organization perceive it to be equitable d. organization sees an imbalance e. employee is satisfied with his performance

d. organization sees an imbalance

The extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by an organization is called ____. a. psychological contract b. employee contribution c. individual difference d. person-job fit e. organizational inducement

d. person-job fit

Which is a type of reward system wherein an organization pays an employee a certain amount of money for every unit he or she produces? a. gainsharing b. Scanlon plan c. merit pay plan d. piece-rate incentive plan e. incentive pay

d. piece-rate incentive plan

At BMW the marketing department helps develop sales forecast for the operations managers, who give availability information to dealerships. When dealerships have a specific order, they send it to operations. What level of interdependence does this example represent? a. pooled b. sequential c. mixed d. reciprocal e. functional

d. reciprocal

One of the major limitations of the individual differences approach to negotiation, which negated the effects of individual difference, is that it did not consider ____. a. locus of control b. demographic characteristics c. Machiavellianism d. situation variables e. authoritarianism

d. situation variables

Which of the following approaches to negotiation tries to predict how and when negotiators will make departures from perfect rationality? a. Machiavellianism b. situational characterization c. game theory d. the cognitive approach e. the demographic approach

d. the cognitive approach

What is the process of teaching managers and professionals the skills needed for both present and future jobs? a. performance appraisal b. coaching c. validation d. job evaluation e. development

e. development

What is the systematized procedure for collecting and recording information about jobs within an organization? a. job evaluation b. job specialization c. job enlargement d. job enrichment e. job analysis

e. job analysis

The ____ budget shows the anticipated differences between sales or revenue and expenses. a. cash flow b. labor c. expense d. capital expenditure e. profit

e. profit

An example of judgmental performance measure is ____. a. total sales b. number of units produced c. scrap rate d. dollar volume of sales e. ranking

e. ranking

What is the goal of effective controls in organizations? a. to maximize profitability b. to be accurate and timely c. to encourage flexibility d. to integrate planning with control systems e. to successfully regulate and monitor activities

e. to successfully regulate and monitor activities

What is a counterproductive side effect of using punishment as a reinforcement method? a. resentment b. participation c. empowerment d. commitment e. motivation

a. resentment

Sabine wants to encourage creativity in her department. Which of the following will help her achieve that? a. setting explicit goals b. avoiding conflict c. encouraging cautiousness d. punishing failure e. focusing on cognitive abilities

a. setting explicit goals

Often negotiators cannot change their relative power positions. This is a drawback to which negotiation approach? a. situational characteristics b. game theory c. individual differences d. Machiavellianism e. cognitive approaches

a. situational characteristics

Which of the following is true of intergroup conflict? a. It often arises from increased group interdependence. b. It occurs among members of the same group. c. It occurs between organizations and consumer groups. d. It can be eliminated by increasing competition for resources. e. It is typically reduced by increasing group interdependence.

a. It often arises from increased group interdependence.

A wide span of management produces ____. a. a flat organization b. a near-virtual organization c. a vertical organization d. a parallel organization e. multiple layers of management

a. a flat organization

When departments or units operate with little interaction, and the profits and losses are simply added together, the units operate with ____ interdependence. a. hierarchical b. pooled c. mixed d. functional e. sequential

b. pooled

Mikel has set up his company so that there is an unbroken line of authority with him at the top. This extends to every position in the organization. This makes Mikel ultimately responsible for everything that goes on in his company. What did Mikel use to set up this chain of authority? a. a flat organization b. scalar principle c. authority d. departmentalization by sequence e. a high degree of decentralization

b. scalar principle

Yoshiko is the manager of the accounting department. She has an assistant manager who reports to her. Six supervisors also report to her from other divisions. The supervisors have three subordinates each. Yoshiko has a span of management of ____. a. 10 b. 18 c. 7 d. 19 e. 6

c. 7

Which of the following is true of screening control? a. It monitors the quality of resources before they enter the organization. b. It does not make use of feedback processes. c. It is useful in identifying the cause of problems. d. It does not allow for real time review e. It focuses on outputs after the transformation process is complete.

c. It is useful in identifying the cause of problems.

Eloisa is a high school student with a high need for achievement. Which of the following is most likely to be true of Eloisa? a. She has a need to control her environment. b. She has a desire for companionship. c. She has a desire to assume personal responsibility. d. She has a need for safety and security. e. She has a desire to be influential in a group.

c. She has a desire to assume personal responsibility.

What is the purpose of the collective bargaining process? a. to ensure strikes or other work stoppages are avoided b. to secure pay raises for workers c. to acknowledge the union as the collective bargaining unit d. to agree on a labor contract e. to protect managers from wrongful termination lawsuits

d. to agree on a labor contract

Which of the following factors reduces group cohesiveness? a. intergroup competition b. opportunities for success c. interaction d. unpleasant experiences e. personal attraction

d. unpleasant experiences

Which of the following is an advantage to have a bureaucratic organization? a. service orientation b. improved social processes c. flexibility d. improved efficiency. e. increased organizational commitment

d. improved efficiency.

According to the two-factor theory, which of the following is a hygiene factor that influences an employee's satisfaction or dissatisfaction? a. achievement b. recognition c. the work itself d. working conditions e. advancement and growth

d. working conditions

The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 requires employers to provide up to ____ of ____ leave for family and medical emergencies. a. one year; unpaid b. six months; paid c. one year; paid d. 15 weeks; paid e. 12 weeks; unpaid

e. 12 weeks; unpaid

Which of the following is an example of a direct form of discrimination? a. An organization using realistic job previews to recruit employees. b. An organization intentionally seeking and hiring employees from groups that are underrepresented in the organization. c. An organization hiring professionals based on their experience and skills. d. An organization using employment tests that men pass at a higher rate than women. e. An organization refusing to promote employees belonging to an ethnic minority into management.

e. An organization refusing to promote employees belonging to an ethnic minority into management.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the ideal bureaucracy? a. flexible rules b. arbitrary dismissal c. organic structure d. informal office relations e. a hierarchy of positions

e. a hierarchy of positions

The two universal approaches to organization design that represent the foundation of what we know about organization design are ____. a. administrative and classical b. classical and scientific c. bureaucratic and scientific d. behavioral and administrative e. bureaucratic and behavioral

e. bureaucratic and behavioral

Which of the following represents the grouping of jobs into some logical arrangement? a. job design b. delegation c. job rotation d. specialization e. departmentalization

e. departmentalization

A System 1 organization is most like ____. a. a dictatorship b. an organic design c. a bureaucratic d. a matrix design e. a hybrid design

c. a bureaucratic

An appropriate basis of departmentalization for multinational companies is ____. a. function b. product c. sequence d. location e. customer

d. location

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation, which of the following is a hygiene factor on the job? a. wages and benefits b. the work itself c. achievement d. interpersonal relations e. responsibility

e. responsibility

Workers at McDonald's are trained to cook, clean, take orders, and fill orders. During a shift, they work each job for one hour. This is an example of job ____. a. delegation b. enlargement c. enrichment d. specialization e. rotation

e. rotation