MGT 3680 Final

In Social Learning Theory, Bandura suggested that our traits are transformed into behavior as a result of: (3,4) A. How we have perceived previous life experiences B. Our genetics C. Differences in our backgrounds D. Our emotional stability E. Our openness to experience

A. How we have perceived previous life experiences

According to your textbook, studies at the Western Electric Hawthorne Plant in the 1930's showed that "supportive supervision": (1,4) A. It can't be known for certain why production improved—too many factors B. Proved that ergonomics was the key to high production C. Employees behavior can't be changed D. Showed that increasing the lighting improved production in the long run E. Created record breaking performance

A. It can't be known for certain why production improved—too many factors

Fulfilling one's needs, attaining important values, and being treated fairly at work are all causes of ____. (2,7) A. Satisfaction at work B. Met expectations C. Absenteeism D. Turnover E. Intelligence

A. Satisfaction at work

In making the hiring decision, the tool that is most effective in selecting candidates who will be successful is: (4,4) A. A job interview B. An IQ test C. References D. Roll playing E. A writing sample

B. An IQ test

According to _____ leader behavior is acceptable when employees view it as a source of satisfaction. Leader behaviors are motivational to the extent that they reduce obstacles that interfere with goal attainment, provide guidance, and tie rewards to goal accomplishment. (9,4) A. Graen's leader-member exchange model B. Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory C. House's path-goal theory D. Fiedler's contingency model E. Stogdill's trait theory

C. House's path-goal theory

According to the class notes, making an ethical decision is: (8,6) A. More difficult in organizations B. Independent of the monetary value of the decision C. Initially, a question of whether or not the decision is an ethical one D. A comparison of the facts to our values E. Dependent on the current definitions of morality

C. Initially, a question of whether or not the decision is an ethical one

Kerr and Jermier described two ways the ability of a leader to influence followers' actions could be limited or restricted. They called these factors: (9,1) A. Tasks and Affects B. Transactions and Transformations C. Substitutes and Neutralizers D. In-group experiences and Out-group experiences E. Incompetence and Callousness

C. Substitutes and Neutralizers

Power is (as defined in class): (8,1) A. Coercive B. An indirect application of influence C. The ability to do work D. The difference between war and diplomacy E. Ineffective if not used positively

C. The ability to do work

We can experience information overload because: (7,10) A. Most people have a short attention span B. We use too many mnemonic devices C. We are unable to store more than seven pieces of information in active memory D. Halo effect E. Asch effect

C. We are unable to store more than seven pieces of information in active memory

A holistic hunch and automated experiences represent two types of ____. (4,2) A. brainstorming techniques B. decision-making styles C. intuition D. creativity E. emotional intelligence

C. intuition

_____ represent(s) an individual's capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving. A. Effort B. Values C. Skills D. Attitudes E. Intelligence

E. Intelligence

The _____ model proposes that managers use a four-step sequence when making decisions: (1) identify the problem, (2) generate alternative solutions, (3) select a solution, and (4) implement and evaluate the solution. (4,1) A. Normative B. Contingency C. Scenario D. Garbage can E. Rational

E. Rational

1. According to the lecture notes, the reason more people drown at Coney Island when hot dog consumption increases is: (1,1) A. A confounding or intervening variable B. A correlation that is false C. Causation by the hot dogs D. Heat causes bacteria growth in hot dogs E. The hot dogs had been eaten less than ½ hour before swimming.

A. A confounding or intervening variable

In class, and in the notes, we presented the "Group Communication Model." In this model, the "self" is: (7,7) A. A set of attitudes, values and beliefs B. The "Id" C. Unrelated to others in the group D. Your contexts, relationships, strategies and U/C reduction E. The part of you outside of the organization.

A. A set of attitudes, values and beliefs

Janet's supervisor says to her, "if you are late one more time, you will be fired—no excuses!" This is an example of: (2,3) A. A supervisor who follows the behaviorist model B. A supervisor who uses the medical model C. A supervisor who has a "Type B" personality D. A supervisor who should be removed E. A supervisor who doesn't listen.

A. A supervisor who follows the behaviorist model

Which medium has the greatest information richness? (7,1) A. Face-to-face. B. Telephone. C. Formal numeric. D. Personal written. E. Formal written.

A. Face-to-face.

When looking at their own pay, most people: (5,6) A. Find it the most important motivator B. Think they can make more money than they actually can C. Don't look at the earnings of people in other companies to compare wages D. See pay as an internal motivator E. Don't realize they could make more if they looked for another job.

A. Find it the most important motivator

In one of the group presentations (and in the textbook), four kinds of stereotyping were discussed. Name two of these and describe a positive or negative outcome associated with each. (Student Presentation)

A. Gender Stereotyping—this can result in discrepancies in pay, reduced opportunities for women and sexual harassment. I can't think of anything positive, but if you can, it had better not be a stereotype. B. Disability Stereotyping—this can result in all people with disabilities being lumped together, irrespective of the disability. This results in loss of employment opportunities that fit the needs of the individual, as well as the loss of qualified people to fill jobs. Again, I'm at a loss to find anything positive about this, but you can try. C. Age Stereotyping—May be called "ageism" or "adultism." This is the assumption that older (or younger) people are incapable of doing a job because of age. Studies don't support this, and highly productive people may be passed over for jobs when this is practiced. If you think there are positives to this, remember that your professor is old and I am reading this. D. Racial Stereotyping—This is the practice of ascribing broad traits to racial or ethnic groups. Wars have been fought over this one, so don't even try to tell me anything positive about it.

Assigning someone the role of devil's advocate when discussing major alternatives is a way to prevent ___. (6,7) A. Groupthink B. The Asch effect C. Social loafing D. Role ambiguity E. Role overload

A. Groupthink

_____ occurs when an individual's judgment is distorted by the unanimous but incorrect opposition of a non-cohesive group. (6,3) A. The Asch effect B. Role overload C. Role conflict D. Groupthink E. Social loafing

A. The Asch effect

Based on research on the Big Five personality dimensions, which of the following is true? (3,3) A. The Big Five personality structure seems to be valid across a number of different cultures. B. Openness to experience had the strongest positive correlation with job and training performance. C. Agreeableness was a stronger predictor of job performance across all professions than was extraversion. D. Conscientiousness was a weak predictor of job performance. E. For managers and sales people, emotional stability was associated with job success.

A. The Big Five personality structure seems to be valid across a number of different cultures.

Early research on personality and body types argued that: (3,2) A. Personality was not determined by body shape B. Endomorphs were happy and carefree C. Phrenology works better than physiognomy D. Criminals had been raised in a criminal environment E. Twins studies prove that IQ is inherited.

B. Endomorphs were happy and carefree

Test validity means that a test: (2,4) A. Is always right B. Measures what it was intended to measure C. Measures variables that are useful to the user D. Measures the same way every time E. Is legal to use

B. Measures what it was intended to measure

According to Tuckman's five-stage theory of group development, the _____ stage is when questions about authority and power are resolved through unemotional, matter-of-fact group discussion. (6,2) A. Storming B. Norming C. Forming D. Adjourning E. Performing

B. Norming

5. Which one of the following is not one of the groups of human traits described in class? (2,1) A. Biographical B. Physical C. Intellectual D. Attitudes

C. Intellectual

Which of the following is a typical problem experienced by team members? (6,4) A. Vague or conflicting team assignments. B. Inadequate team skills training. C. Poor interpersonal skills. D. Poor staffing of teams. E. Hostile organizational environment for teams.

C. Poor interpersonal skills.

Commitment, compliance, and resistance are ____. (8,3) A. Ways to decrease political behavior in the workplace B. Ways of employee empowerment C. Possible outcomes of influence attempts D. Methods of delegation E. Dimensions of power

C. Possible outcomes of influence attempts

One characteristic of high achievers is that they ____. (5,4) A. Prefer extreme difficulty B. Desire feedback on their failures but not their successes C. Prefer high rewards to recognize their achievement D. Desire feedback on their successes but not their failures E. Like to compete against people who are much more skilled than they are

C. Prefer high rewards to recognize their achievement

In the group presentation and in the textbook you were given 6 guidelines for building trust. Give an example of one of these and explain how you think it builds trust.

Communication Support Respect Fairness Predictability Competence

A(n) _____ communication style is expressive and self-enhancing, but takes unfair advantage of others. (7,8) A. Nonassertive B. Assertive C. Reasons D. Aggressive

D. Aggressive

A sales manager who threatens to fire any salesperson who uses a company car for personal purposes is relying on _____ power. (8, 2) A. Referent B. Expert C. Legitimate D. Coercive E. Reward

D. Coercive

The survival exercise showed that: (4,3) A. Good group decisions are only possible when everyone agrees quickly B. Members of a decision-making group must have high levels of expertise C. Group decisions are always superior to decisions made by individuals D. Group members must disagree to reach a good decision E. You should try to walk back to the nearest city if your plane crashes in Canada.

D. Group members must disagree to reach a good decision

A "disappearing leader" is one who: (9,7) A. Quits before the job is done, and leaves others to lead B. Stays only in the background—leads from behind C. Is ineffective because he or she is not charismatic D. Has leadership influence while no longer in the group E. Takes a long lunch hour.

D. Has leadership influence while no longer in the group

According to research on the stability of attitudes, when is a person least likely to change his or her general attitudes? A. Childhood B. Adolescence C. Early adulthood D. Middle adulthood E. Late adulthood

D. Middle adulthood

2. In the Luthans model, he shows that Successful managers spend the largest portion of their time doing what? (1,2) A. Traditional Management Functions B. Human Resource Management C. Communication D. Networking E. None of these

D. Networking

The "Great Man Theory" is: (9,3) A. An explanation of why presidents are great leaders B. The reason more CEO's are men C. How behaviors create great leaders. D. Not substantiated by research E. Wrong, because it doesn't include women.

D. Not substantiated by research

According to the communication model presented in class, communication consists of which three interrelated parts: (7,3) A. Actors, messengers and motivators B. Effective, ineffective and neutral speech C. Inputs, outputs and overrides D. Senders, receivers and filters E. Mylons, cardons and phrenons

D. Senders, receivers and filters

_____ refers to the positive or negative value people place on outcomes. (5,5) A. Instrumentality B. Expectancy C. Inequity D. Valence E. Cognitive dissonance

D. Valence

Which of the following meets the four sociological criteria of a group? (6,1) A. A crowd on a street watching a parade B. The employees of a large organization C. People standing in line at the store D. The United Auto Workers union E. A planning committee

E. A planning committee

3. (p. 6) Why should one spend one's time learning about organizational behavior? (1,3) A. To learn how to interact with others more effectively B. To increase the chances of becoming a successful manager C. To better understand human behavior D. To increase self-management skills E. All options are correct.

E. All options are correct.

The _____ occurs when a rater forms an overall impression about a ratee and then uses that impression to bias ratings about the ratee. (3,6) A. Contrast effect B. Recency effect C. Central tendency effect D. Leniency effect E. Halo effect

E. Halo effect

According to Hackman and Oldham, _____ represents the extent to which the job requires an individual to perform a whole or completely identifiable piece of work. (5,3) A. Feedback B. Autonomy C. Task significance D. Skill variety E. Task identity

E. Task identity

Research on transformational leadership yielded which of the following? (9,5) A. Transformational leadership was negatively related to employee motivation. B. Transformational leadership was negatively related to intrinsic motivation. C. Followers of transformational leaders exerted less effort than those of laissez-faire leaders. D. Followers of transformational leaders reported less job satisfaction than those of laissez-faire leaders. E. Transformational leadership was positively related to organizational performance.

E. Transformational leadership was positively related to organizational performance.

Rousseau said that it was inappropriate to use the power of leadership to acquire personal gain because: (8,5) A. You could be caught and fired. B. It is wrong C. The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few D. You have religious obligation not to do things like this E. You have a social contract with others

E. You have a social contract with others

You are a management consultant and a manager from Texaco asks you to summarize the best research evidence on the impact of French and Raven's five bases of power on job performance, job satisfaction, and turnover. Which of these would be a correct response? (8,2) A. Reward power had stronger positive impacts than referent power. B. No conclusive evidence was found. C. Employees resent legitimate power, therefore ignore it. D. Expert and referent power had a generally positive impact. E. Coercive power can be used to fool people into thinking you will take actions you are actually unwilling to take.

Expert and referent power had a generally positive impact.

The basis of the "Sioux Methodology," discussed in class and in the film clip is that: (6,6) A. Affect is more important than task in group discussions B. In groups, comments of others should be honored before making comments of your own C. Task is more important than affect in group discussions D. In groups, the strongest person always gets his or her way E. Hollywood movies are inaccurate in their portrayal of Native American culture. This is taken directly from the film clip shown in class.

In groups, comments of others should be honored before making comments of your own

What is the relationship of motivation to productivity? Are highly motivated employees more productive?

Inconclusive

The "Appearance of Leadership" is a concept we described in class. What do we mean by this? Please define and explain this term.

The appearance is leadership is the descriptive term used to explain the human tendency to ascribe great leadership skills to individuals we may like or respect. The person having the appearance of leadership is assumed by followers to be a great leader because the individual has traits and behaviors we commonly (but erroneously) associate with great leaders. This can be traits or behaviors such as being tall, male, confident, assertive, attractive, or forceful. Because of our assumption that great leaders have these traits, some people often try to copy these behaviors when attempting to exercise leadership. Note that the "appearance of leadership" is about followers' attitudes and not about any traits of the leaders. Your answer needs to reflect that this is about the attitudes of followers and not the actions of the leaders. See page 204-205 in the textbook in which "attribution theory" is discussed. Describing the appearance of leadership in terms of leader behaviors or actions is incorrect.