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is a rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. a violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified of the selection rate for a non-protected group

80% rule

false

Companies that succeed are often constantly re-examining strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past in order to ascertain their probable future success.

false

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth studied the psychology of groups.

A method used for compensating employees for team participation and accomplishments?

Gainsharing

The city of College Station, Texas has implemented a program to reward employees for finding ways to save money for the city through improved operations and innovations. The city government is using ____

Gainsharing

false

Global new ventures bring a good or service to market in one foreign market at a time

false

Global new ventures bring a good or service to market in one foreign market at a time.

entrepreneur

In the decisional role of ____, managers adapt themselves, their subordinates, and their units to incremental change.

true

Probability of effect is the chance that something will happen and then result in harm to others

false

Since teams that get stuck in the storming stage will be strained but productive, it is important for team leaders to focus the team on balancing cognitive and affective conflict.

true

The concept of magnitude of consequences is the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision

low resource similarity

Under conditions of ____, a competitive attack by the stronger rival is more likely to produce sustained competitive advantage.

group compensation

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?

design iteration

a cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on that design, and then builds and tests the improved prototype

____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible

a. Delegation of authority CORRECT b. Staff functionality c. A job description d. Decentralization e. An organization chart

change focuses primarily on changing company procedures, management philosophy, or employee behavior

activity-oriented

the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance

at both the beginning and end of the cycle

which of the following is a commonly used method for increasing goal commitment

encouraging worker participation in goal setting

is the tendency to notice and accept objects and information consistent with our values, beliefs, and expectations while ignoring, screening out, or not accepting inconsistent.

selective perceptions

Various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called ____.

stakeholders

For companies whose main products will not be seen by consumers and whose skills lie in productivity anonymity, a ____ could be to create a brand image to create a distinctive competence.

strategic reference point

____ are the targets that managers use to measure whether their firm has developed the core competencies that it needs to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.

strategic reference points

Top-Flight manufactures Strata golf calls and prices these balls at about three times what ordinary golf balls cost. The Strata ball sells exceptionally well because customers perceive its patented three-layer construction to improve handling and increase distance. The patent on these golf balls gives Top-Flite a

sustainable competitive advantage

Which of the following is NOT an example of a commonly used operations management tool?

target marketing

more premature babies than ever before are surviving due to improvements in medical knowledge and care. This improved survival rate can be attributed to the ____ component of hospitals

technological

resource similarity

the extent to which a competitor has similar amounts and kinds of resources

change agent

the person formally in charge of guiding a change effort

cost leadership

the positioning strategy of producing a product or service of acceptable quality at consistently lower production costs than competitors can, so that the firm can offer the product or service at the lowest price in the industry

norming

the thirst stage of development, team members begin to settle into their roles, group cohesion grows, and positive team norms develop

Hot Topic is a fast growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. The owner and founder daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. An employee suggested that the stores should carry a certain type of soda. The employee's suggestion was an example of ____ communications.

upward

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are important to management because they ____.

used motion studies to eliminate unnecessary or repetitive motions from the work process

Kodak is a company associated with photography. The company has recognized that digital photography is a threat to the future growth of the company's film business. Therefore, the company has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. As Kodak tried to compete in this new innovation stream, it entered ____.

...

Tom Valerio was the point man on a major push to reinvent CIGNA Property & Casualty. His vision for CIGNA was to become a top-quartile, specialist property and casualty company. It was a radical proposition. During the organizational change, having this vision was especially important during the ____ stage.

...

What is the first step for managing innovation during discontinuous change?

...

problem

A ____ exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing).

first line manager

A ____ for a McDonald's fast-food restaurant would be responsible for placing orders for food and paper supplies and for setting up weekly work schedules

true

A company using a reactive strategy to respond to demands for social responsibility will do less than society expects.

true

A preference for teamwork (i.e., collectivism), team level, and team diversity can help companies choose the right team members.

false

According to Fayol's 14 principles of management, esprit de corps is a source of major organizational conflict.

potential for long term profitablility

According to Harvard professor Michael Porter, five industry forces (character of rivalry, threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products or services, bargaining power of suppliers, and the bargaining power of buyers) determine an industry's overall attractiveness and its ____.

unity of command

According to Henri Fayol's fourteen principles of management, ____ requires that each employee should report to and receive orders from just one boss

true

After the company founders are gone, stories and heroes can help to sustain the founder's values, attitudes, and beliefs in the organizational culture.

Which of the following is a characteristic of successful organizational culture

All of these (chapter 3 quiz)

A reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work?

All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work

true

An innovation stream begins with a technological discontinuity, which is a scientific advance or a unique combination of existing technologies creating a significant breakthrough in performance or function.

true

An organic organization, is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibility; loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge.

With ____, teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and signoffs to get management approval before making changes

Bureaucratic immunity

will eventually affect most organizations.

Changes in any sector of the general environment ____.

Which of the following types of conflict is most strongly associated with improvements in team performance?

Cognitive conflict

true

Concentration of effect is how much an act affects the average person.

NOT necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams?

Conflict management training

true

Conflicts and disagreements often characterize the second stage of team development, which is called storming.

____ refers to the production of novel and useful ideas.

Creativity

____ is the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives.

Decision making

true

Direct foreign investment is an increasingly important and common method of conducting global business.

technological substitution

Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by ____.

incremental change

During the ____ phase of a technology cycle, companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant design.

is responsible for the fact that most products are manufactured using standardized, interchangeable parts

Eli Whitney

uncertainty

Environmental ____ is affected by environmental complexity, change, and resources.

modular organizations

Except for the core business activities that they can perform better, faster, and cheaper than others, ____ outsource all remaining business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants.

Minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ____

Groups of ten or larger

true

Groupthink is more likely to occur in a highly cohesive group that is insulated from others and has no established procedure for systematically defining problems and exploring alternatives.

economic

Historically, ____ responsibility means making a profit by producing a product valued by society. It has been the most basic social responsibility of a business.

the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines

If a catalog retailer promised customers it would not sell their personal information (addresses, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, etc.) to another direct marketing company, and it did, the catalog retailer would be found guilty of invasion of privacy. Its sentence would be determined by ____.

tariff

In 2000, the United States imposed a tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect about 5,000 jobs. This tax is an example of a(n) ____.

true

In a decentralized organization, workers closest to problems are authorized to make the decisions necessary to solve the problems on their own.

conflict could be beneficial

In a departure from mainstream management thinking, Mary Parker Follett believed ____.

increasing reciprocal interdependence

In essence, reengineering changes organizations by ____.

reengineering

In recent years, the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) has undergone a radical change in how it determines and shares local weather conditions with pilots. Before the local base weather station was responsible for warnings. The quality of this information varied. Now AFWA provides the same high standard of weather information to all pilots. This is an example of ____?

simple; complex

In terms of environmental complexity, ____ environments have few environmental factors, whereas ____ environments have many environmental factors.

problem

In the 1960s, Coca-Cola executives in Atlanta learned there was a bottler in the Colombian jungle that was bottling pirated Coke in dumped bottles. Tthe company recognized this unauthorized bottler as a(n) ____.

virtual organization

In the automobile industry, three car manufacturers and a variety of suppliers and distributors have formed a network to create economies in production through outsourcing. It is intended for this ____ to cut as much as $3,000 from the costs of producing one car.

de norming

In the stages of team development, a team moves from growth to decline during the ____ stage

is the number of times per year that a company sells or replaces its average inventory.

Inventory Turnover

false

It appears that all companies follow the phase model of globalization when entering foreign markets

middle managers

It is the responsibility of ____ to develop intermediate plans, or plans designed to produce results within six to eighteen months.

is a ticket-based system that indicates when to reorder inventory.

Kanban

A useful guideline for successful management of virtual teams?

Keep team interaction upbeat and action-oriented

Which of the following statements about the beginnings of management is true?

Management as a field of study is only about 125 years old.

Group cohesion tends to be relatively strong at the ____ stage of team development.

Norming

relative comparison

One method of weighing decision criteria uses ____, which is a process where each decision is compared directly to every other criterion.

choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal

Planning is ultimately based upon ____.

is a tactic in which an advocacy group actively tries to convince consumers not to purchase a company's product or service

Product boycott

Planning gives direction to managers and employees.

Refer to Krispy Kreme. How does Krispy Kreme benefit from planning?

Top management is responsible for developing long-term ____ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.

Strategic Plans

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of S.M.A.R.T. goals?

Synergistic

assess the need for strategic change

The first step in the strategy-making process is to ____.

focus

The positioning strategy that is always paired with one of the other two positioning strategies to produce a specialized product or service is ____.

speed innovation through early identification of new ideas or problems that would typically not have been generated until much later

The purpose of multifunctional teams is to ____.

uncertainty avoidance

The term ____ is used by Hofstede to describe the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations.

true

Upper-level managers may actually spend more time dealing with people than lower-level managers.

general and the specific

What are the two types of external organizational environments?

false

When conducting global business, companies should attempt to identify the two types of political risk, which are political uncertainty and economic uncertainty.

generational change

When incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design such that the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version, ____ is said to have occurred.

empowerment

____ is a feeling of intrinsic motivation, in which workers perceive their work to have meaning and perceive themselves to be competent, having an impact, and capable of self-determination.

resource scarcity

____ is the degree to which an organization's external environment has an abundance or scarcity of critical organizational resources.

a type conflict

____ is the emotional reaction that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.

Shadow strategy task force

a committee within a company that analyzes the company's own weaknesses to determine how competitors could exploit them for competitive advantage

firm level strategy

a corporate strategy that addresses the question, "how should we compete against a particular firm?"

organizational development

a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organizations long term health and performance

project team

a team created to complete a specific, one time projects or tasks within a limited time

general electric workout

a three day meeting in which managers and employees from different levels and parts of an organization quickly generate and act on solutions to specific business problems

Which of the following is a component of a book publisher's general environment & will indirectly influence how it does business

a trend toward less leisure time

which of the following companies is most likely operating in a dynamic environment

a video game manufacturer

____ is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks.

a. Departmentalization CORRECT b. Organizational process c. Organizational layout d. Job formatting e. Functionalization

The acronym GATT stands for the ____.

a. Global Arrangement for Trade and Taxes b. Government Aid of Trade and Transactions c. Global Agreement on Temporal Trade d. Governing Agreement on Trade and Transactions e. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade CORRECT - E

____ occurs when a company sells domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries.

a. Licensing b. A joint venture c. Franchising d. Direct foreign investment e. Exporting CORRECT

The trade agreement that represented the most significant change to the regulations governing global trade during the 1990s was the:

a. Maastricht Treaty of Europe b. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade CORRECT c. North American Free Trade Agreement d. Asian Free Trade Arrangement e. Mercosur

____ is the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization.

a. Task significance CORRECT b. Skill variety c. Skill feedback d. Task identity e. Autonomy

One of the major questions that a company must typically answer about its future, once it has decided to go global is ____.

a. To what extent should a company abide by global or regional trade agreements? b. How many additional employees will the company need? c. To what extent should the company standardize or adapt business procedures? CORRECT d. How many new shareholders will be influenced by global activities? e. Will the organization's mission statement need to be changed?

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.

a. V-shaped b. bell-shaped c. W-curve d. U-curve e. S-curve- CORRECT

A country or region that has an attractive business climate for companies that want to go global has ____.

a. a small youth population b. all of these c. a large population of unskilled workers d. an effective but cost-efficient place to build an office or manufacturing site CORRECT e. natural boundaries

A(n) ____ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort.

a. change mentor b. change agent- CORRECT c. intrapreneur d. staff moderator e. change ombudsman

A(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.

a. departmentalized b. standardized c. mechanistic CORRECT d. organic e. modular

The purchase of new technologies to replace older ones is an example of ___.

a. dominant design b. innovative exchange c. adaptive change d. technological substitution- CORRECT e. design replacement

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions?

a. emotional stability b. conscientiousness c. agreeableness d. extraversion e. empathy- CORRECT

Which of the Big Five personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations?

a. emotional stability b. openness to experience c. agreeableness d. extraversion e. conscientiousness- CORRECT

Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics is a medium-sized U.S. company that sells 1.5 million tubes of its lipstick annually in Japan. It has no physical presence within the country beyond the fact its products are sold there. Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics uses ____ to reach the Japanese market.

a. exporting CORRECT b. direct investment c. licensing d. franchising e. a strategic alliance

Which of the following represents the correct sequence for the phase model of globalization?

a. exporting; strategic alliances; cooperative contracts; wholly owned affiliates b. exporting; cooperative contracts; wholly owned affiliates; strategic alliances c. home country sales; exporting; job ventures; strategic alliances, and direct investment d. exporting; wholly owned affiliates; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances e. exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly owned affiliates CORRECT

According to Hofstede, when people in a culture are oriented to the present and seek immediate gratification, that culture is described as ____.

a. feminine b. having a short-term orientation CORRECT c. masculine d. individualistic e. having a long-term orientation

Job specialization can result in ____.

a. high job satisfaction b. low absenteeism c. complicated job designs d. employee boredom CORRECT e. low employee turnover

In 2000, the United States imposed a tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect about 5,000 jobs. This tax is an example of a(n) ____.

a. import duty b. tariff CORRECT c. voluntary import restraint d. financial boycott e. subsidy

The ____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

a. milestones b. compression- CORRECT c. prototypical d. dialectical e. generational

Organizational plurality is consistent with ____.

a. none of these b. the learning and effectiveness paradigm- CORRECT c. the access and legitimacy paradigm d. the determination and fairness paradigm e. the paradigm of commonality

transformational leaders

are accurately described by all of these (Chapter 14)

managers can motivate employees to increase their efforts by

asking employees what their needs are then matching rewards to those needs

The first step in the strategy-making process is to ____.

assess the need for strategic change

in the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, small amounts of effort will result in significant increases in performance

at the midpoint of the cycle

In the perceptual process, _____ is the process of noticing or becoming aware of particular stimuli.

attention

states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the cause of other people's behavior.

attribution theory

is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort

change agent

generational change

change based on incremental improvements to a dominant technological design such that the improved technology is fully backward compatible with the older technology

results driven change

change created quickly by focusing on the measurement and improvement of results

____ is the measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry.

character of rivalry

the two primary types of grapevine communications networks are

cluster and gossip

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

coercion

analyzers

companies using an adaptive strategy that seeks to minimize risk and maximize profits by following or imitating the proven successes of prospectors

an organization is experiencing ____ when it is reluctant to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past

competitive inertia

in any organization, the ___ are the less visible, internal decision making routines, problem solving processes, and organizational cultures that determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs

core capabilities

Frederick Taylor is famous for

creating the principles of scientific management

are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged

creative work environment

While ____ are tangible, ____ are not.

distinctive competencies; core capabilities

for the goal-setting theory to work, goals must

do all of these (Chapter 13)

to make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____

do all of these (chapter 12)

Mary Parker Follett believed managers typically deal w/conflict in one of three ways

domination compromise integration

the product quality characteristic of _____ is defined as the mean time before product failure.

durability

people with the Big Five Dimension of ____ respond well under stress

emotional stability

is a feeling of intrinsic motivation, in which workers perceive their work to have meaning and perceive themselves to be competent, having an impact, and capable self-determination

empowerment

in the model of the communication process presented in the text, _____ occurs when a message is put into a written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the receiver.

encoding

There are eight general steps for organizational development intervention. The first step is ____.

entry

which of the following is the only type of responsibility given to traditional work groups

executive the task

Which of the following is NOT one of the five industry forces that determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability?

existing complementary products

approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring w/in a highly uncertain environment and that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hand-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding

experiential

When Coca-Cola acquired a water-treatment and bottling plant so it could produce and market Dasani brand bottled water, it was an example of ____.

external growth

The goal of scientific management is to

find the one best way to perform each task

A ____ for a McDonald's fast-food restaurant would be responsible for placing orders for food and paper supplies and for setting up weekly work schedules.

first-line manager

In a(n) _____ reinforcement schedule, consequences are delivered following a specific number of behaviors

fixed ratio

Glassmaker AFG Industries positions itself as the primary supplier of glass used in microwave doors, shower doors, and patio tables. What type of a positioning strategy does the glass manufacturer use?

focus

The positioning strategies identified by Michael Porter are ____.

focus, cost leadership, and differentiation

change forces

forces that produce differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time

resistance forces

forces that support the existing state of conditions in organizations

milestones

formal project review points used to assess progress and performance

in terms of external organizational environments, the ____ environment affects all organizations while the _____ environment is unique to each company.

general; specific

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.

knowledge, tools, and techniques

Who is primarily responsible for developing operational plans?

lower-level managers

The last step in effective planning is to ____

maintain flexibility in planning

Which of the following is a commonly used method for increasing goal commitment?

make goals public

the highest degree of processing occurs in ____ operations

make-to-order

of all types of departmentalization, ____ departmentalization requires the highest level of management skill for successful implementation

matrix

Who is responsible for the creation of tactical plans?

middle managers

Connie O'Day is a middle-level manager for the publishers of Free Spirit magazine, a publication targeted to women who are not focused on finding a husband or maintaining a house and garden. She spends much of her day conducting interviews with groups of women to determine what they consider most important in their lives. She also keeps an eye on the sales and content of other women's magazines. Which informational role does O'Day perform?

monitor

According to the S.M.A.R.T. guidelines, goals should be ____.

none of these

When Susan started work at Henderson Textile Co., she was amazed at its employees who would take 30 minute restroom breaks, leave for the day at 2 pm, and generally belittle the company's management. Such employees' actions most likely developed over time as a result of a faulty

organizational culture

Which of the following approaches is aimed at changing large systems, small groups, or individuals?

organizational development

while ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, _____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization

organizational structure; organizational process

A(n) ____ is a written test that estimates employee honesty by directly asking job applicants what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors.

overt integrity test

in nonverbal communication, _____ is the pitch, rate, tone, volume, and speaking pattern (i.e., use of silences, pauses, or hesitations) of one's voice.

paralanguage

a team has finally matured into a fully-functioning team at the ____ stage of development

performing

is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other

personality

one of the reasons items manufactured in Southeast Asia are imported into the United States less expensively is that workers are paid a small amount of money for each item produced. the manufactures operating in Southeast Asia use what type of pay plan

piecework

A(n) ____ is a standing plan that indicates the general course of action that should be taken in response to a particular event or situation.

policy

hallmark has four departments. these departments are (1) flowers and gifts, (2) cards and e-cards, (3) hallmark collectibles, and (4) photo albums and scrapbooks. hallmark uses ____ departmentalization.

product

is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions

rational decision making

is used to refer to a company's practice of identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur

reactive customer monitoring

An organization is experiencing ____ when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management.

strategic dissonance

incremental change

the phase of a technology cycle in which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant technological design

recovery

the strategic actions taken after retrenchment to return to a growth strategy

affective conflict ___

typically decreases team cohesiveness

the 3 steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are

unfreezing change intervention refreezing

coercion

using formal power and authority to force others to change

is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and coworkers as well as the employees themselves

360-feedback

first line manager

A ____ for a McDonald's fast-food restaurant would be responsible for placing orders for food and paper supplies and for setting up weekly work schedules.

joint venture

A ____ is a strategic alliance in which two existing companies collaborate to form a third, independent company.

false

A company engaged in cross training is using individual team members to teach other members how to do all or most of the jobs they can perform.

change

A company has experienced organizational ____ when its form, quality, or condition changes over time.

false

A competitive advantage becomes a sustainable competitive advantage when other companies have found it very expensive to duplicate the what the firm is providing to customers

purchasing power

A cosmetics company that is considering entering the South American market would be especially interested in the discretionary income within that region. In other words, which of the following would be a determining factor in its global strategy?

tactical

A department store is experiencing greater than usual losses due to theft and management wants it stopped. Middle management decided to hire a security company to study the problem and develop the best plan for dealing with it. Middle management have implemented a(n) ____ plan.

local health inspectors

A fast-food restaurant chain that is famous for its small, square hamburgers. Which of the following would be an industry regulation component of its specific environment?

forming

A group in Great Britain has been established to improve the employment, retention, and promotion prospects of black and other ethnic minorities as well as women in the Fire and Rescue Service, which at present has a largely white, male demographic. At its inception, this group was in the ____ stage of team development.

project

A group in Great Britain has been established to improve the employment, retention, and promotion prospects of blacks and other ethnic minorities as well as women in the Fire and Rescue Service, which at present has a largely white, male demographic. This ____ team has two years to gather information and create a plan.

opportunistic behavior

A high degree of buyer or seller dependence can lead to ____ in which one party benefits at the expense of the other.

bisible artifact

A mace is commonly used at a university or college convocation ceremony. The mace was originally a weapon, then became the symbol of government, and now has become the symbol of authority of the institution to grant diplomas or degrees. In terms of organizational culture, the mace is an example of a(n) ____.

true

A management study discovered that companies, which invest in their people, will create long-term competitive advantages difficult for other companies to duplicate.

customer

A manufacturer of acrylic and latex gloves sells to medical laboratories, to factories where employees handle chemicals, to companies that manufacture micro-tech equipment, and to cleaning services. Because it is organized to better satisfy the needs of each of its four target markets, the manufacturer uses ____ departmentalization.

Competitive inertia

A reluctance to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past

true

A strategic group is a group of other companies, within an industry, that top managers choose for comparing, evaluating, and benchmarking their company's strategic threats and opportunities.

false

A strategic objective is a statement of a company's purpose or reason for existing.

those companies have, for the moment, stopped trying to duplicate the advantage

A sustainable competitive advantage exists for an organization when other companies have tried unsuccessfully to duplicate the advantage and ____.

false

A systems approach to management encourages managers to view each division as a separate, vital organism.

performing

A team has finally matured into a fully-functioning team at the ____ stage of development.

knowledge, tools, and techniques

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.

establish a positive organizational culture that encourages employees to be passionate about their clients

A top manager for a management consulting firm would

true

A virtual organization is part of a network in which many companies share skills, costs, capabilities, markets, and customers with each other.

false

A work team is a small number of people who have been assigned responsibility for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes.

system

A(n) ____ is a set of interrelated elements or parts that function as a whole.

mechanistic

false

According to Chester Barnard, for many managerial requests or directives, there is a zone of indifference in which managers don't really care if the request is met or the directive is performed.

declaring victory too soon

According to John Kotter, which of the following actions will adversely influence refreezing efforts?

postconventional level

According to Kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the ____ use internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmas.

domination

According to Mary Parker Follett, ____ is the easiest way to deal with conflict for the moment, but it is not usually successful in the long run

compromise

According to Mary Parker Follett, if managers use ____ to settle or reduce conflict, each of the parties involved give up some of what they want.

bargaining pwer of suppliers

According to Michael Porter, five industry forces determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability. Which of the following is one of those forces Porter identified?

negotiator

According to Mintzberg, which role would a manager assume if she were trying to convince union members to accept a 25-cent-per-hour reduction in pay in order to keep the manufacturing plant open?

adaptability

According to a book by a Harvard Business School professor, some organizational cultures simply cannot meet the challenges posed by innovation and must respond to threats from new technologies by building outside ventures. Digital Equipment is described as having one of those organizational cultures. The company squandered the opportunities presented by the PC revolution even though it was well equipped to build cheap PCs. The company did not have ____.

change forces; resistance forces

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ support the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization.

virtual team

According to the U.S. Department of Transportation, the construction of tunnels is one of the greatest challenges encountered during road construction. The technique of tunneling has not kept pace with the development of other technical fields. The USDOT has created a national team of tunnel experts to develop road tunnel engineering principles and maintenance practices in the United States through the use of telecommunications and information technology. This group of tunnel experts will comprise a(n) ____.

examining the loss incurred by the victims

According to the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines, what is one method used to determine the level of the offense (i.e., the seriousness of the problem)?

stakeholder

According to the ____ model, management's most important responsibility is long-term survival (not just maximizing profits). Long-term survival, according to this model, is achieved by satisfying the interests of multiple corporate stakeholders

vertical loading

According to the job characteristics model, ____ means pushing some managerial authority down to workers.

true

According to the principles of scientific management, work and responsibility for the work, should be divided equally between workers and management.

false

According to the stakeholder model of social responsibility, no stakeholder groups are more or less important than any other.

a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions

According to the text, which of the following is a pitfall of planning?

A(n) ____ lists the specific steps, people, resources, and time period for accomplishing a goal

Action plan

true

Advocacy groups cannot directly regulate organization practices.

people management

After a year as a manager, new managers typically realize their job is

Stories and Heros

After an organization's founders are gone, the organization can use ____ to sustain its organizational culture.

planning

After earning $8 billion in profit, Royal Dutch/Shell decided to strive to double its profits within the next five years. Which classical management function would be instrumental in achieving this goal?

use more positive reinforcement

After their first year of managerial experience, managers tend to:

false

All adults reach the postconventional stage of morality.

external

All events outside a company that have the potential to influence or affect it occur in the ____ environment.

false

All four areas of social responsibility for companies (economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary) are equally important to a company's overall level of social responsibility

false

All four areas of social responsibility for companies (economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary) are equally important to a company's overall level of social responsibility.

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the systems approach to management?

All of these describe advantages of the systems approach to management.

work teams

Allen-Edmonds is keeping its shoe manufacturing business in the United States by investing in new machinery and creating new processes. The strategy is a gamble and the outcome is uncertain. To cut costs and improve efficiency, the company's old assembly line is being replaced by a system of employees working in groups, with each person doing several jobs, and each trained to do the others' tasks. Allen-Edmonds is using ____.

decentralization

An Indian Catholic Cardinal's call for local church leaders to have more power and for papal authority to be distributed to lower levels within the Catholic hierarchy has elicited agreement from other church leaders in India. He also asserted that bishops should not have "to run to Rome for everything" and that canon law should be modified to allow the pope to share his authority. Vithayathil is calling for ____.

results drive

An Internet strategy enabled Nestlé USA to change its way of doing business and allowed the company to change its staid, risk-averse culture; from buying raw materials to processing purchase orders to marketing the roughly 2,000 products that make up its nearly 200 brands. Employees worked to "Make e-business the way we do business." Nestlé USA used ____ change to reinvent the company

technical skill

An accountant with ____ has the ability to create a budget, compare the budget to the actual income statement, and determine unnecessary expenses.

lives and works outside of his or her own country

An expatriate is someone who ____.

buyer dependence

An increase in ____ can lead to opportunistic behavior in which one party benefits at the expense of the other.

chain of command

An international distribution company has a shipping division, a warehouse division, a computer hardware and software distribution center, as well as, a marketing research department, a human resources department, and an accounting department. A salesperson who works in the shipping division is told by the accounting department that he must turn in a weekly expense account. His supervisor in the shipping division wants expense accounts submitted monthly. The salesperson is likely experiencing a problem with ____.

strategic dissonance

An organization is experiencing ____ when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management.

job enlargement

An organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in ____.

sharing the financial value of performance gains

An organization that rewards its team members through gainsharing is ____.

tariffs

As Malta got ready for its admittance into the European Union (EU), the EU removed all taxes on the importation of goods manufactured in Malta. In other words, the EU abolished ____ for Malta-manufactured merchandise.

spokesperson

As described by Mintzberg, a marketing manager who was hired by a manufacturer of plumbing fixtures to operate information booths would have the informational role of:

is a derailer

As the shift supervisor at a car wash, Jacob is bossy, arrogant, and insensitive to the needs of his subordinates. He is unable to delegate any tasks to the other employees. He will more than likely never be a middle or top manager because he

generational change

Backward compatibility is an important consideration for software users who are using an accounting program to facilitate their tax preparation and who want to use a newer version that has greater capacity. Therefore, many software manufacturers engage in ____.

true

Because of Eli Whitney's ideas for increasing production in a gun-manufacturing operation, most products are manufactured today using standardized, interchangeable parts.

prospecting

Because of slowing sales, Arm & Hammer started promoting innovative uses for its baking soda. By searching for new market opportunities, the manufacturer of Arm & Hammer is using which type of adaptive strategy?

false

Both absolute comparisons and relative comparisons are methods for identifying decision criteria

true

Both proximal and distal goals are used to provide additional motivation and rewards for employees.

The achievement of stretch goals is made easier when the team members have ____.

Bureaucratic Immunity

How are organizations using teams to help increase customer satisfaction?

By creating problem-solving teams to study ways to improve customer satisfaction and make recommendations for improvements

____ is the measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry.

Character of the rivalry

organization

Chester Barnard defined a(n) ____ as "a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons."

top mannagement

Coca-Cola and PepsiCo spent a total of $75 million to launch mid-calorie sodas The new brands grabbed a combined market share of less than 1 percent. Coke's and PepsiCo's ____ would be responsible for determining that the product should be deleted from each of their product lines.

inefficient

Coca-Cola and PepsiCo spent a total of $75 million to launch two sodas, banking on the low-carb trend. Carb-conscious consumers rejected the drinks en masse. The new brands grabbed a combined market share of less than 1 percent. Given that the objective of both soft drink manufacturers was to increase their market share, the introductions were notably

inefficient

true

Cognitive conflict is strongly associated with improvements in team performance, and affective conflict is strongly associated with decreases in team performance.

When Coca-Cola discovered it had an unauthorized bottler selling Coke in the Colombian jungle, it used the rational decision making process to find a solution. What do you know about the stage in which Coke evaluated its possible courses of action?

Coke found this stage to be the most time-consuming of all the stages.

true

Companies are making greater use of teams because teams have been shown to increase (1) customer satisfaction, (2) product and service quality, (3) speed and efficiency in product development, and (4) employee job satisfaction.

doing an incomplete job of identifying competitors

Companies doing a competitive analysis typically err by ____.

the sources of innovation

Companies need to excel at managing ____ in order to successfully manage innovation streams.

true

Companies often choose a stability strategy when their external environment doesn't change much or after they have struggled with periods of explosive growth.

monitor

Which of the following statements about corporate culture is true

Corporate cultures are very difficult to change

positioning

Cost leadership, differentiation, and focus are the three types of ____ strategies discussed in the text.

Purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization

Cross Functional Team

false

Cross-department coordination tends to be very easy in organizations with functional departmentalization.

Which of the following statements about team training is true?

Cross-training is less appropriate for teams of highly skilled workers.

Neither Chile nor Peru have a mass-market café culture, but that fact has not stopped Starbucks from engaging in ____ to determine how best to expand into those markets

Decision Making

the _____ is a decision making method in which a panel of experts responds to questions and to each other until an agreement is reached on how a specific issue should be handled

Delphi technique

false

Departmentalization is a method of organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise

false

Developing a purpose statement is the sole responsibility of middle management.

The ____ approach to decision-making is a method in which an individual or a subgroup is assigned the role of a critic

Devil's advocacy

false

Differentiation is the positioning strategy of producing a product or service of acceptable quality at consistently lower production costs than competitors.

functional

Disadvantages of ____ departmentalization include slower decision making, the development of managers and workers with narrow experience and expertise, and makes it more difficult for cross-departmental coordination.

____ are the expectations that a company will voluntarily serve a social role beyond its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities

Discretionary responsibilities

Specific Environment

Dofasco Dofasco, Inc. is a different kind of steel company. Tiny by industry standards, the Canadian-based company has just 8,500 employees and a market cap of $2.3 billion. Dofasco operates with a close eye on the triple bottom line. In addition to tracking financial metrics, Dofasco also monitors its impact on society and the environment. As a result, the company has outperformed many of its biggest competitors. Despite a recent slump in the automobile industry, which accounted for 50 percent of its business, Dofasco ran at 100 percent capacity and finished as one of the only integrated steelmakers in all of North America to make a profit one year. Dofasco is also one of the only companies in the steel industry without a union, and its employees like it that way. Employee turnover at the company's main operation is less than one percent annually. Part of its low turnover rate is due to the company's concern about protecting its external environment. As the CEO of the company said, "One way to get happy employees is not to wreck their community in which they live." Refer to Dofasco. The fact that Ford purchased less steel from Dofasco during the auto industry's slump would be part of Dofasco's ____ environment because Ford Motor Company is one of its customers.

preconventional

Doug has a low-paying job for a telecommunications company. Every day when he goes home from work, Doug puts a headset, a stapler, or something similar in his lunch box and takes it home with him. Doug sees nothing wrong with his behavior since he feels he is being paid less than he should. In terms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Doug is operating at which level?

monitor and disseminator

During a meeting of the Ambulatory Care Nursing Association (ACNA) board of directors, a commitment was made to ask members for their feedback about their experiences with and perceptions of ACNA. The head of the organization said, "The essence of being a leader is to make sure the organization knows itself." Then she volunteered to conduct the environmental scanning and share what she learned with the others. What informational roles is she assuming?

stretch goals

E-Lab (the "E" stands for experience) has project teams perform field research for its clients. One team had to spend time riding in the back seat of a squad car, accompanying cops on drug raids, as part of research for a new communications device for police departments. Another team studied how people get sick with a cold to create a new over-the-counter cold remedy. Often clients give team members extremely ambitious goals which the team members initially have no idea how to solve. In other words, project teams are given ____.

team diversity

E-Lab (the "E" stands for experience) has project teams perform field research for its clients. These project teams are composed of students of theology, actors, and musicians as well as the more traditional marketing experts and statisticians. E-Lab teams benefit from ____.

top manager

Eastman Kodak owns a company that manufactures dental radiation equipment. The company, which is run as an independent unit, has experienced excessive financial losses the last three years. The ____ for the company would be expected to develop the long-term plans needed to make the company profitable.

a low degree of task identity

Elena works in a data processing department for a large credit reporting service and is bored. She spends her days inputting an endless stream of monotonous data into much larger data bases. According to the job characteristics model (JCM), one of the primary reasons for her boredom is ____.

is best known for his role in Hawthrone Studies

Elton May

true

Ethics is the set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or group

The only type of responsibility given to traditional work groups

Execute the task

false

Extensive research demonstrates clearly that organizational culture is strongly related to organizational success.

political/legal

Fear of a lawsuit prevents many employers from giving totally honest recommendations to former employees. This reflects a change in the ____ component of the general environment.

false

First-line managers are responsible for setting objectives consistent with organizational goals and planning and implementing strategies for achieving these objectives.

true

First-line managers are the only managers who do not supervise other managers.

encourage, monitor, and reward the performances of their employees

First-line managers will most likely have to:

the fact most consumers prefer eating out rather than at home

For a fast-food restaurant chain that is famous for its small, square hamburgers. Which of the following would be a component of its socio-cultural environment?

strategic reference point

For companies whose main products will not be seen by consumers and whose skills lie in productivity anonymity, a ____ could be to create a brand image to create a distinctive competence.

Forming

exporting

In the past, battlefield surgery was crude and often ineffective. Which of the following management theorists would most likely have used their understanding of how work is done to help surgeons eliminate unnecessary motions, operate more efficiently, and save more lives by closely studying how surgeries were performed?

Frank and Lilian Gilbreth

used motion studies to eliminate unnecessary or repetitive motions from the work process

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are important to management because they ____.

creating the principles of scientific management

Frederick Taylor is famous for____.

true

Global business is defined as the buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries.

Minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ___

Groups of ten or larger

is best know for developing the 5 functions of managers & the 14 principles of management

Henri Fayol

controlling

Hormel Foods had to recall 104,000 pounds of Stagg canned chili—labeled "hearty beef with a kick of green chilies"—after the kick turned out to come instead from the ground-up parts of a plastic handheld calculator. The recall was the application of which management function?

by creating problem-solving teams to study ways to improve customer satisfaction and make recommendations for improvements

How are organizations using teams to help increase customer satisfaction?

intensified effort, persistence, direction, and creation of task strategies

How does a company benefit from planning?

proactive

economic performance

IBM has a long-standing "Reinventing Education" program, which involves intensive research into how educational institutions can use the fruits of new technologies to transform what they do and thereby improve education. In the process, the program is actually helping to shape a market of significant interest to IBM. IBM views the program as an investment rather than as a charitable contribution. This is an example of the positive relationship between social responsibility and ____.

core firm

Imagine Dow Chemical is conducting a situational analysis. According to its sales, Dow is the second largest chemical company in the world. BASF is the largest. Both companies use a similar strategy. Within Dow's situational analysis, BASF would be classified as a ____.

joint venture

In Canada, two automobile companies have entered into a ____ to create CAMI Automotive. One firm's management runs the plant, which makes the other's cars. The agreement gives one access to the other's dealers to sell its brand of vehicles.

whistleblower

In May 2005, U.S. Attorney Michael J. Sullivan announced that the United States had settled civil claims arising out of a suit that alleged Oracle Corporation had violated the False Claims Act in connection with billing the federal government for software training services. The U.S. government learned about the overcharging from a former Oracle vice president. The vice president acted as a(n) ____.

other firms with an industry

In a situational analysis, a strategic group is a group of ____ that top managers choose for comparing, evaluating, and benchmarking their company's strategic threats and opportunities.

resource scarcity

In a very strong economy, where the demand for qualified job applicants exceeds the supply, the environmental characteristic of ____ is likely to be particularly salient for many companies.

mechanistic

In a(n) ____ organization, the normal procedure for dealing with any matter lying outside the boundaries of one individual's functional responsibility is to refer it to the point in the system where such responsibility is known to reside, or, failing that, to lay it before one's superior

complex matrix

In a(n) ____, managers from different parts of the matrix report to matrix managers who help them sort out problems and conflicts.

retrenchment

In an attempt to stop declining profitability, ICI, a British chemical company, deleted petrochemical products from its production and concentrated on specialty chemicals, a less capital-intensive, less cyclical business. What type of a grand strategy was ICI using?

core capabilities

In any organization, the ____ are the less visible, internal decision-making routines, problem-solving processes, and organizational cultures that determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs.

skill based pay; gainsharing

In general, ____ is most effective for self-managing and self-directing teams performing complex tasks, while ____ works best in relatively stable environments where employees can focus on improving the productivity, cost savings, or quality of their current work system.

true

In general, skill-based pay is most effective for managing the performance of self-managing and self-directing teams.

false

In matrix departmentalization, as in other forms of departmentalization, most employees report to a single boss.

behavioral substitution

In order to change an organizational culture, top management can persuade other managers and employees to perform a new behavior in place of an older one. This technique is called ____.

departmentalization

Kimberly-Clark is subdivided into organizational units called Kimberly-Clark Health Care, which provides products to hospitals, Kimberly-Clark Professional, which sells to businesses, and Kimberly-Clark Consumer, which sells the company's products to customers. From this information, you know that Kimberly-Clark uses ____.

creative work environment

Kodak is a company name associated with photography and has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. Kodak can encourage the development of a culture where workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed by offering challenging work and supervisory encouragement. In other words, the company can create a(n) ____.

technological discontinuity

Kodak is a company name associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) ____.

subsystems

Kraft Foods has created five global product divisions (beverages, snacks, cheese and dairy, convenience meals, and grocery) and two marketing divisions (one for North America and the other for everything else). According to the systems approach to management, these seven divisions are examples of ____.

true

Management ideas and practices have been used from the earliest times of recorded history

true

Management ideas and practices have been used from the earliest times of recorded history.

false

Managers are responsible for doing the basic work in the company.

false

Managers often prefer economic statistics to business confidence indices as tools for managerial decision making because of their inherently greater accuracy.

as predictors of future economic activity when making business decisions

Managers often prefer to use business confidence indices ____.

develop and sustain their organizational culture

Managers should NOT use environmental scanning to ____.

had the authority to solve problems related to the correct identification of orthopedic parts

Many orthopedic parts are almost identical in size and shape. Stryker Howmedica Osteonics in New Jersey used a semi-autonomous work group to develop Product Recognition Technology that makes sure parts are identified correctly and orders are filled correctly. This group ____.

project team

whistleblower

Mark Graf, a security specialist at the Rocky Flats nuclear facility outside Denver, became alarmed about the temporary removal of 450 kilograms of plutonium oxide from a vault-like room to a "soft room" protected by drywall that you could punch a hole through. Graf eventually had to take his concerns to the media before the plutonium was stored once again in a safe location. Graf actions can be described as a(n) ____.

domination, compromise, and integration

Mary Parker Follett believed managers typically deal with conflict in one of three ways:____.

false

Mary Parker Follett believed that managers could best deal with conflict through compromise

growth

McDonald's uses a ____ strategy (a kind of grand strategy) as it increases its profits in France by offering uniquely French products such as Croque McDo, the McDonald's version of a popular French grilled sandwich.

According to the S.M.A.R.T. guidelines, goals should be ____

Measurable

creativity

Mike Domek is the owner of the Florida-based Tickets Now.com. Domek's company tapped a market that Ticketmaster had neglected: He specialized in locating and securing premium seating and tickets to sold-out events. Domek used ____ to locate and serve a profitable market.

allowing employees to personalize their cubicles

Milsand Corp. used office cubicles for its employees. Employees were not allowed to personalize their cubicles. If Milsand wanted to change its organizational culture, it could begin by ____.

technological

More premature babies than ever before are surviving due to improvements in medical knowledge and care. This improved survival rate can be attributed to the ____ component of hospitals.

false

Most companies compete directly with all the firms in their industry.

true

Multinational corporations are corporations that own businesses in two or more countries.

open systems

Nearly all organizations that interact with their environments and depend on them for survival are viewed as ____.

s curve

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.

rational decision making

Neither Chile nor Peru has a mass-market café culture, but that fact has not stopped Starbucks from trying to determine what can be done to make its coffee houses successful in those markets. By recognizing that people in these two South American countries do not drink coffee like people in the United States and that they should change this habit, Starbucks has begun a ____ process with problem identification.

feelings of intrinsic motivation

Novo Nordisk is a European manufacturer of pharmaceuticals. An employee , Rikke NedergaardBischoff, who is a clinical-development scientist, contends that Novo upholds the standards expected of public institutions without the stifling bureaucracy. She says, "There's a great deal of empowerment at Novo Nordisk." Novo Nordisk provides NedergaardBischoff with ____.

relative comparisons

One method of weighing decision criteria uses ____, which is a process where each decision is compared directly to every other criterion.

true

One of Taylor's scientific management principles concerned how workers should be selected.

true

One of the advantages of a systems view of management is that it forces managers to be aware of how the environment affects specific parts of the organization.

false

One of the disadvantages of global joint ventures is that, unlike licensing and franchising, they do not help companies to avoid tariff and nontariff barriers to entry.

false

One of the disadvantages of project teams is their lack of flexibility.

true

One of the limitations of bureaucratic management is the resistance of bureaucracies to change.

To what extent should the company standardize or adapt business procedures?

One of the major questions that a company must typically answer about its future, once it has decided to go global is ____.

false

One of the most commonly used operations management tools is cognitive mapping which is used to better understand the psychology of the workers.

____ involves managing the daily production of goods and services.

Operations management

____ planning keeps options open by making small, simultaneous investments in many alternative plans.

Options-based

____ can help organizations to maintain flexibility as they plan.

Options-based planning

is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions

Organizational development ____.

Which of the following is one of the stages that teams pass through as they develop and grow, rather than decline?

Performing

true

Planning can impede change, create a false sense of certainty, and lead to the detachment of planners.

false

Planning is a three-step process which involves setting goals, then next developing effective action plans, and finally tracking progress toward goal achievement.

When media in India informed the public that Coca-Cola products bottled in India contained a high level of certain cancer-causing pesticides, the Indian government immediately ordered Coke to stop production. The Indian government served as a(n) ____.

Primary Stakeholders

Project Team

____ is a systematic process of defining problems, evaluating alternatives, and choosing optimal solutions.

Rational decision making

Recovery

competitive advantage

Refer to Gore. When introduced, Gore-Tex fabric gave its manufacturer W. L. Gore a _____.

Scientifically train, teach, and develop these employees to help them reach their full potential.

Refer to ISG. What advice should the shift supervisor at the steel plant in charge of the six college students take from the teachings of Frederick Taylor?

efficiency

Refer to Krispy Kreme. The building of the Effingham plant increased the ____ of the Krispy Kreme operation.

departmentalization

Refer to Yahoo!. One of the causes of the precipitous drop in the value of Yahoo's stock was the company's inability to subdivide work and workers into separate organizational units responsible for completing particular tasks. For example, Yahoo has no sales unit to cultivate and call on advertising customers. Yahoo caused itself trouble when it decided to not engage in ____.

identified its problem as the fact that demand for its beer exceeds its ability to supply it

Refer to Yuengling. In the first stage of the planning process for Yuengling, it should have ____.

false

Resistance to change usually results from organizational factors: such as the absence of promotion guidelines, bonuses, and praise.

Which of the following statements is true about how the portfolio strategy can be used to help managers acquire companies that fit well with the rest of their corporate portfolio?

Risk can be reduced through related diversification (creating or acquiring companies in related businesses).

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.

S-curve

____ stakeholders are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perceptions about its socially responsible behavior.

Secondary

they can affect public perceptions and opinions

Secondary stakeholders are important to a company because ____.

Which of the following is NOT one of the rules for effective brainstorming?

Select an open-minded group leader.

The highest level of team autonomy is found in ____

Self designing teams

true

Self-designing teams have all the characteristics of self-managing teams, but they can also control and change the design of the teams themselves, the tasks they do and how they do them, and who belongs to the teams.

An organization that rewards its team members through gainsharing is

Sharing the financial value of performance gains

Marie-Helene de Taillac is a well-known European designer of understated, very delicate jewelry. Once she determined that further growth was impossible without changing how she distributed her product, she decided to open her own retail outlet to sell her products rather than letting department stores sell it. Since she made the decision without really examining how much the costs involved in implementing her decision, she has engaged in ____ behavior

She chose an alternative solution that was "good enough" without examining every last variable

magnitude of consequences

Shell Oil Company's plan to sink an abandoned offshore oil-storage buoy had a massive effect on employee motivation and recruitment. The number of qualified people applying for jobs at Shell plummeted, and many employees looked for positions in other companies. The plan caused much greater harm than Shell's managers had ever imagined it would. In other words, the plan had a much greater ____ than predicted.

retrenchment

Significant cost reductions, layoffs of employees, closing of poorly performing stores, offices, or manufacturing plants, or closing or selling entire lines of products or services would be characteristic of a ____ strategy.

____ are a type of operational plan.

Single-use plans

Occurs when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work

Social Loafing

licensing

Sodima is a French cooperative that owns the name, the trade secrets, and the patents on Yoplait yogurt. General Mills pays Sodima for the right to sell Yoplait yogurt in the United States. This is an example of ____.

core capabilities

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Since then, the company has maintained a technological leadership in the production of bike and bike accessories and an organizational culture that encourages innovation. Technological leadership, as well as its organizational culture, are the company's ____.

distinctive competence

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Two-thirds of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. It is recognized worldwide for its ability to design and produce superior mountain bikes. This ability is its ____.

true

Stakeholders are people or groups with an interest in a company's actions.

unrelated diversification

Starbucks, the operator of Starbucks coffeehouses, also markets a line of compilation CDs and other non-coffee items. The making and marketing of the CDs and other non-coffee products would be an example of ____.

true

Strategic dissonance is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management.

____ are the targets that managers use to measure whether their firm has developed the core competencies that it needs to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.

Strategic reference points

true

Structural accommodation means giving teams the ability to change organizational structures, policies, and practices if it helps them meet their stretch goals.

false

Successful organizational cultures seem to be based solely upon consistency (i.e., "strength" of the organizational culture).

economic

Suppose that a Mexican car manufacturer wants to export cars to Guatemala. Knowing that the distribution of income within Guatemala is highly unequal and that about 75 percent of the population is below the poverty line would be a(n) ____ component in the manufacturer's general environment.

A competitive advantage that other companies have tried unsuccessfully to duplicate an shave, for the moment, stopped trying to duplicate

Sustainable competitive advantage

An Australian manufacturer of surfboards wants to increase awareness of its brand in the U.S. market. A ____ plan to accomplish this objective might be to host a series of surfboard competitions in California

Tactical

____ plans are plans that specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.

Tactical

true

Tactical plans and objectives are used to direct behavior, efforts, and attention over the next six months to two years.

true

Tactical plans specify how a company will use its resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.

____ describes the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team

Team Level

manage external and internal relationships

Team leaders typically

manage internal and external relationships

Team leaders typically

Team rewards that depend on ____ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts.

Team performance rather than individual performance

functional or cross functional

Teams can be broadly classified as either ____.

false

Technical skill refers to the ability to see the organization as a whole, how the different parts affect each other, and how the company fits into or is affected by its environment.

false

Technological management involves managing the production of goods and services

knowledge, tools, and techniques

Technology is the ____ used to transform inputs (raw materials, information, etc.) into outputs (products or services).

a government import standard

The European Union (EU) bans the importation of hormone-fed U.S. beef and bioengineered corn and soybeans on safety grounds. This ban is so consumers in the EU will buy domestic beef and products made from domestically produced corn and soybeans. This ban is an example of ____.

policy uncertainty

The Japanese government decreed that Japanese snow was different from all others and required that all snow equipment marketed in the country be made in Japan for safety reasons. The elimination of non-Japanese companies from the market is an example of how ____ can influence global business.

false

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a regional trade agreement between Canada and the United States. No other nations have signed this trade agreement.

accommodative

The Rainforest Action Network, a national advocacy group, launched a bruising PR campaign to stop Home Deport from selling old-growth lumber. After two years of bad publicity and resistance to new store locations, Home Depot surrendered. Today, its suppliers are working with environmental and forestry groups to certify that their wood products are not from endangered areas. Home Depot used a(n) ____ strategy to respond to demands that it be socially responsible.

North American Free Trade Agreement

The ____ is a regional trade agreement that liberalizes trade between countries more than any other such agreement.

standing plan

The ____ is a type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events.

organizational culture

The ____ is the set of key values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by members of an organization.

cooperative

The ____ strategy of minimizing or adapting to the political risk inherent to global business makes use of joint ventures and collaborative contracts.

bureaucratic immunity

The achievement of stretch goals is made easier when the team members have ____.

false

The autonomy continuum shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy. The correct sequence from low team autonomy to high team autonomy is (1) traditional work groups, (2) employee involvement groups, (3) semi-autonomous work groups, (4) self-designing teams, and (5) self-managing teams.

true

The categories of social responsibility for a company are economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary

virtual

The composition of a ____ organization is always changing.

true

The contingency approach to management holds that there is not one best way to manage an organization.

true

The coordination of departmental activities tends to be more difficult with the geographic approach to departmentalization than with the other approaches.

high buyer dependence on a supplier

The creation of Ingram Distribution allows booksellers to streamline the ordering and return procedures of their books. Ingram made all the books bookstore owners wanted available in one centralized warehouse. Many new bookstore owners would be unwilling and/or unable to return to the method of ordering books from the individual publishers. This is an example of the creation of ____.

how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture

The evidence clearly shows that ____ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

true

The evidence clearly shows that how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

norms

The group of medical specialists that work in the neonatal unit of a large teaching hospital has assumed that one of the ____ they should follow is to explain to students the "whys" of specific procedures as they are performed. There is no hospital rule mandating that the students be told an explanation.

self- designing teams

The highest level of team autonomy is found in ____.

act

The last step in the basic model of ethical decision making is to ____.

false

The level of agreement on whether behavior is good or bad is defined as the level of ethical acceptance.

members must learn to express themselves in new contexts

The major drawback to the use of virtual teams is ____.

true

The media would be an example of a secondary stakeholder group for an organization

false

The most common matrix combines customer and functional forms of departmentalization.

easy acess to growing markets

The most important factor used by a globalizing company for determining if a country or a region has an attractive business climate is ____.

true

The motivation to manage tends to be higher among managers at higher levels in the organization than it is among managers at lower levels in the organization.

decreasing a type conflict

The nominal group technique improves group decision making by ____.

false

The phase model of globalization means that companies made the transition from a domestic company to a global company in three sequential phases. The three phases are exporting, followed by wholly owned subsidiaries, and finishing with strategic alliances.

true

The presence of someone with expertise in a group will often cause other group members to withhold efforts.

duplication

The primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is ____.

retrenchment

The purpose of a ____ strategy is to turn around very poor company performance by shrinking the size or scope of the business.

false

The rational decision-making model assumes that managers make decisions under conditions of uncertainty.

true

The shareholder model and the stakeholder model are two techniques for determining to whom organizations should be socially responsible.

maastrich treaty

The signing of the ____ created a regional trading zone in Europe

sorporate level strategy

The term ____ refers to the overall organizational strategy that addresses the question "What business or businesses are we in or should we be in?"

true

The term innovation streams refers to patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage.

true

The three positioning strategies are cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.

preconventional level, conventional level, and postconventional level

The three stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg are ____.

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____.

true

The three steps of the strategy-making process are (1) assess the need for strategic change, (2) conduct a situational analysis, and (3) choose the strategic alternatives.

reciprocal, pooled, and sequential

The three types of task interdependence are

false

The two approaches to maintaining flexibility in organizations while they plan are outcome-based planning and change-based planning.

grand strategies and the portfolio strategy

The two major approaches to corporate-level strategy are ____.

true

The two types of integrity testing currently used by employers are overt integrity tests and personality-based integrity tests.

true

The typical S-curve pattern of innovation indicates that both early and late in the technology cycle, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance.

shortens the innovation process

The use of milestones in the experiential approach to innovation ____.

closed systems

This type of system functions without interacting with their environment.

incremental change

Titleist has been manufacturing golf balls for several years, but each year it comes out with new golf ball designs. Titleist's development of the new Pro VI golf ball with a solid core designed to benefit players with high swing speeds is one example of how the manufacturer survives through ____.

planning

To achieve its goal of increased market share, Krispy Kreme launched a program in Palm Beach County, Florida, that awards grade-school students a free doughnut for every A on their report cards. Creating this program was primarily the function of which management function? Which management function was used to create this program

quota

To protect its farmers, Japan put limitations on the amount of mushrooms and leeks that could be imported into Japan from China. This limitation is an example of a(n) ____.

change agent

____ is responsible for developing strategic plans that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.

Top management

strategic plans

Top management is responsible for developing long-term ____ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.

true

Top managers are responsible for creating a climate for change in an organization.

The least amount of team autonomy is found in

Traditional Work Teams

proactive customer monitoring

Two homebuilders are building homes in nearby subdivisions. One is offering 2,500-square-foot homes with two-acre yards. The other is offering a similar size of house with quarter-acre yards. The builder offering the smaller lots cannot keep up with demand. The builder offering the larger lots has several unsold houses. The builder with the smaller lots most likely used ____ to determine what homebuyers desired.

middle managers

Typical responsibilities for ____ include coordinating and linking groups, departments, and divisions within a company.

...

Typically the most important factor in the relationship between companies and their suppliers is ____.

political uncertainty

Uganda is one of only two countries in the world that produce a mineral required in the manufacturing of cellular phones. Several mining companies recently moved their operations out of the region due to a bloody civil war resulting from a change in rulers. This is an example of how ____ can influence global business.

true

Under conditions in which the rate of both environmental change and complexity go up while environmental resources become scarce, environmental uncertainty can be expected to increase.

true

Unlike licensing, franchising, or joint ventures, wholly owned affiliates are 100 percent owned by the parent company.

design iteration

Unverferth Manufacturing has been a manufacturer and supplier of innovative agricultural equipment since 1948. Recently it began developing a new 12-row subsoiler, which prepares 10-inch-wide seed beds spaced 40 inches apart. Before introducing the new tiller to the market, Unverferth developed and tested nearly three dozen product prototypes. Unverferth used ____ to produce the best possible tiller before introducing it to the market.

effectiveness

Volkswagen Bernd Pischetsrieder, chief executive of Volkswagen, announced restructuring plans for the company. VW is Europe's largest carmaker and needed to make itself profitable once again. To do so, VW cut thousands of jobs in the ensuing years through natural attrition, early retirement, and buying workers out of their contracts. The carmaker also considered whether its component parts factories in Brunswick, Kassel, and Wolfsburg were helping VW accomplish its organizational goal. Pischetsrieder blamed much of the company's problems on restructuring that was done in 1993. He insisted that the company is missing a whole generation of managers because its former CEO eliminated a whole layer of management. Now, 45 percent of managers were expected to go into retirement in the following three or four years. Refer to Volkswagen. VW is examining the ____ of its component parts factories.

political and policy uncertainty

What are the two types of political risk that affect companies conducting global business?

inventory

What is the term used for the amount and number of raw materials, parts, and finished products that a company has in its possession?

external growth

When Clorox Corporation, the manufacturer of bleach and bleach-based cleaning products, acquired Kingsford Charcoal and Prime Choice brand steak sauce; it was an example of ____.

external growth

When Coca-Cola acquired a water-treatment and bottling plant so it could produce and market Dasani brand bottled water, it was an example of ____.

organizational innovation

When Gregg Steiner became the vice president for Cleveland-based Pinxav, he knew the diaper-rash product manufacturer's sales were declining. At a trade show Steiner was pitching the product to some new mothers who had never heard of it. The mothers weren't convinced that they should part with their money for a new-to-them product. The inspired Steiner said, "If you're not happy with the product, I will not only give you your money back, I'll buy you our competitors' product. I'll buy you whatever other brand you want." Suddenly the women were interested, and they all plunked down their money. None of the women ever took Steiner up on his offer. So Steiner decided to make it part of his business practice. This new guarantee was an example of ____.

a problem with franchising in different cultures

When McDonald's entered into an agreement with a French entrepreneur who wanted to own and operate a McDonald's fast-food restaurant in Paris, McDonald's saw the new restaurant as an opportunity. Unfortunately, the restaurant in Paris was not maintained at the cleanliness standards prescribed by McDonald's (but acceptable to the cleanliness standards of the French). McDonald's brought legal action to have the restaurant closed. This example illustrates ____.

discontinuous change

When a U.S. automaker learned that it took longer than any other U.S. car manufacturer to assemble a vehicle, it purchased newer, more flexible manufacturing systems to replace its older ones. Which stage of the technology cycle did it enter?

false

When companies are performing above or better than their strategic reference points, top management is more likely to choose a daring, risk-taking strategy.

accountability

When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____.

primary stake holder

creativity; organizational innovation

When organizations successfully implement creative ideas, ____ must necessarily come before ____.

false

When used together, the combination of behavioral substitution, behavioral addition, and changing visible artifacts is extremely likely to achieve the desired changes in organizational culture.

behavioral substitution and addition

When using ____techniques to change organizational culture, the key to success is to choose behaviors that are central to and symbolic of the old culture that is changing and the new culture you want to create.

frank and lilian gilbreth

Which management theorist would most likely have said, "The greatest waste in the world comes from needless, ill-directed, and ineffective motions"?

none of these

Which of the following approaches will guarantee the successful change of an organizational culture?

a video game manufacturer

Which of the following companies is most likely operating in a dynamic environment?

product liability

Which of the following is NOT a potential legal risk associated with traditional managerial decisions like recruiting, hiring, and firing employees?

conflict managemnt training

Which of the following is NOT necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams?

always resolve issues by consensus

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations for minimizing the occurrence of affective conflict and having a good fight?

Select an open-minded group leader

Which of the following is NOT one of the rules for effective brainstorming?

production blocking

Which of the following is a disadvantage of face-to-face brainstorming that is overcome by electronic brainstorming?

All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work.

Which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work?

gathering and providing performance feedback

Which of the following is an accepted method for tracking progress toward goal achievement?

grand strategies

Which of the following is an example of a common approach to corporate-level strategy?

acting on threats and opportunities

Which of the following is one of the steps in the process that managers use to make sense of their changing environments?

rules and regulations

Which of the following is the most specific type of standing plan?

coercion

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly-owned affiliates

Which of the following represents the correct sequence for the phase model of globalization?

Ethics is the set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or group.

Which of the following statements about ethics is true?

Mechanistic organizations work best in stable, unchanging business environments

Which of the following statements about mechanistic organizations is true?

Economic and legal responsibilities play a larger role in a company's social responsibility than do ethical and discretionary responsibilities.

Which of the following statements about social responsibility is true?

ample resources are available

Which of the following statements describes a circumstance under which teams ought to be used?

setting objectives consistent with organizational goals or planning and implementing subunit strategies for achieving these objectives

Which of the following typically is NOT performed by top managers?

conceptual skills and the motivation to manage

Which skills increase in their importance to success as managers' rise through the managerial ranks?

middle managers

Who is responsible for the creation of tactical plans?

eli whitney

Who is responsible for the fact that most products are manufactured using standardized, interchangeable parts.

false

With regard to the question, "Does it pay to be socially responsible?," research has clearly demonstrated that there is an inherent relationship between social responsibility and economic performance of a company.

strategic reference points

____ are the targets that managers use to measure whether their firm has developed the core competencies that it needs to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage

policies and procedures

____ are types of standing plans

policies and procedures

____ are types of standing plans.

options based planning

____ can help organizations to maintain flexibility as they plan.

fuctional

____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise.

delegation of authority

____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible.

a competitive analysis

____ involves deciding who your competitors are, anticipating competitors' moves, and determining competitors' strengths and weaknesses.

gainsharing

____ is a compensation system in which companies share the financial value of performance gains such as productivity, cost savings, or quality with their workers.

direct foreign investment

____ is a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.

product boycott

____ is a tactic in which an advocacy group actively tries to convince consumers not to purchase a company's product or service.

Henri Fayol

____ is best known for developing the five functions of managers and the fourteen principles of management.

henri fayol

____ is best known for developing the five functions of managers and the fourteen principles of management.

management

____ is defined as getting work done through others

management

____ is defined as getting work done through others.

ethical intensity

____ is strong when decisions have large, certain, immediate consequences and when we are physically or psychologically close to those affected by the decision.

cohesiveness

____ is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it.

decision making

____ is the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives.

synergy

____ occurs when 1 + 1 = 3.

soldiering

____ occurs when workers deliberately slow down their pace or restrict their work outputs.

options based

____ planning keeps options open by making small, simultaneous investments in many alternative plans.

operational

____ plans direct the behavior, efforts, and priorities of operative employees for periods ranging from one to six months.

creativity

____ refers to the production of novel and useful ideas.

affective conflict

____ undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness.

grand strategy

a broad corporate level strategic plan used to achieve strategic goals and guide the strategic alternatives that mangers of individual businesses or subunits may use

what is social responsibility

a business' obligation to pursue policies, make decisions, and take actions that benefit society

industry level strategy

a corporate strategy that addresses the question, "how should we compete in this industry?"

organizational change

a difference in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time

Strategic dissonance

a discrepancy between a company's intended strategy and the strategic actions managers take when implementing that strategy

According to the text, which of the following is a pitfall of planning?

a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions

according to the text, which of the following is a pitfall of planning

a false sense of certainty based on faulty assumptions

product prototype

a full scale working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability

traditional work group

a group composed of two or more people who work together to achieve a shared goal

Strategic group

a group of companies within an industry against which top managers compare, evaluate, and benchmark strategic threats and opportunities

semi-autonomous work group

a group that has the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks of producing a product or service

organizational decline

a large decrease in organizational performance that occurs when companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival

threat of new entrants

a measure of the degree to which barriers to entry make it easy or difficult for new companies to get started in an industry

threat of substitute products or services

a measure of the ease with which customers can find substitutes for an industry's products or services

bargaining power of buyers

a measure of the influence that customers have on a firm's prices

bargaining power of suppliers

a measure of the influence that suppliers of parts, materials, and services to firms in an industry have on the prices of these inputs

character of the rivalry

a measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry

s curve innovation

a pattern of technological innovation characterized by slow initial progress, then rapid progress, and then slow progress

flow

a psychological state of effortlessness in which you become completely absorbed in what you're doing and time seems to pass quickly

Imperfectly imitable resource

a resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate

Rare resource

a resource that is not controlled or possessed by many competing firms

Nonsubstitutable resource

a resource that produces value or competitive advantage and has no equivalent substitutes or replacements

technological discontinuity

a scientific advance or breakthrough

is the tendency to overestimate our value by attributing successes to ourselves (internal causes) and attributing failures to others or the environment (external causes).

a self-serving bias

which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward

a sense of achievement

Which of the following is a mechanism used to examine external threats and opportunities facing a firm as well as its internal strengths and weaknesses?

a situational analysis

A company decided to reduce its inventory by lowering their prices. The plan to get rid of excessive inventory was so successful that the company found itself completely sold out in just a couple of days. In other words, the company experienced ____

a stockout

Diversification

a strategy for reducing risk by buying a variety of items so that the failure of one stock or one business does not doom the entire portfolio

stability strategy

a strategy that focuses on improving the way in which the company sells the same products or services to the same costumer

growth strategy

a strategy that focuses on increasing profits, revenues, market share, or the number of places in which the company does business

retrenchment strategy

a strategy that focuses on turning around very poor company performance by shrinking the size or scope of the business

cross functional team

a team composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization

virtual team

a team composed of geographically and or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunication and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task

self designing team

a team that has the characteristics of self managing teams, but also controls team design, work tasks, and team membership

self managing teams

a team that manages and controls all of the major tasks or producing a product or service

____ is a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.

a. A strategic alliance b. A global new venture c. Direct foreign investment CORRECT d. A joint venture e. Direct exporting

Which of the following statements about disabilities is true?

a. Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive.- CORRECT b. On average, people with disabilities earn the same amount as those without disabilities. c. A disability must be visible to the average person to be considered a true disability. d. None of these statements about disabilities is true. e. A disability is only covered by discrimination laws when it is physical.

____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there.

a. Acculturation b. Cultural proaction c. Cultural advantage d. Diversity- CORRECT e. Affirmative differentiation

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the results-driven change approach to managing change?

a. All of these were cited as advantages of the results-driven change approach.- CORRECT b. It supplants the sole emphasis on activity with a focus on quickly measuring and improving results. c. Managers actually test to see if changes make a difference. d. Managers introduce changes in policies, procedures, rules, and regulations only when they will improve measured performance. e. Quick, visible improvements motivate employees to continue to make additional changes.

____ are both examples of cooperative contracts.

a. Direct investment and indirect investment b. Joint ventures and strategies alliances c. Direct exporting and indirect exporting d. Licensing and joint ventures e. Franchising and licensing CORRECT

____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other.

a. Disposition b. Cognitive activity c. Motivation d. Personality- CORRECT e. Self-concept

Which of the following statements explains why diversity actually makes good business sense?

a. Diversity makes individuals whole by returning them to the condition or place they would have been had it not been for discrimination. b. Diversity allows a company to act with economic responsibility. c. Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees.- CORRECT d. Diversity eliminates glass ceilings. e. Diversity increases an organization's retained earnings.

____ helps companies grow by improving the quality of problem solving and improving marketplace understanding.

a. Diversity- CORRECT b. Acculturation c. A discrimination management department d. Cultural satisfaction e. Reaffirmation

Which of the following might account for the disparities between the percentages of African, Hispanic, and Asian Americans among the general population and their smaller representation in management positions?

a. Federal Trade Commission regulations b. affirmative action programs c. congressional lobbying d. watchdog advocacy groups e. racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace- CORRECT

Which of the following statements about functional departmentalization is true?

a. Functional departmentalization requires the same kinds of functional departments in any company. b. Functional departmentalization is also called free-form specialization. c. Functional departmentalization increases costs by reducing duplication. d. Functional departmentalization allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists. CORRECT e. Functional departmentalization complicates communication and coordination for departmental managers.

____ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

a. Homogeneous work environments b. Innovative societies c. Empathetic work stations d. Participative work teams e. Creative work environments- CORRECT

_________ means increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the power to make decisions about their own work

a. Job specialization b. Job enlargement c. Job design d. Job rotation e. Job enrichment CORRECT

____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise.

a. Matrix b. Customer c. Hierarchical d. Functional CORRECT e. Product

____ is the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of people from a particular country.

a. National culture CORRECT b. National mindset c. Cultural diversity d. National diversity e. Cultural nationalization

____ is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes.

a. Organizational autonomy b. Procedural planning c. Consistency planning d. Standardization CORRECT e. Problem empowerment

____ are long-term, low-interest loans, cash grants, and tax deductions used to develop and protect companies or special industries.

a. Quotas b. Voluntary export restraints c. Tariffs d. Cooperative contracts e. Subsidies CORRECT

__________ is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed.

a. Reciprocating interdependence b. Pooling interdependence c. Repositioning d. Manufacturing conversion e. Reengineering CORRECT

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?

a. Resistance to change will not occur when those affected by the change participate in its planning and implementation. b. Resistance to change will not occur when change efforts receive significant managerial support. c. Resistance to change will not occur when employees are educated about the need for change. d. Resistance to change will always occur; it is inevitable. -CORRECT e. Resistance to change disappears when the organization operates in conditions of certainty.

Which of the following is an example of a diversity principle that will help managers do a better job of managing company diversity programs?

a. Set high but realistic goals. b. All of these are examples of diversity principles.- CORRECT c. Find the common ground. d. Treat group differences as important, but not special. e. Tailor opportunities to individuals, not groups.

____ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective.

a. Social attraction b. Social cohesiveness c. Integrative focus d. Social integration- CORRECT e. Norm cohesiveness

____ is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs

a. Task identity b. Autonomy CORRECT c. Skill variety d. Task significance e. Skill feedback

____ determines the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in their jobs.

a. Task mapping b. Job specialization c. Job design CORRECT d. An organizational chart e. Standardization

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

a. Technological adaptation b. Change substitution c. The technological growth stage d. The era of dominant design e. Discontinuous change- CORRECT

The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called ____.

a. acculturation b. organizational plurality c. cultural proaction d. affirmative action- CORRECT e. discretionary diversity

___ within P&G's management has led the company to realize that Hispanic consumers "are more likely to support a company or brand that is active in their community."

a. affirmative action b. diversity- CORRECT c. organizational plurality d. acculturation e. cultural organization

People with the Big Five dimension of ____ respond well under stress.

a. agreeableness b. empathy c. emotional stability- CORRECT d. conscientiousness e. openness to experience

Organizational development ____.

a. assumes that top management support is not necessary for change b. is accurately described by all of these c. takes a short-term approach to change d. requires a steering committee e. is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions- CORRECT

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance ____,

a. at the end of the cycle b. in the maturity stage of the cycle c. at both the beginning and end of the cycle- CORRECT d. throughout the cycle e. early in the cycle

When significant improvements in performance can ONLY be gained through radical new designs or new performance-enhancing materials, it is likely that a company is ____ in the S-curve pattern of innovation.

a. at the problem identification stage of the innovation cycle b. at the end of its maturity stage c. at either the beginning or end of the innovation cycle d. at the end of the innovation cycle- CORRECT e. at its breakeven point

Diversity helps companies grow by ____.

a. avoiding conflict between employee groups b. preventing discrimination c. complying with federal law d. creating a homogeneous workplace e. improving marketplace understanding- CORRECT

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?

a. change definition b. change mentoring c. organizational dialogue d. unfreezing- CORRECT e. incremental change

a. change forces; resistance forces- CORRECT b. compressed changes; generational changes c. generational changes; inertial changes d. change forces; inertial forces e. generational forces; resistance forces

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

a. coercion- CORRECT b. reinforcement modification c. mentoring d. arbitration e. negotiation

a. coercive change b. discontinuous innovation c. generational change- CORRECT d. a milestone e. intuitive change

The ____ strategy of minimizing or adapting to the political risk inherent to global business makes use of joint ventures and collaborative contracts

a. control b. offensive c. defensive d. avoidance e. cooperation CORRECT

Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at one automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____.

a. corporate synergy b. assembly networking c. organizational innovation- CORRECT d. reverse engineering e. organizational networking

The development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been.

a. creativity reengineering b. technological replacement c. planned shrinkage d. technological discontinuity- CORRECT e. a sustainable competitive advantage

With ____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses.

a. customer b. product c. geographic d. functional e. matrix CORRECT

Organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

a. deployment b. change c. innovation- CORRECT d. development e. creativity

The __________ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

a. dialectical b. compression- CORRECT c. generational d. milestones e. prototypical

The first stage of organizational decline is:

a. dissolution b. crisis c. blinded- CORRECT d. inaction e. faulty action

A(n) ____ is a formal assessment that measures employee and management attitudes, investigates the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and reviews companies' diversity-related policies and procedures.

a. diversity audit- CORRECT b. diversity comparison c. individual SWOT analysis d. stereotypical audit e. employee-oriented attitudinal review

Which of the following diversity practices is a special kind of mentoring?

a. diversity audits b. diversity pairing- CORRECT c. role-playing d. awareness training e. the Delphi technique

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that ____.

a. diversity requires a wider span of management b. affirmative action does not alter organizational structures, and diversity does c. affirmative action is legally mandated in all private companies d. diversity has a broader focus- CORRECT e. diversity is legally mandated in all private companies

Unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences.

a. diversity; self-monitoring b. affirmative action; self-monitoring c. diversity; affirmative action d. affirmative action; diversity- CORRECT e. federal agency monitoring; self-monitoring

Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by ____.

a. empathetic design b. incremental change c. technological substitution- CORRECT d. synergy e. innovative reciprocity

Organizational authority is traditionally characterized by:

a. empowerment b. reengineering c. all of these d. chain of command CORRECT e. behavioral informality

It is appropriate to use a(n) ____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments during periods of incremental change, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of the existing technological design.

a. experiential- b. prototypical c. milestones d. reinforcement e. compression- CORRECT

A(n) ____ is an agreement in which a foreign business owner pays a company a fee for the right to conduct that business in his or her country.

a. exporting agreement b. joint venture c. strategic alliance d. direct investment e. cooperative contract CORRECT

Hofstede's research has shown there are:

a. four factors upon which a company should base its decision to globalize b. two distinct methods for dealing with cultural differences--adaptation and continuation c. direct relationships existing between type of infrastructures and growth potential d. five consistent dimensions of cultural differences across countries CORRECT e. no cultural differences among nations in which Spanish is the national language

With divisions that focus on business clients and consumer clients, companies like Sprint, American Express, and others are examples of ____ departmentalization.

a. functional b. customer CORRECT c. matrix d. boundaryless e. product

Hallmark has four departments. These departments are (1) Flowers and Gifts, (2) Cards and E-cards, (3) Hallmark Collectibles, and (4) Photo Albums and Scrapbooks. Hallmark uses ____ departmentalization.

a. functional b. product CORRECT c. geographic d. matrix e. customer

In terms of the chain of command, ____ authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ____ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates.

a. functional; expert b. departmental; functional c. centralized; decentralized d. internal; external e. line; staff CORRECT

Procter & Gamble has divisions for personal and beauty, house and home, health and wellness, baby and family, and pet nutrition and care. These divisions indicate that the company uses ____ departmentalization.

a. geographic b. strategic business unit (SBU) c. customer d. product CORRECT e. functional

In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consist of ____.

a. incremental change, discontinuous change, dominant design, and technological discontinuity b. technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, and incremental change- CORRECT c. technological discontinuity, incremental change, discontinuous change, and technological continuity d. dominant design, discontinuous change, era of incremental change, and technological discontinuity e. discontinuous change, incremental change, technological discontinuity, and dominant design

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called:

a. innovation maps b. innovation streams- CORRECT c. results-driven change d. cyclical inventions e. organization development

The central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is ____.

a. internal motivation CORRECT b. task identification c. synergy d. time-motion studies e. a value-added measure

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.

a. internal resource environment b. structure or personnel requirements c. human, technical, and conceptual skills needed d. knowledge, tools, and techniques- CORRECT e. way information is integrated

The chain of command ____.

a. is described by none of these CORRECT b. acts at cross-purposes to the unity of command principle c. is the horizontal line of authority that indicates at which level of management an individual belongs d. is only relevant in mechanistic organizations e. does not permit delegation of authority

An expatriate is someone who:

a. is unhappy with his or her present residence b. desires to be employed in a country outside of his or her own c. believes strongly in nationalization d. claims dual citizenship e. lives and works outside of his or her own country CORRECT - E

An organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in ____.

a. job specialization b. job enlargement CORRECT c. task aggregation d. job rotation e. employee specialization

Decentralization ____

a. leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees CORRECT b. tends to stymie employee capabilities c. is accurately described by all of these d. is more appropriate where standardization is important e. is characteristic of large companies

In terms of Hofstede's cultural differences, the people who are described as happy-go-lucky and are people who are comfortable with an unstructured life and deal well with sudden changes. In terms of Hofstede's cultural differences, these people have a ____.

a. low degree of uncertainty avoidance CORRECT b. masculine culture c. high degree of uncertainty avoidance d. feminine culture e. culture based on equity

Historically, most companies have used the ____ to successfully enter foreign markets.

a. market echo approach b. global new venture approach c. ripple approach d. phase model of globalization CORRECT e. guerrilla approach

Which of the following jobs would be most likely to require someone who has high degree of extraversion?

a. market researcher b. bookkeeper c. salesperson- CORRECT d. computer technician e. wholesale plant nursery operator

(n) ____ organization is one that is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities; loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge.

a. mechanistic b. modular c. departmentalized d. organic CORRECT e. centralized

The two basic types of diversity training programs are ____.

a. mentoring and role-playing b. role-playing and computer simulation c. awareness training and skills-based diversity training- CORRECT d. organizational plurality and individual autonomy e. computer simulation and role-playing

A(n) __________ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities, precisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.

a. modular b. mechanistic CORRECT c. standardized d. departmentalized e. organic

Except for the core business activities that they can perform better, faster, and cheaper than others, __________ outsource all remaining business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants.

a. modular organizations CORRECT b. hierarchical organizations c. organizational networks d. boundaryless organizations e. virtual organizations

The two general kinds of trade barriers are:

a. nationalistic and geocentric barriers b. qualitative and quantitative barriers c. voluntary and involuntary barriers d. government import standards and industry import standards e. tariff barriers and nontariff barriers CORRECT

Starbucks is expanding its global operations into South America in spite of the real probability of civil wars and terrorist activities in many of the continent's nations. As Starbucks expands into South America, it must deal with ____.

a. nationalistic equity b. infrastructure regulation c. political uncertainty CORRECT d. strategy risk e. economic uncertainty

All global new ventures share two common factors. One is the bringing of a good or service to several different foreign markets at the same time. The other is ____.

a. none of these CORRECT b. a mechanistic organizational culture c. the development of culturally-specific implementation policies d. the use of local adaptation strategy e. the ability to respond quickly and efficiently to any changes in the external environment

According to John Kotter's analysis of the errors managers make when leading change, the first and potentially most serious of these errors is:

a. not removing obstacles to the new vision b. not establishing a great enough sense of urgency- CORRECT c. declaring victory too soon d. not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture e. a poorly designed organizational mission

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called:

a. organization development b. innovation maps c. cyclical inventions d. results-driven change e. innovation streams- CORRECT

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called ____.

a. organization development b. results-driven change c. innovation maps d. cyclical inventions e. innovation streams- CORRECT

While ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, ____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization.

a. organizational structure; organizational process CORRECT - A b. organizational process; organizational structure c. interorganizational process; intraorganizational process d. intraorganizational process; interorganizational process e. departmentalization; functionalization

An individual's ____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.

a. personality b. motivation c. locus of control d. disposition- CORRECT e. attitude

What are the two types of political risk that affect companies conducting global business?

a. policy uncertainty and expropriation potential b. cultural strength and political risks c. infrastructure dynamism and political uncertainty d. political uncertainty and policy uncertainty CORRECT - D e. nationalism and economic uncertainty

Two factors help determine the growth potential of foreign markets. They are foreign competition and:

a. political stability b. purchasing power CORRECT c. creative differences d. communications and transportation systems e. product diffusion rate

The three types of task interdependence are

a. pooled, delegated, and systematic b. sequential, delegated, and pooled c. delegated, integrated, and combined d. integrated, reciprocal, and synergistic e. reciprocal, pooled, and sequential CORRECT

The term ____ refers to a work environment where (1) each member is empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves; and (2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group.

a. positive affectivity b. deep-level diversity c. social integration d. organizational plurality- CORRECT e. social internalization

The term ____ is used by Hofstede to describe the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations.

a. power distance b. short-term/long-term orientation c. risk aversion d. masculinity e. uncertainty avoidance CORRECT

A technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

a. process b. cycle- CORRECT c. continuum d. pattern e. hierarchy

Affirmative action programs are typically designed to ____.

a. protect white, non-Hispanic Americans b. create homogeneous diversity c. do all of these d. compensate for past discrimination- CORRECT e. be punitive

Which of the following factors helps a company determine the growth potential of a foreign market?

a. purchasing power CORRECT b. land availability c. type of infrastructure d. natural boundaries e. political uncertainty

A(n) __________ function is an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products.

a. staff b. organic c. line CORRECT d. mechanistic e. charted

Older workers ____.

a. tend to perform less effectively compared to younger workers b. are accurately described by none of these- CORRECT c. typically demonstrate poor judgment d. are more likely to quit, be late, or be absent than younger workers e. care less about the quality of their output than younger workers

The evidence clearly shows that __________ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

a. the amount of cross-cultural training provided to the expatriate b. the similarity of the foreign language to the expatriate's native language c. the amount of language training provided to the expatriate d. how willing the expatriate was to accept the foreign assignment e. how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture CORRECT

The evidence clearly shows that ____ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment

a. the amount of language training provided to the expatriate b. how willing the expatriate was to accept the foreign assignment c. how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture CORRECT d. the similarity of the foreign language to the expatriate's native language e. the amount of cross-cultural training provided to the expatriate

Global business is defined as____.

a. the buying and selling of goods and services to people from different countries CORRECT b. only involves companies with more than 50 employees c. includes any sale of goods and services d. refers to sales made to people from different cultures, different regions, and different nations e. is unregulated

Conscientiousness is ____.

a. the degree to which someone is active and gregarious b. the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, and achievement-oriented- CORRECT c. defined by none of these d. the degree to which someone is cooperative, flexible, good-natured, tolerant, and trusting e. the degree to which someone is curious Hide Feedback

Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity?

a. the learning and effectiveness paradigm b. the discrimination and fairness paradigm- CORRECT c. the affirmative action paradigm d. the personal integration paradigm e. the access and legitimacy paradigm

Organizational plurality is consistent with:

a. the paradigm of commonality b. the learning and effectiveness paradigm- CORRECT c. the determination and fairness paradigm d. none of these e. the access and legitimacy paradigm

Which of the following is a paradigm for managing diversity?

a. the paradigm of organizational diversity b. the learning and effectiveness paradigm- CORRECT c. the affirmative action paradigm d. the sociocultural paradigm e. the Machiavellian paradigm

Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity?

a. the removal of organizational impediments b. the development of challenging work c. all of these- CORRECT d. the granting of autonomy e. organizational encouragement

To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____.

a. use job enlargement b. make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations- CORRECT c. create a code of ethics d. use a matrix organizational structure e. centralize their hiring practices

The organizational process ____.

a. uses vertical and horizontal departmentalization b. is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value CORRECT c. limits the adaptivity of an organization d. defines roles not activities e. is a traditional method for establishing organizational structures

When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____.

a. utility b. reciprocity c. empathy d. synergy e. accountability CORRECT

Which of the following factors should be considered when choosing an office/manufacturing location in the Brazilian market for a U.S. company that operates cinemas and wants to open a chain of movie theatres there?

a. work force quality b. exchange rates c. tariff and nontariff barriers d. the strategy of the movie theater chain e. all of these CORRECT

structural accomodation

ability to change organizational structures, polocies, and practices in order to meet stretch goals

bureaucratic immunity

ability to make changes without first getting approval from managers or other parts of an organization

The founder and CEO of a medical products distributor, establishes ambitious goals for his employees and is confident that they will be able to achieve these goals. In terms of the path-goal theory, this founder and CEO is exhibiting a(n) _____ type of leadership.

achievement-oriented

is unintentional discrimination in which there is a substantially different rate of selection in hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions that works to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, sex, age, ethnicity, or protected group.

adverse impact

which of the following is an external recruiting method

advertising

unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences

affirmative action; diversity

refers to the degree to which someone is cooperative, polite, flexible, forgiving, good natured, tolerant, and trusting

agreeableness

Which of the following is an example of a stakeholder group that an organization must satisfy to assure long-term survival?

all of these

Which of the following organizations are covered by the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines?

all of these

The manager of a company that produces a soy-based sausage wants to conduct a competitive analysis. During this competitive analysis, he should look at

all of these (chapter 3 quiz)

which of the following is an organizational impediment to creativity in a work environment

all of these (chapter 7 quiz)

which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work

all of these are reasons why (chapter 10)

which of the following statements about ISO 9000 is true?

all of these statements about ISO 9000 are true (chapter 18)

experiential approach to innovation

an approach to innovation that assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition, flexible options, and hands on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding

compression approach to innovation

an approach to innovation that assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed up innovation

Situational (SWOT) analysis

an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organizations internal environment and the opportunities and threats in its external environment

Among companies who use the adaptive strategies, ____ blend the strategies used by ____.

analyzers; defenders and prospectors

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, small amounts of effort will result in significant increases in performance ____.

at the midpoint of the cycle

is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs

autonomy

the two basic types of diversity training programs are

awareness training and skills-based diversity training

are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job related background information not provided by applicants

background checks

bargaining power of suppliers

according to Michael Porter, 5 industry forces determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability. Which of the following is one of those forces Porter identified

bargaining power of suppliers

to improve traditional performance appraisal feedback sessions, it is recommended that managers

base performance appraisal feedback on self-appraisals

to minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do with of the following

before firing employees, managers should give them a change to improve

the fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of

bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs)

Planning works best when the goals and action plans at the ____ of the organization support the goals and action plans at the ____ of the organization.

bottom and middle; top

how do employees try to restore equity when they perceive that they have been treated unfairly?

by doing any of these (Chapter 13)

References Etc will pose as a prospective employer, call a prior employer on an employee's behalf, and find out what the former employer is saying. If the prior employer provides unsubstantiated negative information, then the job applicant ____

can sue for defamation

A(n) ____ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort.

change agent

Levi Strauss Emily Morgan is a 30-year veteran at Levi Strauss & Company. She joined the company as a secretary in the advertising department and slowly began rising through the ranks. The more she saw how the company worked, the more dissatisfied she became. According to Morgan, the company was "dysfunctional" and "internally competitive, one division against another." This is why Morgan became a part of the change initiative when talk of reinventing the company spread through headquarters. She led the team that designed the Develop Sources process, a system for working with suppliers. In 1995, Morgan became vice president for fulfillment, Asia. Her job was to convince Levi's Asia suppliers to adopt more efficient production and distribution techniques. The Asian suppliers were afraid of change. Once Morgan and her staff showed suppliers how use of the Develop Sources program would benefit them, Morgan's job to transform Levi's Asian operations became easier. Refer to Levi Strauss. Emily Morgan is an example of a(n) __

change agent

according to Kurt Lewin, _____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ supports the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization

change forces; resistance forces

Clorox Corporation controls 60 percent of the bleach market. Imagine you are an entrepreneur who was considering developing and marketing a new brand of bleach. Which of Michael Porter's industry forces should you be most concerned about?

character of the rivalry

the two types of visionary leadership are

charismatic leadership transformational leadership

Planning is ultimately based upon ____.

choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal

Which of the following is NOT one of the core job characteristics in the job characteristics model (JCM)?

client relationships

is the tendency to fill in gaps of missing information by assuming that what we don't know is consistent with what we already know.

closure

is a kind of one-on-one communication used by managers to improve an employee's on-the-job performance or behavior.

coaching

which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions

coercion

which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs

cognitive ability tests

how would you respond to the following statement? "Group conflict is always bad."

cognitive conflict is strongly associated with improvements in team performance

is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it

cohesiveness

reactors

companies that do not follow a consistent adaptive strategy, but instead react to changes in the external environment after they occur

defenders

companies using an adaptive strategy aimed at defending strategic positions by seeking moderate, steady growth and by offering a limited range of high-quality product and services

Prospectors

companies using an adaptive strategy that seeks fast growth by searching for new market opportunities, encouraging risk taking, and being the first to bring innovative new products to market

gainsharing

compensation system in which companies share the financial value of performance gains, such as increased productivity, cost savings, or quality, with their workers

skill based pay

compensation system that pays employees for learning additional skills or knowledge

design competition

competition between new and old technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant design

An organization is experiencing ____ when it is reluctant to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past.

competitive inertia

The highly fragmented chemical industry in Europe has experienced decreasing profits in an industry reluctance to change the way it conducts business, especially in how it competes against lower-priced U.S. imports. This is an example of ____.

competitive inertia

NTL is the largest cable company in the United Kingdom. The company has recently declared bankruptcy and needs to engage in restructuring in order to give it more flexibility and allow it to raise capital. Since it has identified the need for strategic change, what would be the organization's next step in this strategy-making process?

conducting a situation analysis

The Survivor reality show series has different people each season, but there are always certain types of people present. In the 2005 season, there was a fishmonger who was not very tall and not very athletic, but she was able to impress her group members with her organization skills, her willingness to work hard, her perseverance, and her achievement-orientation. In terms of the Big Five Personality Dimensions, she represented a personality that ranked high in:

conscientiousness

which of the Big Five Personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations

conscientiousness

in terms of leadership behavior, the term _____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.

consideration

is feedback that is intended to be helpful, corrective, and/or encouraging and is aimed at correcting performance deficiencies and motivating employees.

constructive feedback

In many organizations, sales managers develop company-wide sales forecasts by asking members of the sales force to decide how much growth they anticipate in their individual sales territories. Sales managers then take the input from the individual salespeople and create the company-wide sales forecasts based on this information. In the normative decision model, this would be an example of a(n) _____ decision-making style.

consultative

W.L. Gore is the company that created Gore-Tex among many other innovative products. W.L. Gore employees (known as associates) don't have titles or bosses in the traditional sense. Instead, associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time. At W.L. Gore, few leaders are appointed; leaders simply emerge as needed by the other employees or the project itself. The Gore company more than likely adheres to the _____ theory of leadership.

contingency

core capabilities

core firm

When The Home Depot opened stores in Canada, it ran a series of ads featuring an animated hammer that showed that the U.S.-based home improvement store had the lowest prices. According to Michael Porter, which of the following positioning strategies did The Home Depot adopt to deal with existing Canadian stores that sold similar products?

cost leadership

is communication with someone about non-job-related issues that may be affecting or interfering with the person's performance.

counseling

Aveda is a manufacturer and marketer of cosmetics, perfumes, hair-care, and skin-care products. To differentiate its products from other similar brands, Aveda focuses on educating its customers on general skin and hair care. Its salespeople are trained to answer questions and help customers find solutions. Aveda has used customer education and employee training to ____.

create a competitive advantage

related diversification

creating or acquiring coma pies that share similar products, manufacturing, marketing, technology, or cultures

unrelated diversification

creating or acquiring companies in completely unrelated businesses

refers to the production of novel and useful ideas

creativity

an organization engaged in _____ its work team members is training them in how to do all or most of the jobs performed by the other team memebers

cross training

the ____ is purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization

cross-functional team

large accounting agencies typically have separate departments that deal with households, businesses, and governments. this allows them to better serve the needs of their clients by using ____ departmentalization

customer

The three principles that characterize TMQ are continuous improvements, teamwork, and _____

customer focus and satisfaction

In order to achieve diversity, organizations must have variety among their employees and their:

customers

A technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

cycle

a technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends with that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology

cycle

According to John Kotter, which of the following actions will adversely influence refreezing efforts?

declaring victory too soon

according to John Kotter, which of the following actions will adversely influence refreezing efforts

declaring victory too soon

Hohner is a company that manufactures and markets harmonicas, a product with a steady demand rate. It is so successful at what it does that the company controls 85 percent of the world's harmonica industry. In terms of the adaptive strategies, Hohner would most likely be categorized as a(n) ____.

defender

which of the following steps in the decision making process can be done better by groups than by individuals

defining the problem and generating alternatives

_____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible

delegation of authority

is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks

departmentalization

is feedback that is disapproving w/out any intention of being helpful and almost always causes a negative or defensive reaction in the recipient.

destructive feedback

approach to decision making is a method in which an individual or subgroup is assigned the role of critic

devil's advocate

An ad for a major brand of clothes washer reads, "Since our humble beginnings back in 1950, we have been dedicated to building machines with superior cleaning power, reliability, and style." This manufacturer is more than likely using which kind of positioning strategy?

differentiation

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership is being practiced that involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure that people follow standard rules and regulations.

directive leadership

discontinuous change

is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs

disparate treatment

The informational role managers' play when they share information they have collected with their subordinates and others in the company is called the ____ role.

disseminator

a manufacturer of suntan lotion could set a ____ goal to increase revenues by 8% over the next 5 years and a ____ goal to increase sales next June in the Miami Beach area by 3%

distal; proximal

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. 2/3 of its profits from the sale of mountain bikes. It is recognized worldwide for its ability to design and produce superior mountain bikes. This ability is its

distinctive competence

While ____ are tangible, ____ are not

distinctive competencies; core capabilities

is the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated

distributive justice

In Great Britain, Nestlé introduced a candy bar called Yorkie with the slogan "It's not for girls!" The resulting furor over this sexist campaign required its British managers to spend a great deal of time in the role of:

disturbance handlers

When the CEO of a large corporation explained to their unionized employees why the company had to reduce healthcare coverage for its employees, he was engaging in _____ communications.

downward

the U.S. chemical industry faces a looming shortage of process operators and is hiring new ones as fast as it can. the average age of an effective process operator is 50. a wave of retirements among these highly qualified and experienced operators in coming years will create openings for as many as 10,000 operator in the chemical industry. the retirement of the current operators is an example of

dysfunctional turnover

historically, ____ responsibility means making a profit by producing a product valued by society. It has been the most basic social responsibility of a business

economic

suppose that a Mexican car manufacturer wants to export cars to Guatemala. Knowing that the distribution of income w/in Guatemala is highly unequal and that about 75% of the population is below the poverty line would be an ______ component in the manufacturer's general environment

economic

which of the following statements about social responsibility is true

economic and legal responsibilities play a larger role in a company's social responsibility than do ethical and discretionary responsibilities

when resistance to change is based on insufficient, incorrect, or misleading information, managers should use ___ as an approach to manage resistance

education and communication

which of the following traits refers to the tendency of leaders to remain even tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong?

emotional stability

An article addressed to nurses who work in intensive care emphasize practices affirming the patient's intrinsic value and individual personality. One method to affirm the patient's intrinsic value is to demonstrate ____

empathy

job specialization can result in

employee boredom

One of the benefits of planning is how it ____

encourages people to work harder for extended periods

One of the benefits of planning is how it ____.

encourages people to work harder for extended periods

Which of the following is a commonly used method for increasing goal commitment?

encouraging worker participation in goal setting

the first step managers use to make sense of their changing environments

environmental scanning

According to _____, people will be motivated when they perceive they are being treated fairly

equity theory

companies relying on a trucking company providing just-in-time (JIT) transportation would _____

expect the chemical and dry bulk procedures to be delivered as they are needed by the production line

states that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and they are often attractive rewards

expectancy theory

The ____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment and that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.

experiential

In the model of the communication process presented in text, ____ makes senders aware of possible miscommunications and enables them to continue communicating until the receiver understands the intended message.

feedback

When the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers is high, companies in the industry will ____.

find it more difficult to be profitable

The positioning strategy that is always paired with one of the other two positioning strategies to produce a specialized product or service is ____.

focus

____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise

functional

Teams can be broadly classified as either__

functional or cross functional

is a compensation system in which companies share the financial value or performance gains such as productivity, cost savings, or quality with their works

gainsharing

The goal of a company was to reduce the expenses incurred by the sales force. A manager examining weekly expense sheets would be using which of the accepted methods for tracking progress toward goal achievement?

gathering and providing performance feedback

Which of the following is an accepted method for tracking progress toward goal achievement?

gathering and providing performance feedback

in the 1960s, Coca-Cola executives in Atlanta learned there was a bottler in the Colombian jungle that was bottling pirated Coke in dumped bottles. Coke decided in the ____ stage of the rational decision making process that it had to either bring some sort of legal action against the unauthorized bottler, ignore it, or buy it.

generation of alternative courses of action

unfreezing

getting the people affected by a change to believe that change is needed

is a barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in an organization

glass ceiling

which of the following statements comparing goods and services is true?

goods can be collected and stored but services are perishable and unstorable

The two major approaches to corporate-level strategy are ____.

grand strategies and the portfolio strategy

Hawthrone Studies showed how _____ can influence work group performance, for better or worse

group cohesiveness

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?

group compensation

minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ____

groups of ten or larger

Companies can achieve growth mainly by ____.

growing internally through direct expansion or creating new businesses

The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines impose smaller fines on companies that ____.

have already established a specific type of compliance program

groupthink occurs in

highly cohesive groups where there is a great deal of pressure to agree with each other

The ____ approach to management focuses on the psychological and social aspects of work.

human relations

A(n) ____ is a resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate.

imperfectly imitable

An ____ is a resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate

imperfectly imitable

Which of the following must be met if a firm's resources are to be used to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage

imperfectly imitable resources

diversity helps companies grow by

improving marketplace understanding

during the ___ phase of a technology cycle, companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant design

incremental change

A(n) ____ strategy is a corporate strategy that addresses the question "How should we compete in this industry?"

industry level

College football coaching requires that coaches design every facet of practices, set goals for their players, determine schedules, and even direct all of the plays during the games. College football coaching uses ____ type of managing.

initiating structure

organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations

innovation

patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called

innovation streams

which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?

inspiring and motivating others

refers to the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and the organizational culture

internal environment

Companies in the chemical industry are struggling to attract the most talented college graduates. One of the biggest challenges facing these companies is attracting new talent to organizations with an "old economy" image. A situational analysis would term this challenge a(n) ____.

internal weakness

In the perceptual process, ____ is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge.

interpretation

The Gantt chart

is a chart that shows when & where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion

The Gantt chart ____.

is a chart that shows when and where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion

a bureaucracy

is the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge, expertise, or experience

reinforcement theory says behavior is a function of

its consequences

which of the following is a component of the specific environment that would directly influence a restaurant's day-to-day operation

its regular customers

an organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs withing one particular job has engaged in ____

job enlargement

according to some industrial psychologists, _____ is a function of motivation times ability times situational constraints

job performance

research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on ____, consideration impacts primarily on ____

job performance; job satisfaction

which of the following is an internal recruiting method

job posting

The Ryerson University Library is organized in a hierarchy with six unit heads reporting to a chief librarian. Within these units are fifteen librarians and forty-seven full-time staff. One of the tools used in the organizational development of the library was to systematically move employees from one job to another to give them an opportunity to learn and use different skills. The Ryerson University Library used _____

job rotation

help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job related

job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions

Which of the following is NOT a step in the management by objectives (MBO) process?

jointly develop operational plans

which of the following is not a step in the management by objectives (MBO) process

jointly develop operational plans

during a job interview, interviewers can use their knowledge of face and body movements to determine when interviewees are telling the truth. This knowledge is called

kinesics

decentralization

leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees

Ramin wood, which is used to make pool cues and picture frames, was declared an endangered species and its export is regulated by the government of Indonesia. In spite of attempts to control the sale of the wood, it is still being carried across Indonesia's national borders and sold in Malaysia where government officials pretend the wood was legally acquired. Companies that buy the illegally-acquired wood in Malaysia are ignoring their ____ responsibility to society.

legal

in terms of the chain-of-command, _____ authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ____ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates

line; staff

Under conditions of ____, a competitive attack by the stronger rival is more likely to produce sustained competitive advantage.

low resource similarity

a glass of water and shelter from a snowstorm would be examples of _____, and a gold necklace and tickets to see professional wrestling would not be

low-order needs

To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53% of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26%. In terms of the normative decision theory, the CEO _____

made autocratic decisions

the lowest of degree of processing occurs in _____ operations, where a company orders parts and assembles standardized products before receiving customer orders.

make-to-stock

Resource similarity and ____ are factors that determine the extent to which firms will be in direct competition with each other.

market commonality

with _____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses

matrix

According to the SMART guidelines, goals should be

measurable

a(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities, precisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain-of-command based on centralized authority and vertical communication

mechanistic

Typical responsibilities for ____ include coordinating and linking groups, departments, and divisions within a company

middle managers

which of the following statements about performance appraisal is true

most employees and managers dislike the performance appraisal process

Driving in heavy traffic makes Hal very anxious and sometimes angry. He leaves home earlier than usual one morning and doesn't run into heavy traffic. He leaves home earlier again the next morning, and again he avoids heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving home earlier is strengthened by the consequence of the avoidance of heavy traffic. What kind of reinforcement has occurred in this example?

negative reinforcement

which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?

none of these (Chapter 14)

which of the following is NOT a kind of inventory a manufacturer would keep in stock?

nonrenewable materials

According to the text, valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable resources can produce sustainable competitive advantage only if they are ____ resources.

nonsubstitutable

a group of workers in a medical examiner's office decided that they would not wear blue jeans to work because such casual wear seemed unprofessional. this informal agreement was made even through the office did not have a dress code. the workers created a

norm

according the the Americans with Disabilities Act, disabilities (and reasonable accommodations for them) should be discussed ___

only after a job offer has been made

someone [is] described as having a mind-boggling breadth of his curiosity. in terms of the Big Five Personality Dimensions, this person would be described as having a high degree of

openness to experience

Budgets are an example of ____ planning.

operational

There are three kinds of ____ plans. They are single-use plans, standing plans, and budgets

operational

There are three kinds of ____ plans. They are single-use plans, standing plans, and budgets.

operational

____ plans direct the behavior, efforts, and priorities of operative employees for periods ranging from one 1 to 6 months

operational

resistance to change

opposition to change resulting from self interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change

The basic purpose of ____ planning is to leave commitments open by maintaining slack resources

options based planning

a(n) ___ organization is one that is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities, loosely defined, frequently changing roles, and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge

organic

Chester Barnard defined a(n) ____ as "a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons."

organization

organizational innovation

is the withholding of information about organizational problems or issues by employees.

organizational silence

A business school administrator who is determining what classes will be offered in which rooms and who will teach each specific class is involved in which classical management function?

organizing

The term ____ refers to the overall organizational strategy that addresses the question "What business or businesses are we in or should we be in?"

orporate-level strategy

according to the path-goal theory of leadership, _____ involves consulting employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions.

participative leadership

innovation streams

patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage

because of ____, people exposed to the same information will often disagree about what they saw or heard.

perceptual filters

A manager engaged in the management function of ____ is determining organizational goals and the means for achieving them.

planning

Nestlé was unsuccessful in early attempts to sell its chocolate in India. It discovered its chocolate bars were not suitable for the Indian markets because the candy had to sit in direct sunlight without benefit of air conditioning and became messy. Nestlé adopted an innovation strategy and developed Chocostick, a liquid chocolate, which is very popular. Solving this problem involved what management function?

planning

fear of a lawsuit prevents many employers from giving totally honest recommendations to former employees. This reflects a change in the _____ component of the general environment

political/legal

Cost leadership, differentiation, and focus are the three types of ____ strategies discussed in the text.

positioning

Users of credit and debt cards that earn the owners money or rewards towards future purchases, is an example of

positive reinforcement

A(n) ____ resource is a resource that is not controlled or

possessed by many competing firms. 999 rare

potential for long-term profitability

____ stakeholders are groups, such as shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, governments, and local communities, on which the organization depends for long-term survival

primary

A ____ exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing)

problem

A ____ exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing).

problem

exists when there is a gap between a desired state (what managers want) and an existing state (the situation that the managers are facing).

problem

are standing plans that indicate the specific steps that should be taken in response to a particular event

procedures

which of the following is NOT a well-known technique for managing inventory?

progressive inventory management (PIM)

which of the following kinds of team is always temporary

project team

prospecting

France has 14 million smokers. More importantly, smokers in France are closely associated with the French culture. To reduce the number of smokers in the nation, the French government has increased the costs of cigarettes to a price twenty times greater than that charged in any other nation in the European Union. In terms of reinforcement theory, the French government is trying to use _____ to get people to quit smoking by making cigarettes less affordable and by reducing the discretionary income (or possibly the disposable income) of people who continue smoking.

punishment

is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment

quid pro quo sexual harassment

rational decision making

inventories include the basic inputs in a manufacturing process.

raw materials

Which of the adaptive strategies tends to result in the poorest performance?

reactors

is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance such as cost, quality, service, and speed

reengineering

in equity theory, _____ are others with whom people compare themselves to determine if they have been treated fairly

referents

Deutsche Bank became the world's largest bank through mergers with Bankers Trust, a transatlantic banking operation. Since both banking companies had similar core capabilities, this would be classified as an example of ____.

related diversification

The research on diversification in portfolio management indicates that the best approach is probably ____.

related diversification

An emphasis on _____ is likely to decrease opportunistic behavior but will never completely eliminate it

relationship behavior

One method of weighing decision criteria uses ____, which is a process where each decision is compared directly to every other criterion.

relative comparisons

the ability to consistently perform a service well is referred to as service _____

reliability

From a competitive standpoint, ____ means that the strategic actions your company takes can probably be matched by your direct competitors.

resource similarity

In the perceptual process, ____ is the process of remembering interpreted information.

retention

retrenchment

The purpose of a ____ strategy is to turn around very poor company performance by shrinking the size or scope of the business.

retrenchment

The ____ strategy is analogous to pruning flowers.

retrenchment/recovery

Which of the following is the most specific type of standing plan?

rules and regulations

new employees were instructed never to wear loose fitting clothes when working around the canning machine. What kind of a standing plan is described in this example

rules and regulations

Marketers often appeal to consumers' needs as defined by Maslow's hierarchy. A lock manufacturer, shows how much protection its locks provide and a cleaning company developed several types of wipes to eliminate concerns about infectious germs. Both marketers are appealing to which need as defined by Maslow?

safety

which of the following is an example of extrinsic reward

salary increase

satisficing

____ occurs when managers choose an alternative that is good enough, rather than the best possible alternative

satisficing

Shell's efforts to sink an abandoned offshore oil-storage buoy, were derailed by Greenpeace in Germany, which mounted a well-orchestrated public relations blitz that caused Shell's gasoline sales to plunge by 50% at some German stations. This is an example of how _____ stakeholders can influence organizational strategy

secondary

____ stakeholders are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perception about its socially responsible behavior

secondary

When doing an analysis of strategic groups to assess external environmental threats and opportunities, ____ firms are firms that use related but somewhat different strategies than ____ firms.

secondary; core

leaders who possess the trait of ____ are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' confidence.

self-confidence

which of the following types of teams has the authority to change their composition as well as all of their tasks and work methods

self-designing teams

which of the following is one of the sources of resistance to change

self-interest

refers to restoring customer satisfaction to strongly dissatisfied customers

service recovery

most companies define product ___ in terms of how easy or difficult it is to fix a product,

serviceability

model holds that the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profit

shareholder

What type of planning would be used to create the festivities necessary to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of a furniture manufacturer?

single use plan

Which of the following is a mechanism used to examine external threats and opportunities facing a firm as well as its internal strengths and weaknesses?

situational analysis

____ also called a SWOT analysis for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organization's internal environment and the opportunities and threats in its external environment

situational analysis

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which a particular situation either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members.

situational favorableness

occurs when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work

social loafing

which of the following statements about social responsibility and economic performance is true

social responsibility can sometime create significant costs for a company

Tourism was not the only travel-associated industry that has been visibly hurt by what happened on 9/11. People decided to vacation at home and sales of luggage and similar travel gear decreased significantly. Sales of home swimming pools increased. The decision to stay at home reflects a change in attitudes toward the perceived safety of long-distance traveling. This is an example of a change in the

sociocultural

the goals of the compression approach to innovation are

speed, lower costs, and incremental change of dominant design

Companies often choose a ____ strategy when their external environment doesn't change much or after they have struggled with periods of explosive growth.

stability

Companies that are following a ____ strategy would be most likely to try to improve the way in which they sell the same goods or services to the same customers.

stability

various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called

stakeholders

is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes

standardization

is the type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events

standing plan

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc., introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. 2/3 of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. Specialized bikes have a large share of a fast-growing market. According to the BCG matrix, specialized mountain bikes would be classified as

stars

an organization is experiencing ____ when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management

strategic dissonance

Top management is responsible for developing long-term ____ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.

strategic plans

top management is responsible for developing long-term ___ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitiors in the next 2-5 years

strategic plans

E-Lab (the "e" stands for experience) has project teams perform field research for its clients. one team had to spend time riding in the back seat of a squad car, accompanying cops on drug raids, as part of research for a new communications device for police departments. Another team studied how people get sick with a cold to create a new over-the-counter cold remedy. Often clients give team members extremely ambitious goals which the team members initially have no idea how to solve. In other words, project teams are given ___

stretch goals

the ___ interview uses only standardized, job related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates

structured

refreezing

supporting and reinforcing new changes so that they stick

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what leadership style involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate.

supportive leadership

tactical

____ plans are plans that specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals w/in its mission

tactical

____ plans are plans that specify how a company will use resources, budgets, and people to accomplish specific goals within its mission.

tactical

____ is the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization

task significance

teams are typically required when

tasks require multiple perspectives

team rewards that depend on ___ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts

team performance rather than individual performance

employee involvement teams

team that provides advice or makes suggestions to management concerning specific issues

Kodak is a company associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) ____.

technological discontinuity

the development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been

technological discontinuity

according to the model of need satisfaction, an unsatisfied need produces

tension

the purpose of _____ is to recognize U.S. companies for their achievements in quality and business performance and to raise awareness of how quality and performance excellence can be used to create a competitive edge.

the Baldrige Award

team level

the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team

Core firms

the central companies in a strategic group

individualism collectivism

the degree to which a person believes that people should be self sufficient and that loyalty to one's self is more important than loyalty to team or company

market commonality

the degree to which two companies have lapping products, services, or customers in multiple markets

For a fast-food restaurant chain that is famous for its small, square hamburgers, Which of the following would be a component of its sociocultural environment

the fact most consumers prefer eating out rather than at home

Secondary firms

the firms in a strategic group that follow strategies related to but somewhat different from those of the core firms

Forming

the first stage of team development, in which team members meet each other, form initial impressions, and begin to establish team norms

performing

the fourth and final stage of team development, in which performance improves b/c the team has matured into an effective, fully functioning team

which of the following statements about team development is true

the growth stages are forming, norming, and performing

Core capabilities

the internal decision making routines, problem solving processes, and organizational cultures that determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs

the three key parts of material requirements planning (MRP) are ___

the master production schedule, the bill of materials, and inventory records

Corporate level strategy

the overall organizational strategy that addresses the question "what businesses are we in or should we be in?"

discontinuous change

the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological competition and design substitution

Differentiation

the positioning strategy of providing a product or service that is sufficiently different form competitors' offerings that customers are willing to pay a premium price for it

Focus strategy

the positioning strategy of using cost leadership or differentiation to produce a specialized product or service for a limited, specially targeted group of customers in a particular geographic region or market segment

change intervention

the process used to get workers and managers to change their behavior and work processes

creativity

the production of novel and useful ideas

Acquisition

the purchase of a company by another company

technological substitution

the purchase of new technologies to replace older ones

storming

the second stage of development characterized by conflict and disagreement, in which team members disagree over what the team should do and how it should do it

Strategic reference points

the strategic targets managers use to measure whether a firm has developed the core competencies it needs to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage

organizational innovation

the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations

testing

the systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations

Frank & Lillian Gilbreth are important to management b/c

they used motion studies to eliminate unnecessary motions form the work process

A sustainable competitive advantage exists for an organization when other companies have tried unsuccessfully to duplicate the advantage and ____.

those companies have, for the moment, stopped trying to duplicate the advantage

Kodak makes digital cameras and paper for prints. Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as a _______ in its external environment if it considered how digital cameras affect sales of cameras that use film. On the other hand, Kodak would view the growing popularity of digital cameras as an ______ in its external environment if it considered the amount of Kodak processing paper used in printing pictures made by digital cameras

threat; opportunity

top manager

In the autonomy continuum (which shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy), the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is ____

traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams

in the autonomy continuum (which shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy), the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is ____

traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams

relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the ____ of leadership

trait theory

is based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance.

transactional leadership

Synergy occurs when ____.

two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart

Affective conflict ____

typically decreases team cohesiveness

the two basic kinds of inequity are

underreward and overreward

People with Machiavellian personalities believe that virtually any type of behavior is acceptable if it helps satisfy needs or accomplish goals. Add that skill to someone with the ability to create strong bonds with followers and you have described a leader who is a(n)

unethical charismatic leader

unrelated diversification

when Clorox Corp., a manufacturer of bleach and bleach-based cleaning products, acquired Kingsford Charcoal and Prime Choice brand steak sauce; it was an example of

unrelated diversification

According to the expectancy theory, _____ affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.

valence, expectancy, and instrumentality

a study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82% of the time. if background checks reduce employee thievery over a period of time and throughout the industry, then this selection process would be

validated

is a deviation in the form, condition, or appearance of a product from the quality standard for that product.

variation

a(n) ___ is defined as a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task

virtual team

When Samsonite purchased American Tourister, one of the first things the new management did was to eliminate the American Tourister Gorilla mascot (which had appeared in all American Tourister ads for years and which represented the quality construction of American Tourister luggage). The gorilla had been a symbol of quality and commitment for American Tourister employees. The executive order to remove the gorilla posters from the walls of offices and factories was one of the means Samsonite used to change the organizational culture at American Tourister. The gorilla posters were an example of

visible artifacts

a ____ should be brief, enduring, inspirational, clear, and consistent with widely shared company beliefs and values

vision statement

Distinctive competence

what a company can make, do, or perform better than its competitors

technological lockout

when a new dominant design prevents a company from competitively selling its products or makes it difficult to do so

Mark Graf, a security specialist at the Rocky Flats nuclear facility outside Denver, became alarmed about the temporary removal of 450 kilograms of plutonium oxide from a vault-like room to a "soft room" protected by drywall that you could punch a hole through. Graf eventually had to take his concerns to the media before the plutonium was stored again in a safe location. Graf's actions can be described as

whistleblower

multifunctional teams

work teams composed of people from different departments

creative work environments

workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

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