MGT 340 Final Exam Part III

task-motivated

According to Fiedler's theory, a high-control situation favors a __________ leader.

refreezing

After identifying a problem with employee morale, Cue Manufacturing instituted changes in employee shift hours and breaks. When managers and staff finally accepted the new changes, Cue was able to present modified job descriptions and modified long-term schedules. The ________ stage of the Lewin model addresses helping people and the organization institutionalize the changes.

consultation

Alexis, a customer service supervisor at ABC Airlines, typically seeks the full participation of her team members when planning, making important decisions, and implementing changes. Which one of the nine generic influence tactics is she using?

encounter

Amy has recently joined a new research institute. She had initially thought that her job would entail a lot of field work, which would allow her to gain some practical experience, but her manager just gives her a lot of paperwork instead. She is also learning to adjust to the strict dress code that the company enforces on all of its employees. Amy is in the _________ stage of the socialization process.

a manager providing inadequate direction

An example of a stressor at the group level is

negative legitimate, coercive, reward

Compliance can be a result of __________ power.

functional

A(n) _______ structure groups people according to the type of work they perform.

hollow

Straight Line Co. faces heavy price competition and is under pressure to cut costs. Management has decided to farm out some processes to outside companies, but they are concerned that this choice might result in loss of in-house capacity to innovate. Straight Line is using a _____ structure.

product

Sunshine Crackers introduces Wheat Flats,a cracker with more fiber, fewer calories, and great flavor. Wheat Flats is a great success. This is an example of __________ innovation.

mission statement

Sweetie's Sweets is a hospitality company, whose __________ is "dedicated to providing high-quality desserts in a comfortable atmosphere for clients who seek a fun gourmet experience outside restaurants."

rebel

Tammy participates actively in the weekly team meetings, but when it comes to doing her work, she tends to do it her own way, often disregarding company policies and her boss's wishes. Tammy is probably a(n)

mission statement

The _______ for Mortimer, Inc. is "We build the world's best mousetraps."

there is a lack of information

The education and communication approach to overcoming resistance to change should be used when

name the event or problem

The first step of the ABCDE method of cognitive restructuring is

organizational identity, collective commitment, social system stability, and sense-making.

The functions of organizational culture are

open system

The human body is an example of a(n) ________ because it requires life-sustaining oxygen, nutrients, and water from the environment.

observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions.

The levels of organizational culture are

someone will clearly lose out in the change, and that person has considerable power to resist

The negotiation and communication approach to overcoming resistance to change should be used when

recipient characteristics, change agent characteristics, and the relationship between the change agent and the recipient

The recommended way to look at resistance to change is to view it as caused by

diagnosis, intervention, evaluation, and feedback

The stages of OD are, in order,

cognitive abilities

To derive effective solutions in short time spans with limited information, leaders primarily need

talk a lot about yourself

To make a good first impression in an interaction with another, a person should do all of the following except

True

True or False: Coercive power has a slightly negative effect

True

True or False: Evidence-based decision making should sometimes be used in supporting decisions.

True

True or False: Mechanistic organizations generally are expected to produce reliability and consistency in internal processes.

To ask employees to enter the building only after the structural problems had been fixed, and to ask customers for some leeway in filling orders.

Wanston operates factories in Southeast Asia. After a fire burned down one of the factories, Wanston needs to decide whether to continue operating in a damaged building or to wait until the damage has been repaired and chance losing orders. What might the ethical decision be?

interaction-facilitation

When a leader is resolving disputes and facilitating communication among subordinates, he or she is engaging in ________ behaviors.

organizational culture

Which of the following cannot be viewed in an organizational chart?

legitimating tactics

Which of the following is a "hard" influence tactic?

high control of outsourced operations

Which of the following is not a benefit of open structures?

profit motive

Which of the following is not one of the common denominators of organizations?

matching the behavior to the situation

Which of the following is not one of the key leader behaviors that are part of transformational leadership?

leader reactions to critical incidents

Which of the following mechanisms for changing organizational culture addresses only the level of basic underlying assumptions of culture?

an organization criticizing another

Which of the following would not necessarily require an apology?

SWOT analysis

Which of these is an analytical framework that can help your company develop a strategic plan?

authoritarian leadership

Which of these would you not see from an inspiring transformational leader?

exchange

You are late in the preparation of the computer graphics for your final report and presentation. You run into a friend who is great at computer graphics just as he is heading out of the office at the end of the day and say, "I need your help for my project. If you could come back for two or three hours tonight and help me with these graphics, I will complete those spreadsheets you have been complaining about." Which influence tactic are you using with your friend?

networks are people-oriented

You own your own management consulting firm. At a recent seminar, the owner of a local supermarket chain asks you to help him differentiate between a coalition and a network. Which of the following would be a correct response?

mentoring

_____ is the process of forming and maintaining intensive and lasting developmental relationships between a variety of developers and a junior person.

Position

______ power is the type of influence a person exercises because of the job he or she holds.

anticipatory, encounter, and change and acquisition

________ are the phases of organizational socialization.

biofeedback

________ is a stress-reduction technique that uses electronic monitors to train people to detect muscular tension.

diversity management

________ is not a function of organizational culture.

inspirational appeal

________ is when you try to build enthusiasm by appealing to others' emotions, ideals, or values.

deliberate role modeling, training, and coaching

_________ are levers for changing organizational culture, addressing all three levels of culture.

consideration

_________ involves leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust and focuses on a concern for group members' needs and desires.

Delphi Technique

_________ is a group process that anonymously generates ideas or judgments from physically dispersed experts.

financial performance

_________ is only weakly related to the adhocracy organizational culture.

empowerment

_________ is(are) the efforts to enhance employee performance, well-being, and positive attitudes.

demographic characteristics

__________ are exemplified by persistently high unemployment levels among young people around the world creating a strong force for change felt by governments and organizations.

organizational politics

__________ are intentional acts of influence to enhance or protect the self-interest of individuals or groups that are not endorsed by or aligned with those of the organization.

meditation

__________ is a method for stress reduction that involves directing thoughts away from yourself.

servant

__________ leadership focuses on increased benefit to others rather than to oneself.

open designs

__________ rely on leveraging technology and structural flexibility to maximize potential value through outsourcing and external collaboration.

Expert; commitment

___________ power tends to produce __________.

mentoring

Big Brothers Big Sisters is a volunteer _________ network that pairs adults with children. A survey of adults who participated in the program when they were children revealed that the majority obtained values and principles that influenced them throughout their lives.

anticipatory

Bill wants to work for the Chocolate Factory. He applies for a job and at the same time tries to find out as much as he can about the company on the Internet. He also asks his friend Charles, who already works there, about the work environment and employee benefits that the company offers. Which phase of organizational socialization is Bill currently in?

ingratiation

Carl needs a day off from his work. But he is apprehensive that David, his manager, will not grant the leave. Carl knows that David wants to shed a few pounds and has been hitting the gym for the past month. Before asking for the leave, Carl compliments David on his build and physique. It comes as no surprise to Carl that David grants him the leave! What kind of an influence tactic did Carl use?

you do not need a formal position to act as a leader

Carol is a behind-the-scenes kind of person, but everyone wants her on their committee because those committees tend to meet their objectives. Which of the following statements might describe why people want Carol on their committee?

devote considerable resources to hiring and developing employees.

Clan organizations

legitimate

Dewey, a manager at the Busy Bee Restaurant, gives Alice her schedule for the next week. Alice knows she must follow that schedule. What kind of power is Dewey exercising?

analytical

Dr. Barbara Sonders determines financial trends in European markets. She analyzes worldwide financial and economic trends to determine the best course of action for European economies. Her decisions are based on complicated and sometimes ambiguous information, and she has to carefully considers all sides of the issue. What type of decision-making style does Dr. Sonders possess?

leadership prototype

Drake is running for Congress during a time of conflict. He has a strong, craggy, dominant look—similar to Clint Eastwood. His campaign manager says that this gives him an advantage over his opponent. This reflects a

confidence and goodwill about the company

Evidence collected after the fact can be used to convince an external audience that the organization is following a sound course of action in a complex and ambiguous decision context. On the positive side, this can lead to

task or relationship motivated

Fiedler's contingency model identifies which leadership styles

refraining from engaging in self-serving behaviors that hurt others and focuses on increased service to others rather than to himself.

Frank is the manager for a grocery store. He supervises 18 workers who perform service and clerical work that requires minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Frank is following the servant-leadership model of leadership?

authoritarian power

Fred always announces his decisions at weekly staff meetings. He doesn't waste time asking for employee input because he already knows what he wants to do. This reflects ________, the lowest level of empowerment.

Seek consistency or congruence between your career goals and the type of developmental network at your disposal.

Fred wants to start his own business one day. In preparation, he is trying to network with a diverse group of people. Which of the following statements does this reflect?

empowerment

Grace's overriding goal is to increase productivity and competitiveness in her company. She is willing to take her time, because she knows that _____ is a matter of degree, not an either-or proposition.

create more formality in expectations and rewards

In an out-group exchange, a leader is attempting to

anchoring

In the _________ bias, a decision maker is influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant.

leader-member relations good; task structure high; position power weak

In which of the following situations would a leader's situational control be considered high

job dissatisfaction

Included in demographic changes are all of the following except

past success

Janis is in charge of marketing for a department store sale. During previous sales, she has had success using only radio advertisements to draw customers into the store for a sale. A colleague suggests TV commercials as another approach to marketing. Janis is resistant to change because she knows that the radio advertisements have worked. What form of resistance to change is Janis exhibiting?

overconfidence

Josephine is about to graduate from college and is excited about joining her two roommates to start a small coffee shop near campus. She has never started a business before, but she is sure that her business degree has taught her everything she needs to know. The three of them have enough money for their initial costs and figure that they can cover their expenses with the cash flow from the business. Which heuristic is probably involved?

clan

Larry Page, Google's cofounder and former CEO, describes the culture as a "family" environment. He said, "My job ... is to make sure everybody in the company has great opportunities, and that they feel they're having a meaningful impact and are contributing to the good of society. ... It's important that the company be a family, that people feel that they're part of the company, and that the company is like a family to them. When you treat people that way, you get better productivity." This is an example of _____ culture.

relationships with followers

Leader-member exchange theory focuses on the leader's

meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, and impact.

Leaders increase psychological empowerment by engaging in behaviors that enhance perceptions of

support and coach employees

Managers should _______ in order to empower them, to lead for competence.

drive toward productivity, profit, and customer satisfaction.

Market cultures ______.

division of labor

Martha wants her house fully cleaned on Monday. She takes the dusting, Marvin vacuums, Kit does the bathrooms, and Tina cleans the kitchen. ___________ occurs when the common goal is pursued by individuals performing separate but related tasks.

directive

Marvin is a medical technician who administers stress tests. He has a low tolerance for ambiguity and is oriented toward task and technical concerns when making decisions. The ________ style is well suited for this position.

benefit the organization

Meg manages a small nonprofit group that assists abused women. Recently Sarah, one of her employees, notices that Meg has been more focused on getting good press for herself than for the women that she helps. Meg wants to position herself to win the Personal Service Award from the mayor of their community. Sarah thinks they should work towards positioning their group for additional funding. In this case, political tactics that counter Meg's interests will likely

secondary appraisal

Meghan is a little stressed over an assignment. She just can't seem to identify an easy way to get this work done, but she's not one to give up. Finally, she says: "If this way fails, I can always try another method." This indicates a positive

exhibiting narcissism

Michael wants to be president of his division. Everything he does is geared to that objective. He pushes his employees to to meet higher quotas, criticizes anyone who doesn't put in 10 to 12 hour days, and demands results before the due date. He is arrogant and dominant. Michael is

reward; complying

Professor Smith promises Professor Davis that he will buy him dinner if Professor Davis covers class for him one day while Professor Smith is presenting a paper at a conference. Professor Davis agrees, although he is merely going to hand out an assignment to students and be available for questions if they have any. Professor Smith is using his ________ power and Professor Davis is ________.

self-efficacy

Psychological empowerment is related to

intuition

Rachel bought a table at a thrift store for $20. She had a feeling it might be valuable. When cleaned up and assessed, the table turned out to be an antique from the 1700s, worth $3,250. What was Rachel using to make her decision?

confirmation

Roger runs a small nonprofit group. He wants to buy a copier, because he knows it will be cheaper than going to the copy store. One of the other employees remarks that they should make do with an inexpensive copier from Walmart or Staples, but Roger wants one that will copy legal documents and collate reports. Roger may be impacted by _______ bias.

traditional design

Roscoe Products produce widgets. Using a(n) __________, they are able to achieve economies of scale by specializing the application of labor to specific and standardized functions.

idea evaluation/validation

Selecting the most creative and promising idea from among multiple options relies on analytical and mainly conscious thinking. This is _______, the final stage opf the creative performance process.

virtual

Simentec Inc., a tech support company, has over 150 employees working in five countries. The company allows workers to work from anywhere, and virtual meetings are the primary means of communication across the company. Simentec is a _________ structure—one whose members are geographically apart and work using information technology. It appears to customers as a single, unified organization with a real physical location.