MGT302-Chapter 4

According to Islam, worldly gain and temporal power are

an illusion

Mallory grew up in a rural community and she knows that even though she has a master's degree in finance, she will always be considered a "country bumpkin" in her society. Her thoughts reflect the idea of ____.

class consciousness

Class ____ is one's perception of their social or economic rank in society.

consciousness

Understanding how cultural differences across and within nations affect the way business is practiced is known as ___ literacy.

cross-cultural

There is a need for every business in the international marketplace to understand the prevailing culture in the countries that they are doing business in. This is known as

cross-cultural literacy

As opposed to what Max Weber originally argued, the caste system has NOT held back the ______ in India.

entrepreneurial activity

One advantage of individualism in business is a(n)

high level of entrepreneurial activity

The dynamism associated with the U.S. economy is a result of the philosophy of ____.

individualism

A caste system is a type of social structure that divides people on the basis of ____.

inherited social status

The economic principles of Islam prohibit a bank from paying or receiving ___.

interest

In recent years, what has increased society's emphasis on extended social groups?

social media

In a caste system, change in position is _____ during one's lifetime.

usually not possible

The Western media relates Islamic fundamentalists with ____, rather than with deeply held religious values.

violence

What is considered appropriate personal space when conducting business in the United States?

5-8 feet

The vast majority of Christians live in Europe and the Americas. However, Christianity is rapidly growing in which part of the world?

Africa

When considering the relationship between American and German businesspeople, Edward T. Hall would agree that

Americans wait to be instructed to do so before addressing a German counterpart by their first name.

The religion where followers try to achieve nirvana or spiritual enlightenment is

Buddhism

The religion where followers try to achieve nirvana or spiritual enlightenment is ______.

Buddhism

Loyalty, honest in dealing with others, and reciprocal obligations are the building blocks of

Confucianism

Loyalty, honesty in dealing with others, and reciprocal obligations are the building blocks of

Confucianism

What ethical system emphasizes taking the right actions to attain salvation?

Confucianism

Which factor seems to have the least significance in explaining differences in economic growth between nations?

Culture

______ is judging another's culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.

Ethnocentrism

The religion where followers believe in reincarnation and karma is

Hinduism

Culture that is defined as a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living stems from the work of which expert?

Hofstede

What major world religion is based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad?

Islam

What directs the attention of a society to specific features of the world and structures how people perceive them?

Language

____ is the Hofstede dimension that describes the extent to which individuals do not have the same levels of physical and intellectual capability.

Power distance

_____ refers to a system of shared beliefs related to the realm of the sacred.

Religion

The ____ system is a less rigid form of social stratification than the ___ system

class; caste

Fifty years ago, it was not widely accepted that a woman could hold a senior management position. Of course, today this is a common reality. This demonstrates how ______ can change over time.

culture

In parts of Canada, you will find both English-speaking communities and French-speaking communities. This illustrates that language helps shape the way people perceive the world, and it also helps define _____.

culture

Culture can best be described as a ______ phenomenon.

dynamic

When the new neighbors moved in, Naghma told her family it would be appropriate for them to make a batch of cookies and take them over to the neighbors and introduce themselves. This social convention is an example of a(n) ____.

folkway

When discussing Islam, the Koran actually promotes ____.

free enterprise

A(n) ______ consists of at least 2 individuals who have a shared sense of identity and interact in structured ways.

group

The Hofstede dimension that is focused on the degree to which people in a society are integrated into groups is

individualism vs collectivism.

Which of Hofstede's dimensions reflects the ability of citizens to accept delayed gratification for their material, social, and emotional needs?

long-term versus short-term orientation

The Hofstede dimension that looks at the relationship between gender and work roles is

masculinity vs femininity

In a given society, the extent to which people can move up and down the class system is known as social ____.

mobility

Unspoken language is another way to describe ____ communication.

nonverbal

In the _____ dimension by Hofstede, it is recognized that people are not equal in physical and intellectual capabilities.

power distance

A system of shared beliefs and rituals based on sacred thought is the definition of ______.

religion

The movement of the members of a particular society in terms of their social status from one group to another is an example of

social mobility

All societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called ____.

social strata

All societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called ___.

social strata.

The basic social organization of a society is known as social ____.

structure.

The long-term versus short-term orientation identified by Hofstede captures people's attitudes toward ____.

time

The Reformation movement in the sixteenth century led to the establishment of

Protestantism

Individualism may result in a high degree of managerial mobility which might help a person increase his or her salary but can also result in a manager with ____.

a lack of experience.

Professor Michael Porter would agree that ____ played a large role in the success of Japan's postwar economic success.

education

Belinda sneered when she was told that cattle were allowed to roam the streets in certain countries. She said, "We would never allow that in America." Belinda's response demonstrates which concept?

ethnocentrism

As the result of criticism of his original work, Hofstede went on to expand his model with the addition of which dimension?

long-term vs short-term orientation

One reason for the rise of Islamic fundamentalism is the response to social pressures in traditional Islamic societies brought on by

the influence of Western thought.

Which Hofstede dimension measures a society's tolerance for ambiguity?

uncertainty avoidance

Hindus believe that an individual can achieve a state of complete spiritual perfection known as _____ by practicing material and physical self-denial.

nirvana