MGT315 EXAM 2- MOTIVATION

the process of adding task variety and significance, more autonomy, and other motivators into the job itself to make it more challenging and interesting is referred to as job... a) evaluation b) specialization c) enrichment d) rotation

c) enrichment

in terms of equity theory, which of the following would be considered inputs? a) compensation b) recognition c) experience d) skills

c) experience & d) skills

what is the term that refers to how hard people work towards something, where they apply their efforts, and how they continue to work towards their goals? a) competence b) instrumentaility c) motivation d) extrinsic motivation

c) motivation

after comparing your situation with that of a comparison other, you realize that your ratio of outcomes and inputs is greater than the other persons. according to equity theory, this is what type of situation? a) underreward inequity b) remunerative inequity c) overreward inequity d) equity

c) overreward inequity

which core job characteristic refers to the degree to which the job affects or impacts the organization and/or society a) identity b) variety c) significance d) autonomy

c) significance

three common symbolic meanings of money are achievement respect and a) motivation b) esteem c) attainment d) freedom

d) freedom

meaning

development of personal potential, achievement of higher purpose

the state in which an employee feels a total immersion in the task at hand is referred to as ______

flow

autonomy

the degree of independence and discretion one has in a job

the belief known as _____________ relates to the question "does the outcome have any value to me?"

valence

existence

water, food, shelter

rank the following motivating forces in order of their strength on job performance, with the strongest job motivator listed at the top and the lowest job performance motivator listed at the bottom a) specific, difficult goals b) perceptions of equity c) increased valence, instrumentality, and expectancy d) self-efficacy

1) self efficacy 2) specific, difficult goals 3) increased valence, instrumentality, and expectancy 4) perceptions of equity

Alexis owns an executive search firm and has established a goal for each of her recruiters to make contact with 25 of more potential candidates each day. This illustrates which of the following concepts of S.M.A.R.T. goals? 1) specific 2) theoretical 3) median 4) measurable 5) scientific 6) time- sensitive

1) specific & 4) measurable & 6) time-sensitive

which three of the following are reasons an employee may be more motivated than his or her counterparts? 1) the employee experiences inequity 2) the employee has specific, challenging, and achievable goals 3) the employee has feeling of expectancy and instrumentality 4) the employee has easy or abstract goals 5) the employee has feeling of psychological empowerment

2) the employee has specific, challenging, and achievable goals & 3) the employee has feeling of expectancy and instrumentality & 5) the employee has feeling of psychological empowerment

according to goal setting theory, there are three variables that determine whether supervisors' goals will affect their employees' work actions. one goal is commitment. what are the other 2? 1) task complicity 2) self efficacy 3) feedback 4) task complexity 5) expectancy

3) feedback 4) task complexity

which of the following would;ld likely be characterized as an extrinsic motivation a) Samanthas new boss frequently praises her for the quality of her work b) Tonys new job has enabled him to fine tune his technology skills c) Bettinas new job has a lucrative bonus benefits package d) Ben finally feels like he's working to his full potential at his new position

a) Samanthas new boss frequently praises her for the quality of her work c) Bettinas new job has a lucrative bonus benefits package

a high level of ______ directly contributes to the psychological state known as responsibility for outcomes, according to the job characteristics theory. a) autonomy b) significance c) variety d) identity

a) autonomy

which of the following feelings would be associated with a relatively unpleasant state of deactivation? a) bored b) serene c) sluggish d) hostile

a) bored c) sluggis

"We're like family here" Martika says of the people in her department. " I don't just work with these people-- they're my friends". Based on this, it can be assumed it can be assumed that Martika has a high level of ____ satisfaction. a) coworker b) pay c) extrinsic d) supervision

a) coworker

which of the following workplace satisfaction facets are measured by the job descriptive index? a) coworker satisfaction b) pay satisfaction c) emotional satisfaction d) promotion satisfaction

a) coworker satisfaction b) pay satisfaction d) promotion satisfaction

an intense positive mood is characterized by feeling a) excited b) nervous c) serene d) enthusiastic

a) excited d) enthusiastic

which of the following is the aim of an action and serves as the primary driver of the intensity and persistence of effort for the action? a) goal b) need c) value d) valence

a) goal

which of the following would likely be characterized as negative emotions? a) guilt b) pride c) disgust d) anger

a) guilt c) disgust d) anger

according to the job characteristics theory, a tailor who measures a client for a custom made suit, selects the fabric, cuts and sews the suit, and alter it to precisely fir the client would have high..... a) identity b) autonomy c) belongingness d) significance

a) identity

according to the job characteristics theory, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole, identifiable piece of work from beginning to end with a visible outcome is known as a) identity b) autonomy c) variety d) significance

a) identity

which of the following are specific values related to the work itself a) intellectual stimulation b) moral cause c) sense of achievement d) power over others

a) intellectual stimulation c) sense of achievement

a pleasurable emotional state that results from appraising your job or job experiences is referred to as a) job satisfaction b) job enrichment c) emotional labor d) activation

a) job satisfaction

according to the job characteristics theory, which of the following factors can serve as moderators that influence the strength of the relationship between job characteristics and job satisfaction. a) knowledge and skill b) growth need strength c) emotional labor d) emotional intelligence

a) knowledge and skill b) growth need strength

profit sharing depends on the performance of an entire company. what type of focus does this compensation plan have? a) organization b) educational c) government d) individual

a) organization

what facet of job satisfaction has the most influence on overall job satisfaction? a) satisfaction with the work itself b) coworker satisfaction c) pay satisfaction d) promotion satisfaction

a) satisfaction with the work itself

even through Linda hasn't planned an event quite as large as her company's Christmas party before, she is confident that she'll be able to manage it successfully. it appears that Linda has a high level of what type of belief? a) self efficacy b) adherence c) valence d) instrumentality

a) self efficacy

Brianna has just learned that her coworker, who has less experience and education, is earning more than she does. which three of the following would be the most likely results of this equity distress? a) she will reduce her efforts on the job b) she will ask her boss for a raise c) she will become angry or envious d) she will acknowledge that her coworkers family needs the money more e) she will experience guilt and work harder

a) she will reduce her efforts on the job b) she will ask her boss for a raise c) she will become angry or envious

what might happen if employees feel that they have less equity in their workplaces? a) they might take actions against their workplaces b) they might show a high level of citizenship c) they might feel a high level of self efficacy d) they might assign specific and difficult goals

a) they might take actions against their workplaces

one of the problems with determining needs is that peoples conceptions of needs vary between different cultures or even between individuals. a) true b) false

a) true

of the five job facets identified by the value percept theory, which three have the highest correlation with job satisfaction? a) work itself b) pay c) supervision d) coworker e) promotion

a) work itself c) supervision d) coworker

esteem

accomplishment, recognition, personal worth

control

autonomy, accountability

which of the following would likely be characterized as intrinsic motivations? a) alonzo is putting in extra study time because he wants a good grade on the test b) Tiana is auditing a psychology course at the community college because she finds the subject fascinating c) Jennifer receives a bonus for winning the employee of the month award d) bob takes as many cooking classes as he can because he loves to cook

b) Tiana is auditing a psychology course at the community college because she finds the subject fascinating & d) bob takes as many cooking classes as he can because he loves to cook

dawn's boss gave her a complicated report to finish by the end of the day. as a result, dawn became angry and dissatisfied with her job and her boss in particular. this is an example of the ______ theory. a) job characteristics b) affective events c) emotional contagion d) value-percept

b) affective events

in terms of equity theory, what is the term for the process in which people think about things in new ways- but do not change their behaviors in order to regain intellectual balance? a) equity distress b) cognitive distortion c) ratio reapportionment d) inequity

b) cognitive distortion

what theory asserts that a person's motivation is based on what he or she considers to be fair when compared to others? a) task theory b) equity theory c) goal theory d) efficacy theory e) expectancy theory

b) efficacy theory

an individuals perceived probability that his or her effort will result in positive outcomes is known as a) past accomplishment b) expectancy c) competency d) engagement

b) expectancy

since Jake is the only purchasing manager in his company, he compares his salary and benefits package with those of purchasing managers in other, similar sized companies. Jake is using what kind of indicators to examine his position? a) internal comparisons b) external comparisons d) external evaluators d) equity assessors

b) external comparisons

Moods are extreme in intensity a) true b) false

b) false

according to research, there is a strong correlation between job satisfaction and continuance commitment a) true b) false

b) false

"money is a tool to do things and travel where I want" this statement emphasizes the dimension of _______ in the symbolic value of money. a) respect b) freedom c) achievement d) esteem

b) freedom

Tony is a member of a small research team for a pharmaceutical company. one of the aspects of his job is that he loves best is that he can readily point out his contributions to the teams projects and genuinely feels like he can make a difference in the success of the team. this is an example of which dimension of psychological empowerment? a) self determination b) impact c) competence d) meaningfulness

b) impact

_____ satisfaction is positively correlated with life satisfaction a) physiological b) job c) pay d) social

b) job

which theory identifies certain job characteristics that produce high levels of psychological states that make work more satisfying? a) job descriptive index theory b) job characteristics theory c) value percept theory d) affective events theory

b) job characteristics theory

the degree to which employees feel a sense of happiness with their lives is referred to as a) emotional labor b) life satisfaction c) emotional cognition d) flow

b) life satisfaction

positive emboîtions would likely include which of the following? a) anxiety b) relief c) compassion d) pride

b) relief c) compassion d) pride

employees who have a degree of autonomy in their work tasks are likely to experience which dimension of psychological empowerment? a) persistence b) self determination c) impact d) meaningfulness

b) self determination

laura's dean has asked her to develop course lectures for an OB course by the end of the semester. in order to monitor her progress against this goal, Laura establishes mini-milestones to keep her on track and aims to develop lectures for at least two chapters per week. what is a term for these internalized milestones? a) task compliance b) self set goals c) equity distress d) cognitive valence

b) self set goals

which of the following is the best description of emotional labor? a) emotional attachment to and identification with the organization b) the need to manage emotions to complete job duties successfully c) a set of abilities to perceive, express and regulate emotions in oneself and others d) positive or negative expectations one person has toward another in situations involving risk

b) the need to manage emotions to complete job duties successfully

according to expectancy theory, an individuals effort level depends on three factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and a) feedback b) valence c) competence d) self- efficacy

b) valence

according to the job characteristics theory, the degree to which the job provides an employee with freedom, independence and discretion to preform the work is referred to as a) significance b) feedback c) autonomy d) identity

c) autonomy

according to equity theory, when we examine our own efforts and results and compare them to the efforts and results of others, we use the other people as what? a) equity contrasts b) reference checkers c) comparison checks d) outcome evaluators

c) comparison others

according to research, what kind of goals result in the greatest amount of success in workers? a) difficult and undefined b) easy and undefined c) difficult and specific d) easy and specific

c) difficult and specific

employees with high ______ are fully absorbed and enthusiastic about their work and devote a lot of energy to the job a) expectancy b) instrumentality c) engagement d) competence

c) engagement

Owen believes that if he studies hard for the next OB test, he will perform well. this is an example of what kind of belief? a) empowerment b) valence c) expectancy d) motivational force

c) expectancy

Leilana would best be described as a go getter. she seems to have an inner drive to always excel, to continually advance within the company. According to the job characteristics theory, this reflects Leilana's.... a) autonomy b) emotional labor c) growth need strength d) emotional contagion

c) growth need strength

An instrument designed to measure five dimension of job satisfaction, including supervisor satisfaction, pay satisfaction, promotion satisfaction, coworker satisfaction, and satisfaction with the work itself is known as a) job rating scale (JRS) b) satisfaction intensity c) job descriptive index (JDI) d) job in general (JIG) scale

c) job descriptive index (JDI)

peggy is passionate about her job as an adoption counselor at the local humane shelter. she feels that her job helps her fulfill the value she places on saving the lives of homeless animals. this is an example of which element of psychological empowerment? a) empowerment b) self determination c) meaningfulness d) competence

c) meaningfulness

an employee's belief that her job is worthwhile or important is a reflection of which critical psychological state? a) task identity b) knowledge of results c) meaningfulness of work d) responsibility for outcomes

c) meaningfulness of work

Tyler has applied for several higher-level jobs in his company, but they have always hired someone from outside of the company. He feels his chances for advancement in the company are slim, and now he has a low level of ______ satisfaction. a) coworker b) social c) promotion d) pay

c) promotion

what kind of belief answers the question " what are the chances, that if I work very hard, ill be able to do a good job?" a) valence b) expectancy c) self efficacy d) adherence

c) self efficacy

research suggests that job satisfaction has a(n) ______ effect on organizational commitment. a) weak negative b) strong negative c) strong positive d) weak positive

c) strong positive

according to the job characteristics theory, feedback on task performance comes from a) coworkers or peers b) the employees supervisor c) the work itself d) upper management

c) the work itself

Tyler works in customer service for a large financial services firm, but wants to ultimately work as a financial analyst, so he is taking advantage of training opportunities at work and seeking challenging assignments that can enhance his skills. Tyler is attempting to building which dimension of psychological empowerment? a) meaningfulness b) impact c) competence d) self determination

competence

which dimension of psychological empowerment refers to an employee's belief that he or she can perform his or her professional work at a high level? a) meaningfulness b) competence c) impact d) self determination

competence

research suggests that job satisfaction is strongly correlated with affective commitment. this means that employees who are satisfied with their job a) have a stronger cost based need to remain with the organization b) have low levels of continuance commitment c) engage more frequently in citizenship behaviors d) are more likely to want to stay with the organization

d) are more likely to want to stay with the organization

Katrina discovers that she is earning significantly more than a coworker with more experience. She justifies this by telling herself that she is paid more because she puts more effort into the job than her coworker. Her views are an example of a) ratio reapportionment b) underreward inequity c) meaningfulness d) cognitive distortion

d) cognitive distortion

According to the affective events theory, affective events can trigger _____, which can influence fluctuations in satisfaction levels and also trigger spontaneous behaviors. a) moods b) flow c) autonomy d) emotions

d) emotions

which theory of motivation proposes that work effort is directed toward positive experience and away from negative ones? a) equity theory b) past accomplishments theory c) goal setting theory d) expectancy theory

d) expectancy theory

an intense negative mood would be characterized by feeling a) Serene b) calm c) content d) hostile

d) hostile

when an individual experiences psychological empowerment, performing the work tasks serves as its own reward. this is a form of what kind of motivation? a) divergent b) extrinsic c) peripheral d) intrinsic

d) intrinsic

according to expectancy theory, which of the following statements concerning motivational force is true? a) motivation increases as unsuccessful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes b) motivation increases as successful performance is linked to fewer and fewer attractive outcomes c) motivation decreases as successful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes d) motivation increases as successful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes

d) motivation increases as successful performance is linked to more and more attractive outcomes

purchasing manager Jake compares his situation with that of purchasing managers in other purchasing manager in other similar sized companies. what type of comparison is Jake performing? a) company equity b) job equity c) compensation equity d) occupational equity

d) occupational equity

"My boss doesn't know the first thing about managing people," Barry complains. "She couldn't lead a two car funeral." based on this it can be assumed that Barry has a low level of ______ satisfaction. a) promotion b) social c) coworker d) supervisor

d) supervisor

according to the value percept theory, employees establish their level of pay satisfaction partly on a) the cost of health insurance coverage b) their potential for advancement c) idealized job performance d) the pay of similar coworkers

d) the pay of similar coworkers

the _______ theory argues that job satisfaction depends on whether you feel that your job supplies the things that you value. a) job characteristics b) life satisfaction c) job satisfaction d) value- percept

d) value- percept

"I'm so bored on this job I could scream," Annette complained. "Every day, it's the same thing, day in and day out. I could do this job in my sleep." According to the job characteristics theory, Annette is likely deficient in which of the core job characteristics? a) autonomy b) significance c) identity d) variety

d) variety

"I love being able to come up with creative ideas for my clients," says Marcus, a web designer. "I really feel like I've really accomplished something when I see my ideas come to life on the compute screen." this best describes which category of work values? a) status b) environment c) altruism d) work itself

d) work itself

relatedness

friendship, companionship, acceptance

the belief known as ________ relates to the belief that "if I do a good job, I'll receive the outcome I desire."

instrumentality

direction, intensity and ________ are the components of motivation that contribute to an employees work.

persistance

direction, intensity and ________ are the components of motivation that contribute to an employees work.

persistence

past accomplishments

sam earned a 3.9 GPA in his undergraduate program, and that bolsters his confidence that he will do well in grad school

verbal persuasion

sam enrolls in an MBA program because his wife parents have convinced him that he can succeed

emotional cues

sam is extremely nervous about being back in a classroom after an absence of almost 10 years, so hes unsure that he'll succeed in an MBA program

vicarious experiences

sams best friend recently earned an MBA from the same school and recommended the program enthusiastically

significance

the degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives of other people

identity

the degree to which the job requires completing a whole, identifiable, piece of work from beginning to end with a visible outcome

which of the following two conditions are required ins order to result in a state of flow? a) high skill b) high autonomy c) high challenge d) ease of accomplishment

a) high skill c) high challenge