micro 37-39

What is the function of boosters?

Boosters are injections that are given periodically to maintain immunity.

Which of the following does NOT apply to bacterial pathogens affecting the respiratory tract?

Most respiratory bacterial pathogens do not respond to antibiotic therapy.

An inanimate object that transmits infectious agents between hosts is most appropriately called a

fomite

The influenza vaccine is an example of a(n)

inactivated killed vaccine.

The most important potential common source of infectious disease is

water

Which type of vaccine could possibly cause a person to develop the disease?

Attenuated live vaccine

Which of the following is an example of herd immunity?

If 70% of the population is immunized against polio, the disease will be essentially absent from the population.

The Hepatitis B vaccine is which type of vaccine?

Subunit vaccine

If a human is bitten by an animal that has rabies, then it is recommended that the human receive immune globin (human rabies antibodies) and a rabies vaccination (with inactive virus) as well. Which of the following is the best (and most specific) explanation for why both are recommended in this case?

The rabies antibodies provide a rapid response but short-lived response while the vaccination provides slower but longer-lasting protection.

Which of the following describes an example of antigenic shift?

The surface antigens of a virus become drastically changed as a result of the combining of genetic material from different viruses within one organism.

What is the hallmark of a conjugated vaccine?

These vaccines contain weakly antigenic elements plus a more potent antigenic protein.

Reheating food to a temperature sufficient to kill bacteria is helpful in making food safer. However, is there a way that one can get food poisoning despite food having been reheated?

Toxins may be heat-stable above temperatures that kill bacteria.

Pasteurization of milk is a process that reduces bacterial levels and is an example of a disease control measure aimed at

preventing common source diseases.

About half of the clinical cases of severe sore throat are due to Streptococcus pyogenes, and most of the rest are due to viral infections. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of a severe sore throat is important because untreated group A streptococcal infections can lead to __________.

scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome